VSL News 1992 N°1 - structuraltechnologies.com · to Utilize VSL Isolator Bearings 12 A Post-Tensioning Redesign Success Story , 14 Incremental Launching Down Hill with Horizontal

VSL NEWSN U M B E R O N E 1 9 9 2

VSL

EditorialVSL

or VSL change means continuous improvement. A company which does notchange, is a company which does not improve, and is a company which

will wither. In a healthy growing organization change is not just desirable,change is essential. Naturally, it is human nature to resist change, as changemakes us anxious and feel uncomfortable. But we must look beyond this initialdiscomfort and look at the advantages which change brings with it.

A change took place within VSL on April 1st, 1992, and is illustrated on the oppo-site page. Instead of five, four Operating Units cover the world market. The formertwo units in the USA are consolidated in one unit. The former Far East Unit hasbeen split into two units with Australia going into the Southern Asian unit.

What do these changes mean for our customers and business partners? The basicprinciple of VSL – being near to the markets and, therefore, understanding thecustomers' and partners' needs – is unchanged. With the organizational changes,we will be able to better service you because of more efficiency and strengthwithin VSL. And our staff, feeling they are part of a company which gives themopportunity for personal growth and development, will solve your problemsand support your needs with still more enthusiasm and dedication.

What has not changed is VSL'S commitment to be the best. Today, we are worldleaders in post-tensioning and related engineering. The recent changes within ourorganization will help us to become even more. The vision of the future is avision of VSL – The World's Most Creative and Valued Construction Partner!

Reto JenatschGroup Chief Executive Officer

Highlights of this Issue

4 A New Prestressed ConcretePressure Tunnel System

6 Retained Earth Thriving in Australia

8 VSL Singapore Celebrates3.000.000 m2 of Post-TensionedSlabs

10 Largest US Seismic Retrofit Projectto Utilize VSL Isolator Bearings

12 A Post-Tensioning RedesignSuccess Story ,

14 Incremental Launching Down Hillwith Horizontal and Vertical Curves(Loewenberg)

Cover:

The 665 m Loewenberg Viaduct cur-rently under construction in Switzerlanduses the VSL Incremental LaunchingSystem. See story on page 14.

The only Constant in Business is Change

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The VSL Mission

VSL is the leading world-wide specialist contracter in the fieldof post-tensioning and related engineering.

Our mission is to:

First, provide optimized design and construction solutions withoutstanding support service ta construction industry custo-mers in order ta maximize their financial benefits.

Second, encourage a motivated and creative corporate culturewith group synergy aimed at generating rewards for staff andshareholders.

Third, operate as a transnational group of companies, locallyrooted, implementing coordinated strategies.

VSL-Locally Rooted/Globally Present VSL

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1 Franz Fischli Vice President PR+Licensing

2 Thomas Fröhlicher Chief Financial Officer

3 Reto Jenatsch Group Chief Executive Officer

4 Hans Rudolf Ganz Chief Technical Officer

5 Maria Bühler Chief Human Development Officer

6 Hans Hitz Quality Manager (not pictured)

If it appears to youthat we have tur-ned the worldand VSL upsidedown, don'tworry. lt is still thesame world andwe are still thesame solid andreliable VSL whichyou have come toknow and trust.

Graeme Pash Cris Dedigama Frederic Regard Andrew Payne

Headquarters Group

Converting Research into RealityVSL

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restressed pressure tunnels are not new to civil engineering and are a

logical application of the post-tensioningmethod. Existing VSL methods andcomponents have satisfied the needs ofmany projects and will continue to do soin the future. However, VSL has develo-ped a new approach that extends therange of application to higher internalpressures while significantly simplifyingthe site work.

Pressure tunnels are a fundamental partof flood mitigation, hydroelectric powerand pumped storage schemes, trunkmains for sewerage outfalls and watersupply. The lining of such tunnels mustprovide the strength to contain theinternal pressure particularly when thesurrounding ground is weak or lackssufficient overburden. This fundamentalstrength requirement translates to con-trolling leakage that would be a loss ofresource or a source of pollution. Thelining also needs to be durable, lowmaintenance and cost effective.

Post-Tensioned Concrete TunnelLinings Offer Major Advantages

Many factors must be considered whenselecting the tunnel lining. The primarychoice is between thick steel plates andpost-tensioned concrete. Some of themore important advantages of post-tensioned concrete are:

– Steel Consumption: Due to the higherstrength grade of prestressing steelthe amount of steel required for apost-tensioned lining is much lessthan for a steel lining. This can be par-ticularly important in countries whichdo not have their own steel makingindustry or for remote constructionsites.

– Strength and Durability: Post-ten-sioned concrete is well known for itsinherent stiffness and strength.Therefore, such linings do not needspecial strengthening against suddendewatering to prevent buckling. Post-tensioned concrete also is extremelyresistant to abrasion and corrosion.Therefore, maintenance costs areminimized.

Prestressed pressure tunnels offer proven safety and durability.

New VSL Method Improves Constructability of Concrete PressureTunnels

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– Versatility: Post-tensioned concreteallows easy in-situ construction anduse of local materials. It offers flexibil-ity to adjust the composition of thepost-tensioned tendons to matchactual rock conditions. This is an im-portant advantage over steel liningswhich must be ordered well inadvance of actual excavation. Thisadvance commitment precludeschanges during construction.

– Local Labour: The welding and testingof thick structural steel plates is ademanding and skillful process. Incontrast, post-tensioning is an easyrepetitive process which can beperformed by local labour with appro-priate skilled supervision.

Practical Details SimplifyConstruction

The new VSL method includes greasedand sheathed monostrand bundles castinto in-situ concrete linings. The bundlesare anchored in a common anchor headwithin a precast element.

The precast element is produced fromhigh strength concrete and includes allspecial reinforcement for load transferof the prestressing force. It also in-cludes a common stressing recess,starter bars for joining to the in-situ wall,and an invert closure pour. This greatlyreduces the labour content of tunnelconstruction. The elements can beplaced by a tunnel boring machine (TBM)and be fitted with a track system tocarry the TBM, formwork and materials.

The use of pre-cut monostrand bundlesavoids duct placing and grouting. Itcoordinates well with the placing andfixing of a layer of reinforcement. Themonostrand bundles are secured intoposition by special tendon support bars.These bars also support the reinforce-ment.

Stressing operations are only neededalong the invert of the tunnel. There-fore, no scaffold is needed and thework progresses quickly. A simple clo-sure pour finally seals the anchoragezone and completes the lining.

VSL Method Extends Rangeof Application

The diagram on the opposite page givesan overview of the range of applicationof prestressed concrete pressure tun-nels. The new VSL method considerablyincreases the range of application forpressure tunnels up to 12 meters in di-ameter. While traditional methods werelimited to pressures around 2.5 MN/m2

the new VSL Method can handle pres-sures exceeding 3.5 MN/m2. In additionto the extended range of application themethod offers major improvements inconstructability and economy.

Brad Rathbone VSL International Ltd.Berne, Switzerland

The new VSL pressure tunnel method

In-situ concrete liningClosure pour Precast elementMonostrand bundle

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AustraliaVSL

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Post-Tensioning eliminates problemsfor slab on grade floors.

Slab on Grade for Franklins, Richlands (Queensland)

Retained Earth in Australia

SL Australia has been awardedthree major Retained Earth projects

within 12 months of their introduction ofthe system to the Australian market.

The latest project is the Heathcote RoadInterchange located at the western endof the new F5 Tollway which links thesouth west suburbs of Sydney to theinnercity. The project consists of nineRetained Earth walls which form theapproaches and abutments to a pre-stressed concrete overpass.

The longest wall is 250 meters and

rises to a height of 9.0 meters at theabutment. The total wall area of the pro-ject was 3700 m2 and was constructedin a period of 10 weeks.

The foundation material, an alluvial silt,was found to be unstable for the con-struction of the embankments. The VSLRetained Earth System was used toprovide an economic solution.

Neil AudsleyVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.Thornleigh, New South Wales

hen the Franklins food chaindecided to duplicate their existing

warehouse distribution center at Rich-lands, an outer suburb of Brisbane,post-tensioned concrete was selectedby the contractor as the preferredmethod of slab on ground construction.Not only did post-tensioning offer initialeconomies over reinforced concreteconstruction, it also provided the ownerwith greatly reduced maintenance costsfor the projected life of the warehousefloor.

The extension to the distribution centercontains over 22,500 sq.m. of slab onground. It was constructed in 8 pours.VSL installed the post-tensioning andanchorage reinforcement for the projectwith the total floor area being con-structed in slightly under 9 weeks.

The slab was 160 mm thick withbonded slab tendons at 1600 mm cen-ters in both directions. There was noreinforcement in the slab itself otherthan at joints, edges and set downs.

Barry Story VSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty Ltd.Geebung, Queensland

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The VSL Retained Earth System - an attrac-tive and economical solution for difficultembankment and retaining wall problems.

VSL

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Nepean Dam

Nepean Dam safety improved by the world's largest and longest permanent ground anchor.

SL Australia has recently completedthe contract for fabrication, installa-

tion, grouting, stressing and monitoringof high capacity permanent VSL rockanchors at Nepean Dam. Each anchoris fully encapsulated, monitorable and canbe restressed.

The 57 year old Nepean Dam is locatedapproximately 100 km south-west ofSydney and is owned and operated bythe Water Board of Sydney. Recenthydrological assessments determinedthat the spillway was inadequate andthe dam wall did not meet current safetystandards. The spillway is being enlar-ged while the main wall of the dam isbeing anchored utilizing VSL Per-manent Ground Anchors.

Additional strengthening of the anchor-age zone at the top of the wall is beingprovided by VSL Stressbars which areplaced horizontally through the wall. Avariety of anchor sizes and lengths wererequired. The largest anchor had acapacity of approximately 16,000 kN.The longest anchor, at 122.06 m, is thelongest anchor ever installed in Australiaand is also believed to be the longestin the world to date. This record will besurpassed by anchors yet to be installedat Burrinjuck Dam (Australia) during1992.

Mark Sinclair VSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.Thornleigh, New South Wales

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Birth Announcementeto Jenatsch, CEO of The VSL Groupe is pleased toannouce the birth of VSL-Redland Concrete Products

Ltd. the newest member of the VSL family. Born on theisland of Macau on July 25, 1991, VSL-Redland will desingand produce specialized precast concrete products for theHong Kong and Chinese markets.

VSLRedland is an offspring (joint venture) of VSL Engi-neers (HK) Ltd. and redland Concrete Ltd. delivery ofthis newest member of the VSL family was assisted byAndrew Payne and Howard Chan. We are pleased toreport that VSL-Redland is doing well and growingrapidly.

Far WestVSL

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City Center during constructionCity Plaza, "CP4" after completion

wo recent projects incorporatingVSL designed post-tensioned floors

have created a great deal of interest inHong Kong for their speed and effi-ciency of construction

The City Plaza project incorporating twotwenty two (22) storey office buildings,CP3 and CP4, was built by Dragages etTravaux Publics (HK) Ltd. and is in thefinal stages of completion.

The City Center project currently builtby Gammon Construction Ltd. is a thirtythree (33) storey office building. Bothprojects are owned and have beendeveloped by Swire Properties HongKong Ltd.

The City Plaza project incorporates atotal of 70,000 m2 of post-tensioned floor.

The floor structure consists of a shallowreinforced concrete beam around theperimeter supporting a 300 mm thickpost-tensioned slab which spans 11.5 mbetween the edge beam and the corewalls. The City Center project whichwhen complete will have 56,000 m2 ofpost-tensioned floor uses a 235 mm flatslab with spans up to 12.0 m betweenthe columns. On this building, post-tensioning of 6.0 m long cantileverbeams 1630 mm depth) which supporta curtain wall, will ensure minimumdeflection of the sensitive facade ele-ments.

On both projects a VSL alternative de-sign was chosen as it offered a moreeconomical and more constructionfriendly design.

High quality, speed and economy havebeen of prime concern on these devel-opments. The use of VSL prestressedfloors has been fundamental in contrib-uting to all of these factors. It hasensured a minimization of materials andhas allowed the structures to be con-structed with extremely quick floor tofloor cycles using only a single set ofsystem formwork (City Plaza - 4 daycycle, City Center - 5 day cycle).

In addition on the City Plaza the choiceof a prestressed flat slab instead of areinforced concrete beam system, per-mitted an additional floor of office to bebuilt in what is a restricted buildingheight zone.

Duncan Lapsley VSL Engineers (HK) Ltd.Hong Kong

VSL Slab Floors built in Record Time

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compete with steel and precast floorsystems from an economical, construc-tion speed and quality point of view.The large number of ongoing post-tensioning building projects is testimonyto its popularity and acceptance inSingapore.

S.C. Kuah VSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.Singapore

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Even complex building cores can be easily and rapidly constructed with the VSL Climbformsystem.

VSL Singapore celebrate 3,000,000 m2 of Post-Tensioned Slabs

Climbform – A big Hit in Singapore

Strong interest in post-tensioning attractsthe leading construction professionals toVSL's seminar.

ontractors, Owners and Consultantshave shown great interest in the

VSL Climbform for construction of me-dium and high rise projects.

After completion of Alexandra Point andPhoenix Tower, VSL Singapore has nowsecured six more Climbform projects inSingapore.

The popularity of the Climbform is dueto:

– The unique heavy duty working plat-form which enables productivityenhancing features to be integratedat the top working level.

– The saving in cranage due to handlingof materials in bulk (sorting out onplatform).

– The possibility of fast track construc-tion without additional resources.Three to six day cycles are easilyachievable.

– The reduction of labour required forcore construction and unique qualityof finish.

Mark Wong VSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.Singapore

ore than 200 professionals in theconstruction industry attended a

seminar at The Regent Hotel in Singa-pore to commemorate the completionof 3 million sq. meters of post-ten-sioned slab. VSL's commitment to excelin this area with innovative buildable de-signs for fast track construction of bothlow rise industrial and high rise com-mercial buildings has proven that post-tensioning can be used effectively to

an Francisco's George R. MosconeCenter is undergoing an ambitious

construction program that will signifi-cantly expand the convention center.The new underground expansion covers487,000 sq.ft. (45,000 m2). The roof topof this underground structure will sup-port multistorey structures!

The underground spaces required largespans, while the roof top facilitiesproduced a superimposed load of upto 600 psf (28.7 kPa).

A waffle slab with 90 ft. (27.4 m) bays,10 ft. (3.0 m) rib spacing, and a 6 ft.(l.8 m) depth was chosen. As a result,the roof has a structural scale aboutthree times greater than regular waffleslab construction.

Post-tensioning tendons were used inthe waffle ribs in both directions. Up totwo 5-31 tendons per rib were used.

The structure was originally designed tobe constructed in 15 stress segmentswith tendons coupled at each segment.

VSL proposed a construction sequencewith only 3 stress segments. Thissignificantly improved the speed ofconstruction.

David T Swanson, PE.VSL Western, Campbell, California

USA EastVSL

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Huge Underground Complex achieves Record-Breaking Spans

Expansion of Retained Earth Markets

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Giant buried post-tensioned waffle slab spans 90 feet and supports multistorey buildings.

Sanshin of Tokyo, Japan. In Mexico,VSL Western has licensed with GrupoMexicano de Desarrollo, the secondlargest heavy construction company inthe country.

With these new additions to the Re-tained Earth family, VSL Westernexpects to continue increasing VSL's

market share and enhance worldwideacceptance and recognition of theseproducts.

Scott Thompson VSL Western Campbell, California

SL Western aggressively expandedits Retained Earth Wall market by

signing two international licensesfor the system in 1991 and by openinga Retained Earth office in Canada inFebruary 1992.

VSL Western's licensee in Japan is thewell-known construction company,

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Largest Us Seismic Retrofit Project to Utilize VSL Isolator Bearings

newly-developed base isolationbearing system has been selected

for the seismic retrofit of San Francis-co's U.S. Court of Appeals building.After evaluation of several systems andtenders, the General Services Adminis-tration accepted the $ 3,126,000 pro-posal for engineering and isolator supplyof the Joint Venture of VSL Corporation,Campbell, and Earthquake ProtectionSystems, Inc., San Francisco. The con-tract will be part of an approximately$ 70 million retrofit project precipitatedby the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.

The five storey, 350,000 sq.ft. BeauxArts structure will be the largest seismi-cally isolated building in the U.S. A totalof approximately 300 isolator bearingswill be installed between the foundationand the load bearing columns. The ret-rofit is designed to reduce the structuralresponse of the building by a factor of 4to 5 during a major earthquake. Nearly

all of the anticipated displacements willbe absorbed by the isolator bearings,with the building remaining essentiallystraight during an earthquake.

The VSL/EPS system is based upon thefriction pendulum principle of seismicisolation. When the earthquake forcesare below the designed friction forcelevel, the structure responds with smallamplitude pendulum motions, with theearthquake's energy absorbed by thefriction dampening of the isolator bear-ings. The system has been extensivelytested on earthquake simulators of theUniversity of California, Berkeley andThe National Center for EarthquakeEngineering Research at Buffalo, NY.

The friction pendulum system offersseveral advantages over conventionalisolation bearings of high-dampeningrubber or lead core rubber. The sys-tem's design versatility allows the engi-neer to independently choose the

natural period, displacement capacity,load carrying capacity, and effectivedampening to suit the structure. Thechosen bearings are also smaller thanthe rubber systems, and are consider-ably more economical to manufactureand install.

VSL will be responsible for all aspects ofmanufacturing, quality control andcontract administration. EPS will provideengineering and technical services.

Shipment of the isolators to the sitewill begin in December 1992, with ins-tallation scheduled for completion inthe latter part of 1993.

Shane Korfike VSL Western Campbell, California

San Francisco's US court of Appeals building, the largest US seismicretrofit project to date.

VSL/EPS Isolator Bearings will be installed between the foundationand the load bearing columns.

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Roger Bloomfield VSL Eastern Springfield, Virginia

hen the Virginia Department ofTransportation awarded its largest

highway project ever, VSL RetainedEarth was chosen as the retaining wallsystem to support the new accessramps. The project involves construc-tion of several new bridges and widen-ing Interstate 95 south of Washington,D.C. To ease traffic congestion the newlanes are restricted to vehicles carryingthree or more passengers. Two back toback Retained Earth walls support theaccess ramps from a new bridge ontothe high occupancy vehicle lanes.

Since over 65,000 sq.ft. (6000 sq.m.) ofretaining wall face was required withminimal disruption of traffic flow, speedof erection was of major importance.Ease of installation, outstanding projectcoordination capability, and timely deliv-eries were major considerations in theaward of the retaining walls. VSL com-pleted the design and delivery of theRetained Earth system on schedule andhas recently been awarded the contracton the next section being widenedwhich includes 100,000 sq.ft. (9000sq.m.) of walls.

USA EastVSL

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SL recently served as the engineer of record and post-tensioning mate-

rial supplier of a rectangular four cellwaste water treatment facility forDauphine County near Harrisburg, PA.Terre Hill Concrete Products providedthe balance of the concrete package tocomplete the tanks in place.

The outside dimensions are 91 ft.x65 ft.xl 8 ft. tall (28mx20mx5.5m). Thewalls are post-tensioned both horizon-tally and vertically, and the foundationslab has two directional post-tensioning.All elements employ the VSL CP+monostrand system which providesfully encapsulated tendons.

The tank is partially buried. Therefore,the exterior walls are subject to a rever-sal in loading during a tank empty con-

dition. Each cell can be empty or full,independent of the other cells, requi-ring that the interior walls also be desi-gned for loading reversals. A threedimensional finite element analysiswas performed to predict the designforces in all elements for all loadingconditions.

Non-circular concrete liquid storagestructures in the United States havehistorically been constructed with ordi-nary reinforcement only. This projectdemonstrates that the addition of post-tensioning can enhance the economyand durability of non-circular tanks.

Hank Cronin VSL Eastern Springfield, Virginia

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With suitable design, even multicell rectan-gular tanks can reap the advantages of post-tensioning.

Retained Earth fractured fin panels support access ramps from Springfield Parkaway ton Inter-state 95.

Retained Earth Walls used in Virginia Highway Expansion

Post-Tensioned Multi-Cell Rectangular Tanks are a Reality

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to optimize the design of the beams.Design efficiency was further improvedby realignment of some of the mem-bers. This reduced the amount ofconcrete, simplified formwork, and sig-nificantly reduced the post-tensioningand ordinary reinforcing. The savingswere shared by the owners, contractor,and VSL Corporation.

Rafael Puerta VSL Eastern Miami, Florida

he New River Center office complexlocated in the prime business area

of downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida,is a 22 storey structure with 590,000sq.ft. (55,000 sq.m) of elevated floorspace.

When bids were received by the Ge-neral Contractor, the structural framewas over budget. With the engineer'sblessing, VSL proposed a redesign ofthe intricate system of post-tensionedbeams, most of which did not run on arectangular grid. VSL's specialized post-tensioning design expertise helped

A Successful Redesign of Post-Tensioning

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Cooperation from the engineer of record help VSL's redesign provide benefits for Lauderdale's New River Center project.

External post-tensioning permitted theelimination of two joints thus creatinga jointless viaduct which is continuousover 10 spans. A vacuum techniqueallowed complete grouting of even the406 m long tendons from one inlet only.

The project illustrates the usefulnessof external post-tensioning and theexceptional tendon lengths which canbe achieved.

Mario Bevilacqua VSL International Ltd.Lyssach, Switzerland

ince the opening of the N2 GotthardMotorway in 1971, it has been sub-

jected to continuously increasing traffic,a severe climate, de-icing salts, and airpollution. New standards, and the needfor an enlarged traffic deck lead to reha-bilitation and general refurbishment ofthe Hoell viaduct.

Post-tensioning played a key rote in therehabilitation of the 406 m long viaduct.Support zones at the abutments andpiers were strengthened with a con-crete envelope which was post-ten-sioned vertically and horizontally. Thenew deck was post-tensioned withtransverse tendons. The key to therehabilitation consisted of longitudinalexternal post-tensioning of the viaduct.

EuropeVSL

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he Loewenberg Viaduct, currentlyconstructed by a joint venture in-

cluding Losinger Fribourg, will close a

gap in the Nl highway.

The superstructure consists of two12.5 m wide concrete boxes. The total

length of 665 m is divided into 15 mainspans of 40.2 m and 2 end spans of31.0 m each. The bridge follows ahorizontal and vertical radius andstaffs with a 2.4% downhill slope at thefabrication yard, ending with a 0.6%slope. The bridge was designed toaccommodate construction by laun-ching in increments of 20.1 m.

The VSL Heavy Lifting Division instal-led its Lift-and-Push launching equip-ment together with two Hold-Backstrand units. The combination of bothsystems was necessary because thesuperstructure may have to be pushedor held back, depending upon the rela-tive friction on piers and in the fabrica-tion yard. VSL also installed a safetysystem which included emergencypush buttons at each pier and pierdeflection limit switches.

The first superstructure will be finishedthis summer, the second in the sum-mer 1993.

Ferdi Trenkler VSL International Ltd.Lyssach, Switzerland

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The incremental launching method offers improved quality because of shop like fabricationconditions, as well as economy.

VSL's monostrand concept for externaltendons provides the strands with corrosionprotection during fabrication and permitsextermely long tendons.

VSL Incremental Lauching of the Loewenberg Viaduct, Switzerland

Viaduct Rehabilitation with ExternalPost-Tensioning

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The whole roof was moved after eacharch was added. The new roof with afinal weight of 26,000 kN progressivelycovered the old terminal that continuedto operate. Once the new roof was inplace, the old roof could be dismantled.Erection of the new roof structurewithout interruption of the airport termi-nal operation constitutes an exceptionaladvancement in construction techno-logy.

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he assembly of the new roof for Nice Terminal 1 constitutes a techni-

cal premiere. Built more than 30 yearsago, Airport Terminal 1 Nice Riviera hasbeen completely replanned to meettraffic growth. In conjunction with otherimprovements, a new roof structurewas required.

The steel frame roof structure consistsof nine arch-shaped girders 120 m longthat are joined together with beams.The arches were assembled on a format the end of the building then slid later-ally by means of VSL jacks and tendons.The arches rested on sliding padsduring erection.

This unprecedented incremental roof launching project provided a simple solution to a difficult problem.

Nice Airport Roof Slide – An Exceptional Challenge

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Pierre Bron VSL France SarlBoulogne, France

VSL

VSL NEWSI S S U E T W O 1 9 9 0

Published byVSL International Ltd.Editor: Therese Wenger

Könizstrasse 74P.O. Box 7124CH-3001 Berne/Switzerland

Tel 41-31-66 42 22Fax 41-31-66 42 50Layout by comDesign Berne/Switzerland

VSL

FAR EAST SOUTH/AUSTRALIAAustraliaVSL Prestressing (Aust.)Pty. Ltd.6 Pioneer AvenueThornleigh, NSW2120Tel 61-2-484 5944Fax 61-2-481 0160

FAR EAST NORTHHong KongVSL Engincers (HK) Ltd.20/F, East Town Building41 Lockhart RoadWanchai, Hong KongTel 852-520 1600Fax 852-865 6290

NORTH AMERICACorporate OfficeVSL Corporation1671 Dell AvenueCampbell, CA 95008Tel 1-408-866 6777Fax 1-408-374 4113

EUROPE -MIDDLE EAST -AFRICASwitzerlandVSL Switzerland Ltd.Bernstrasse 93421 LyssachTel 41-34-47 99 11Fax 41-34-45 43 22

INDIAKillick Prestressing Ltd.Killick House/Killick EstateBaji Pasalkar Marg, ChandivliBombay 400072Tel 91-22-578 44 81Fax 91-22-578 47 19

VSL Prestressing (Aust.)Pty. Ltd.81 Granite St.Geebung, QLD 4034Tel 61-7-265 6400Fax 61-7-265 7534

VSL Prestressing (Aust.)Pty. Ltd.2, Summit RoadNoble Park, VIC 3174Tel 61-3-795 0366Fax 61-3-795 0547

JapanVSL Japan CorporationTachibana Shinjuku Bldg. 4F2-26, 3-chome Nishi-ShinjukuShinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160Tel 81-33-346 8913Fax 81-33-345 9153

USA EastVSL Eastern 8006 Haute CourtScringfield. VA 22150Tel 1-703-451 4300Fax 1-703-451 0862

VSL Corporation5555 Oakbrook Parkway, #530Norcross, GA 30093Tel 1-04-446 3000Fax 1-404-242 7493

VSL Corporation7223 N.W. 46 th StreetMiami, FL 33166-6490Tel 1-303-592 5075Fax 1-303-592 5629

AustriaSonderbau GesmbHSechshauser Str. 831150 WienTel 43-222-892 02 80Fax 43-222-892 02 80 33

FranceVSL France S à r.l.154, rue du Vieux-Pont-du-Sèvres92100 Boulogne-BillancourtTel 33-1-462 149 42Fax 33-1-476 105 58

GermanySUSPA Spannbeton GmbHMax-Planck-Ring 14018 Langenfeld/Rhld.Tel 49-2173 79020Fax 49-2173 790 220

SOUTH AMERICABoliviaPrestress VSL of BoliviaJaurequi Ltd.Calle Fernando Guachala

2do, Pasaje No 715-B, LaPazTel 591-2-321 874Fax 591-2-371 493BruneiVSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.P.O. Box 33Bandar Seri Begawan 2600Tel 673-2-229 153Fax 673-2-221 954

IndonesiaPT VSL IndonesiaJalan Bendurgan Hilir RayaKav. 36A Blok B No. 3Tromol Pos 3609/JKTJakarta 10210Tel 62-21-571 1882Fax 62-21-581 217

KoreaVSL Korea Co., Ltd.5/F., Yang Jae Builbing261, Yangjae-Dong,Seocho-GuSeoulTel 82-2-574 8200Fax 82-2-577 0098

VSL CorporationP.O. Box 122811925 12th Avenue SouthBurnsville, MN 55337Tel 1-612-894 6350Fax 1-612-894 5708

VSL Corporation1414 Post&PaddockGrande Prairie, TX 75050Tel 1-214-647 0200Fax 1-214-641 1192

VSL Corporation608 Garrison Street #VLakewood, CO 80215Tel 1-303-239 6655Fax 1-303-239 6623

GreeceVSL Systems S.A.18, Valaoritou Str.Athens 10671Tel 30-1-36 38 453Fax 30-1-36 09 543

ItalyPreco S.r.l.Via Olona 1220123 MilanoTel 39-2-48 18 031Fax 39-2-28 10 2111

NetherlandsCivielco B.VRhijnhofweg 92300 At LeidenTel 31-71-768 900Fax 31-71-720 886

Brazil

Rudloff-VSL Industrial Ltda.Rua Dr. E. Th. Santana, 158Barra FundaSao Paulo/CEP 01140Tel 55-11-826 0455Fax 55-11-826 6266MalaysiaVSL Engincers (M) Sdn.Bhd., 39 B Jalan Alor50200 Kuala LumpurTel 60-3-242 4711Fax 60-3-242 9397

New ZealandPrecision Precasting(Wgtn.) Ltd.Main Road SouthPrivate Bag, OtakiTel 64-694 8126Fax 64-694 8344

MacauVSL Redland ConcreteProducts Ltd.18 B Fragrant CourtOcean GardensTaipaTel 853-81 00 77Fax 853-81 00 76

VSL Gorporation370 Middletown Blvd. #500Langhorne, PA 19047Tel 1 -215-750 6609Fax 1 -215-757 0381

USA WestVSL Western1077 Dell AvenueCampbell, CA 95008Tel 1-408-866 5000Fax 1-408-379 6205

V5L Corparation10810 TalbertFountain Valley, CA 92708Tel 1-714-964 6330Fax 1-714-965 3265

NorwayVSL Norge A/SP.O. Box 1734001 StavangerTel 47-4-56 37 01Fax 47-4-56 27 21

PortugalVSL Prequipe SAAv. da RepÛblica, 47-2.° Esq.1000 LisboaTel 351-1-793 85 30Fax 351-1-793 09 01

South AfricaSteeledale Systems (Pty.) Ltd.8 Nansen PlaceTulisa Park 2197Jobannesburg 2000Tel 27-11-613 7741Fax 27-11 -613 7404

ChileSistemas Especiales deConstruccion SAJosue Smith Solar 434Santiago 9Tel 56-2-233 1057Fax 56-2-233 1205SingaporeVSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.151 Chin Swee Road#11-01/10 Manhattan HouseSingapore 0316Tel 65-235-7077/9Fax 65-733 8642

ThailandVSL (Thailand) Co., Ltd.7th Fl., Sarasin Building14 Surasak RoadSilom, Bangrak Bangkok 10500Tel 66-2-237 3288Fax 66-2-238 2448

TaiwanVSL Systems (Taiwan) Ltd.1 Fl. No. 20-1, Lane 107Hoping East Road, Sec. 2Taipei, R.O.C.Tel 886-2-707 7253Fax 886-2-704 0463

VSL Corporation4208 198th Strset, SWLynnwood, WA 98036Tel 1-206-771 3088Fax 1-206-672 3020

VSL Corporation91 -313 Kauhi StrcetEwa Beach, Hl 96707Tel 1-808-682 2811

CanadaCanadian BBR (1980) Inc.PO. Box 37Agincourt, ONT M1S 3B4Tel 1 -416-291 1618Fax 1-416-291 9960

SpainVSL Iberica S.A.Paseo de la Castellana, 117 2° D28046 MadridTel 34-1-556 18 18Fax 34-1-597 27 01

SwedenInternordisk SpännarmeringAB (ISAB)Vendevägen 8918225 DanderydTel 46-8-753 0250Fax 46-8-753 4973

United KingdomBalvac Whitley Moran Ltd.Ashcroft Road, PO. Box 4Kirkby, Liverpool L33 7ZSTel 44-51-549 2121Fax 44-51 -549 1436