Vsl Ssi2000

Copyright 2002, VSL International Ltd. Printed in France – patented.

The information set forth in this brochure including technical and engineering data is presented forgeneral information only. While every effort has been made to insure its accuracy, this information shouldnot be used or relied upon for any specific application without independent professional examinationand verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability. Anyone using this material assumes any andall liability resulting from such use. VSL disclaims any and all express or implied warranties ofmerchantability fitness for any general or particular purpose or freedom from infringement of any patent,trademark, or copyright in regard to the information or products contained or referred to herein. Nothingherein contained shall be construed as granting a license, express or implied under any patents.

VSL–INTRAFOR LOCATIONS V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 STAY CABLE SYSTEM

DESIGN

ENGINEERING

SUPPLY

INSTALLATION

MONITORING

HEADQUARTERS

VSL International Ltd.Scheibenstrasse 70 – BernCH-3014 – SwitzerlandPhone: +41 32 613 30 30Fax: +41 32 613 30 55

www.vsl-intrafor.com

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S S I 2 0 0 0 T E C H N O L O G Y : A N E W C O N C E P T F O R D U R A B I L I T YV S L S S I 2 0 0 0 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M 2 V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M 3

Uddevalla Bridge – Sweden, 1998 Stay cables installed strand-by-strand and equipped with anti-vibration systems.

VSL products and servicesStay cable structures provide owners and architects witha high level of design freedom. As a specialist stay cablecontractor, VSL provides comprehensive technicalassistance from the earliest stage of the preliminarystudies right through to the detailed design andconstruction phases:• consulting service to owners, engineers and contractors • static analysis of the structure • assistance in the dynamic analysis of cable

vibrations and recommendation of solutions • detailed design of the structure with optimised use

of the stay cable system• construction engineering • geometry control during constructionand final

adjustment • method statements for the construction of the

structure and cable installation • supply and installation of stay cables, with

incorporation of monitoring and anti-vibration systems • design and supply of special equipment such as

formwork, launching truss, climbform, etc.• products and services for inspection, maintenance

and repair works.

VSL’s capabilities, expertise and know-how are available todevelop the best-adapted solutions in co-operation with allpartners involved in the design, supply, installation andassembly of cable-suspended structures.

VSL, a specialist stay cable contractor Leader in the field of post-tensioning andrelated engineering, VSL operates as a world-wide network through 40 subsidiaries locatedon 5 continents. Its post-tensioning systemshave been used throughout the world since1956, earning a well-merited reputation fortheir quality and efficiency.

The SSI 2000 system reflects VSL’sdevelopment of stay cable technology toprovide the best solution for ever-changingand complex engineering requirements. Thesystem offers high fatigue resistance, excellentcorrosion protection, cable force monitoring, aswell as strand adjustability, inspectability andreplaceability. VSL can now deliver even fasterinstallation and erection cycles.

Barrios de Luna Bridge – Spain, 1983The cable strands are protected bygrouting inside the stay pipe.

Koshiki Bridge – Japan, 1993 Stay cables 100% prefabricated in workshop.

Ben Ahin Bridge – Belgium, 1988 Rotation of the entire bridge after stay cable installation.

Alamo Dome Stadium Roof – USA, 1993 A typical use of staycables for suspended roofs.

VSL & STAY CABLE TECHNOLOGY THE SSI 2000 SYSTEM SINGLE STRAND INSTALLATION DESIGNING WITH VSL SYSTEMS CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES WITH VSL CABLE-SUSPENDED STRUCTURES WITH VSL VSL NETWORK

VSL LEADS THE WAY WITH A NEW STAY CABLE TECHNOLOGY

Increasing spanning dimensions Because of their structural and economicadvantages, more cable-stayed structuressuch as footbridges, bridges and suspendedroofs have been built over the last 30 years.Potential spanning dimensions have alsoconsiderably increased.Stay cables used to be factory-manufacturedand assembled from parallel or locked coilwires. Then, a high-quality seven-wireprestressing strand was developed forprestressed concrete applications. It is nowused in prefabricated stay cables installed inbridges using heavy equipment. These strandsare placed in a steel or HDPE pipe andprotected by cement grouting. Since the performance of a cable-stayedstructure essentially depends on its stay cable

properties, it became necessary to improve thetechnology and develop new, modern staycable systems able to meet demands such asincreased span lengths and durability.

Stringent new standardsModern engineering is setting stringent newstandards for cable-stayed bridge systems.

Designers and authorities are demanding:• Increased stay cable durability: Critical factors

are corrosion protection, good anchorageconditions, easy inspection and maintenance,replaceability and prevention of cable vibration.

• Outstanding fatigue and static loadperformance levels (200MPa and a 300MPastress range fatigue test for the SSI 2000anchorage assembly and its components).

Batam Tonton Bridge – Indonesia, 1997Package: design, supply and installationof stay cables, deck form-travellers andpylon formwork.

• Improved aesthetics, such as the use ofcoloured cables or the integration ofdamping systems into the anchorage.

Main contractors benefit from optimalconstruction schedules thanks to:• A design which takes into account the tight

interaction between the deck erection andthe stay cable installation.

• The use of light equipment for installationworks, allowing easier operations andgreater flexibility.

• Integration of enhanced durability protectionand easier long-term maintenance, whichcan provide clients with substantial savings.

The VSL SSI 2000 stay cable system isdesigned to meet these requirements.

Sunshine Skyway Bridge – USA, 1986 Cable anchored to the pylon by saddles and equipped with hydraulic dampers.

The SSI 2000 stay cable system is based on theproven VSL stay cable wedge/strand anchoragetechnologies, which have been applied for over20 years. Meeting the most stringentrequirements, it has been used in more than 70 stay cable projects and successfully passedmany full-scale tests.

Easier to useThe VSL SSI 2000 system is easier to use in alltypes of cable-stayed bridge design. It incorporates multiple independent and hard-wearing protection layers to guarantee long-term performance. The system also allows

for easy inspection and, where required, cablereplacement. It meets and often exceeds therequirements of the latest PTI recommendationsfor stay cable systems.The system has been optimised to facilitatecable installation on site. Because it usesprefabricated anchorages, there is no anchoragecomponent assembly on the deck or the pylonalong the critical bridge erection path. Thesevery compact anchorages permit easyinstallation in confined locations inside boxgirders or pylons. Single-strand installation andstressing are standard features of this system. The 15.2- or 15.7-mm-diameter, high-tensile,

7-wire steel strand is the prime element of thisstay cable. It is delivered as monostrand, i.e.greased or waxed and sheathed. The strand isfactory-manufactured to VSL specifications.Either grease or wax is applied to fill the voidsaround wires. The strand is overlaid with atightly extruded HDPE cover. While not requiredfor durability, the SSI 2000 system can, onrequest, be delivered with a galvanised or othertype of metallic coating.

Full individual encapsulationThe individual encapsulation of each strandavoids the risk of corrosion migration inside stay

STRESSING ENDWITH ADJUSTABLE ANCHORAGE

STAY FREE LENGTHWITH DECK CONNECTIONPROCECTION CAP TRANSITION LENGTH GUIDE DEVIATOR

High performance mortar

Transition pipe

Bundle of parallel strands

Guide pipe

Protective filler(grease or wax)

Tightly extruded HDPE coating

15.2 or 15.7 mm dia.high tensile7-wire steel strand

Guide pipeHDPE stay pipe

Bundle of parallel strands

Bundle of strands

15.2 or 15.7 mm dia.high tensile7-wire steel strand

Protective filler (grease or wax)

SSI 2000: VSL STAY CABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR BRIDGEScable areas that cannot be visually inspected.Full individual strand encapsulation is achievedby providing each strand with its own protectiontube and sealing details in the anchorages. Theperformance of the seals can be checked at anytime during the design life of the stay. This special sealing system also ensures fullprotection of the strand during the constructionphase. The SSI 2000 system guarantees that thequality of the factory-applied individual protectiontreatment is maintained over the entire length ofthe strand: from wedge to wedge, and next towedges where the protection treatment needs tobe removed during installation.

THE SSI 2000 SYSTEM'S FEATURES

High fatigueresistance

200 MPa with an upper load of 45%of the stay capacity over 2x106 loadcycles; excellent ultimate resistance

after fatigue testing (min. 95% of thespecified stay capacity).

Increasedcorrosion

protection Factory-applied individual

protection treatment, 50 and100 years design life in the

most aggressive environments.

Fullencapsulation

Each strand separatelyprotected inside the

anchorage.

Compatible with modernconstruction methods

Compact anchorages fully prefabricated inworkshop, no anchorage componentassembly on the deck, single strand

installation with light equipment, easyforce monitoring and adjustment.

ReplaceablestrandsAbility to remove and toreplace individual strandson demand.

VersatileDesigned to receive in the future vibrationdamping systems (frictiondampers) if necessary.

Increased strandprotectionDeviator placed in the guide pipepovides a additional level ofprotection by filtering cablebending stresses along theanchorage.

Economical Faster installation and erection cycles. Reduced maintenance.

Protections for higher durabiltyAnchorage details are designed to filter vibrationand bending stresses in the cable along theanchorage length. The deviator placed inside theguide pipe provides the anchorage with anadditional level of protection from imposed cablerotations. The corrosion protection systems onthe anchorages have been designed to provideup to 100 years of design life in the mostaggressive environments.

OptionsIn its standard configuration, the VSL SSI 2000stay cable system is delivered with its

monostrands positioned inside a black HDPEstay pipe but without any metallic coating. Itdoes not require grouting over the free length.The system can be supplied with a number ofoptions, including: use of metal-coated (i.e.galvanised) monostrands; coloured HDPE staypipe (co-extruded or fully coloured); specialhelical anti-vibration ribs on the stay pipe;stabilizing cables; special anti-vibrationdamper next to one end of the cable, generallyat deck level for easy maintenance anddesigned to provide high performance and easy installation on both new and existing bridges.



STRESSING END WITH ADJUSTABLE ANCHORAGE HDPE STAY PIPE

CONNECTION AT PYLON

CONNECTION AT DECK

DEAD END WITH FIXED ANCHORAGE

F2 H2 mm

L1 min J1 J2 L2 min

G1Ø

E1

Ø E

2

Ø A

3

Ø D

1 Ø D

2

Ø A

2

Ø A

1

Ø B

1

C1

C2

H1 min F1 min

G2

Stay Stressing End Dead End Stay Pipe

TENDON ØA2 C2 ØD2 ØE2 F2 G2 H2 min J2 L2min ØA3 mm TENDONUNIT mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm UNIT

6-12 185 260 177.8/4.5 143 105 35 105 160 950 125/5.0 6-12

6-19 230 335 219.1/6.3 181 120 50 105 180 1,200 140/5.4 6-19

6-22 250 355 219.1/6.3 197 120 50 105 210 1,350 160/6.2 6-22

6-31 280 415 244.5/6.3 222 145 60 105 210 1,550 160/6.2 6-31

6-37 300 455 273/6.3 248 170 70 105 210 1,750 180/5.6 6-37

6-43 340 505 323.9/7.1 276 175 75 105 210 2,000 200/6.2 6-43

6-55 380 550 323.9/7.1 302 195 75 105 260 2,100 200/6.2 6-55

6-61 380 585 355.6/8 321 210 85 105 260 2,300 225/6.9 6-61

6-73 430 650 406.4/8.8 360 210 95 120 290 2,500 250/7.7 6-73

6-85 430 685 406.4/8.8 360 240 110 120 290 2,650 250/7.7 6-85

6-91 480 730 457/10 410 250 110 120 320 2,850 280/8.6 6-91

6-109 495 775 457/10 410 265 120 120 320 3,000 315/9.8 6-109

6-127 550 845 508/11 461 315 130 120 340 3,400 315/9.8 6-127

� Forces are indicated for strand EN 10138-3 1860S7 - 16.0(Euronorm).

� Admissible transverseforce on the standardguide deviator.

� Valid for nominalconcrete strength at 28 days: 45 MPa (cube),36 MPa (cylinder).Dimension must bechecked in case of otherbearing condition.

� External diameter/wallthickness.

� Minimum height of anchor head allows anadjustability of 40 mm.

� Dimensions valid for loadmonitoring/adjustmentwith multi-strand jack.

� Non-grouted stay.

Number Minimumof breaking Force Transverse

TENDON strands load at 45% force TENDON Ø A1 Ø B1 C1 Ø D1 Ø E1 F1 min G1 H1 min J1 L1 minUNIT n kN kN kN UNIT mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

6-12 12 3,350 1,510 50 6-12 190 230 290 219.1/6.3 196 85 30 235 160 1,500

6-19 19 5,300 2,385 80 6-19 235 285 355 267/6.3 241 100 35 245 180 1,750

6-22 22 6,140 2,760 90 6-22 255 310 385 298.5/7.1 261 110 40 245 210 1,900

6-31 31 8,650 3,895 130 6-31 285 350 440 323.9/7.1 291 130 45 275 210 2,100

6-37 37 10,320 4,650 150 6-37 310 380 485 355.6/8.0 316 140 50 295 210 2,300

6-43 43 12,000 5,400 180 6-43 350 425 540 406.4/8.8 356 145 55 305 210 2,550

6-55 55 15,350 6,910 230 6-55 385 470 585 419/10 391 165 60 325 260 2,650

6-61 61 17,020 7,660 250 6-61 385 470 600 419/10 391 180 65 345 260 2,850

6-73 73 20,370 9,165 300 6-73 440 530 680 508/11 446 180 75 345 290 3,050

6-85 85 23,710 10,670 350 6-85 440 540 710 508/11 446 210 80 375 290 3,150

6-91 91 25,390 11,425 375 6-91 490 590 760 559/12.5 496 195 80 385 320 3,400

6-109 109 30,410 13,685 450 6-109 505 610 795 559/12.5 511 215 90 400 320 3,550

6-127 127 35,430 15,945 525 6-127 560 670 865 610/12.5 566 255 95 410 340 3,950

� � � � � � � � � ��

SSI 2000 MAIN DIMENSIONS

STRESSING SSI 2000 ANCHORAGE FOR 125 STRANDS (PAPENSDORPSE BRIDGE)

DEAD END SSI 2000 ANCHORAGE



PYLON

Multistrand�

jack

Jack chair

B

A mini

PYLON

A mini

870

720

Jack clearance for the multistrand jack

Clearance (mm) for cable tension adjustment with multistrand jack.

TENDON 6-12 6-22 6-31 6-55 6-85 6-109 6-127UNIT 6-19 6-37 6-61 6-91

6-43 6-73

A mini 1000 1000 1100 1200 1300 1350 1500

B 490 620 620 780 780 970 970

Jack clearance for strand installation

Clearance (mm) for cable stressing with monostrand jack.

TENDON 6-12 6-31 6-61 6-91 6-127UNIT to 6-22 to 6-55 to 6-85 to 6-109

A mini 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200

SSI 2000, A NEW CONCEPT FOR DURABILITY

Up to 100-year design lifeUntil now, no corrosion problems have beenreported about VSL systems. However, to meetfuture specifications for high durability in themost aggressive environments, the corrosionprotection of the anchorages has beendesigned to provide up to 100-year design lifein such environments. These are defined by the

categories C4 and C5 in the ISO 12944 standard.During this 100-year design life, the firstmaintenance operations on the accessible orreplaceable components will be scheduledafter 15 or 25 years and subsequentmaintenance ones every 15 years. Inaccessibleparts have a protection system for the entiredesign life without maintenance.

Effective corrosion protectionThe procedure to define the effective corrosionprotection for each component of the SSI 2000anchorage was based on:a) Definition of the design life of the stay

cable (to extrapolate the anchoragedurability).

b) Analysis and estimation of the corrosivityof the environment.

c) Analysis of particular parts of the anchoragewhich may affect the choice of the corrosionprotection (e.g. threaded parts).

d) Ability to replace components duringmaintenance operations.

e) Accessibility to components formaintenance works.

f) Analysis of the galvanic corrosion. g) Identification of different corrosion

protection systems with the requireddurability according to the environment.Selection of the corrosion protectionsystems.

h) Definition of the maintenance programmecovering the whole service life of thebridge.

Accessibility of componentsThe components of the anchorage have beenclassified in two categories, according to theiraccessibility during maintenance: • The components that can be replaced or that

are easily accessible: The protection systemshall last the specified design life of the staycable with maintenance operations.

• The components that are not accessible: Theprotection system shall last the specifieddesign life of the cable without maintenance(50 or 100 years).

VIBRATION CONTROL: 3 OPTIONS WITH SSI 2000

The VSL SSI 2000 system is adapted to receivethree different types of cable vibration controlsolutions: • Helical ribs: the stay pipe can be equipped

with external helical ribs (A), (B).• Friction dampers: they can be placed near

the deck and fixed to the guide pipe (C), •Stabilizing cables: they can interconnect

the stay cables.

The stay pipe with helical ribs has to beinstalled during the construction of the bridge.The two other solutions can be installed latershould vibration problems occur. It is howeveradvisable to include certain connection detailsduring the bridge design stage in order toallow installation of dampers or stabilizingcables at a later date. VSL can provideinformation to meet the requirements ofspecific projects.

The SSI 2000 system allows the VSL frictiondamper to be easily installed on the stay cablein case of unexpected cable vibrations yearsafter. The damper can be adapted to suitexisting structures where cables are subjectedto unexpected vibrations resulting from newenvironmental conditions.

(B) Uddevalla Bridge – Sweden, 1998White stay pipe with helical rib

(A) John Paul II (Marta Wisla) Bridge – Poland, 2001Red stay pipe with helical rib

(C) Uddevalla Bridge – Sweden, 1998 Friction damper at installation



Today, bridges are generally designed for alife of 100 – 50 years, and some constraints(traffic, maintenance, concession, …) areincreasing along new structural designs.Since durability is one of the most importantrequirements for a stay cable system, VSL hasgiven special attention to the corrosionprotection of anchorages.

Cable vibration remains a critical issue for thefurther development of cable-stayed bridges.

3 - Individual stressing with AMS control Single strand installation using light erectionequipment – the monostrand jack (F) weighsless than 20 kg – allows strands to betensioned one by one. Today, increasedflexibility of the structures requires more staystressing operations during construction. To meet these requirements, VSL has developedthe Automatic Monostrand System (AMS). Themain control box (G) of the AMS is connectedto the stressing jack and to the hydraulicpump equipped with sensors and transducers.Input parameters of each cable stressingoperation can be pre-set on a floppy disk andloaded in the computer of the AMS. Theautomatic application programme of theprocessor controls and registers all theparameters of the stressing operation. Resultscan be saved and processed for later stages.

4 - Tensioning and final tuningAll stressing operations, including the finaltuning, can be carried out using the AMSmonostrand jack. The final tension of the cablewill be achieved after 3 to 4 operations. The first stressing operation is achieved duringthe strand installation. Each strand of thecable is stressed with the AMS to a specificforce level so that the cable has the force

(A) LIFTING OF STAY PIPE.

(C) PULLING EQUIPMENT.

(E) STRAND DISPENSER.

(G) THE VSLAUTOMATICMONOSTRANDSYSTEM.

(F) LIGHTWEIGHT STRESSING EQUIPEMENT.

(B) ALL STRANDS ARE PARALLEL. specified by the engineer and all the strandshave the same tension. The automatic lift-offprogramme of the AMS detects, displays andcan save the individual strand forces.In the subsequent stressing operations, eachstrand is stressed to the same elongationspecified by the engineer. These iso-elongationoperations are controlled by the AMS sensors to ensure the strands have the same force. Once all cables have been installed, the finaltuning of the tensions is generally combinedwith the geometry control of the deck.

De-tensioningStay installation methods should beengineered to avoid any cable de-tensioning asmuch as possible. When a final de-tensioningoperation is unavoidable, it is performed usingthe compact VSL stay multistrand jack.

SINGLE STRAND INSTALLATION WITH A STANDARD PROCEDURE 1 - Stay pipe erectionThe stay pipe is generally prefabricated on thedeck and lifted with the first strand installed(A). This strand is connected at both ends tothe anchorages and then stressed to supportthe stay pipe. Given the reduced weight of thestay pipe with the strand, this is a quick andeasy operation using light erection equipment.

2 - Pulling of strandsOnce the stay pipe is erected, one or twostrands at a time are pulled through the staypipe, connected to the anchorages andindividually stressed. This installation methodensures that all strands are parallel (B). Thepulling equipment (C) can be placed at the top of the pylon or alongside the pylon if strand installation is taking place at the same time as the pylon construction.For small cable lengths or for more flexibleerection organisation, strands can be prepared,

cut to length and stored on the deck beforebeing pulled through the stay pipe. Thestandard solution is to prepare the strandduring its installation, with the strand coilplaced in a dispenser on the deck (D).

The strand is then pulled through to a workbench (E), near the deck anchorage, forpreparation prior to being pulled upthrough the stay pipe to the pylonanchorage by means of a winch.The repetition in this methodallows a high level ofproductivity.

S S I 2 0 0 0 T E C H N O L O G Y : A N E W C O N C E P T F O R D U R A B I L I T YV S L S S I 2 0 0 0 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M 1 0 V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 S T A Y C A B L E S Y S T E M 1 1


The concept underlying the system is theSingle Strand Installation (SSI). Experiencedtechnical staff will adapt and implement VSLstandard method statements for the staycable installation of any specific project,anywhere in the world.

(D) WORKBENCH FOR

STRANDPREPARATION.

Pin and fork systemFor some steel or composite decks, the stay-cableconnection is designed with a pin and fork system. Thismore expensive design allows the cable to be alignedduring installation, but friction forces preventfree rotation of the anchor duringthe bridge’s service life.



RELIABLE VSL TECHNOLOGY FOR ALL STAY CABLE ARRANGEMENTS

In the process of designing a cable-supported bridge, the choice of the cablesystem is one of the most decisive factors.The cable arrangement at tower level has agreat influence on both the aesthetic andeconomic aspects of the project. Here aresome experience.

Saddle design The design of cable-stayed structures using saddles can be aesthetically attractive. Saddle designs have to comply with the highfatigue and static resistance requirements specified for the anchorages. In some bridges, the saddles are designed to allow forcable replacement. The cable installation methods must adapt to the design of the saddle.

Axial or lateral planes The stay cable can be arranged in one or two axial planes or

in two lateral planes. The distance between the deckattachments must take into account the deck erection

method.The cable size should be limited to allow easierreplacement.

Fan and semi-fan systems In the fan system, the cables are distributed over the upperpart of the pylon. In the harp system, the stay cables areparallel with one another. With the pure fan system, allcables run from the bridge deck to a single point at the topof the tower. Most cable-stayed bridges use the semi-fansystem because of its efficiency and the high level ofgeometrical freedom that it provides. Fan and semi-fanarrangement. To extend the practical span range of cable-supported bridges, a combination of suspension and cable-stayed systems could be used.

Pylon arrangement The shape of the tower varies depending on whether thecables lie in one or two planes. An inclined pylon can bestabilised by back-stay cables. This is an example ofdiversity in design.

Connection below or above the deckFor concrete decks, the anchorage is generally placed belowthe deck. A guide pipe goes through the deck. This pipe canalso be used to receive a vibration damping system.However, access platforms beneath the deck are needed forstressing and maintenance operations. For steel orcomposite decks, the anchorage can be placed above thedeck. This solution makes cable erection and anchorageinspection easier, but it is notsuitable for stressing at thedeck level.

Anti-vandalism systemIn some cases, thestay-cable deckconnection has to beprotected frompotential damagecaused by trafficaccidents,vandalism and fire.Protection detailsvary from oneproject to another.

Minimum clearance Care needs to be taken if the stressing anchorages areplaced inside the pylon. A minimum clearance (l) isgenerally required for the installation and stressing of thecables. Although the recommended minimum clearancebetween facing stressing anchorage bearing plates is about3.5 m, access conditions still have to be considered.

400 4001500

Bridge design with a combined cable system

Val de Rennes Bridge – France, 1998Wadi Leban Bridge – Saudi Arabia, 1997

Wadi Leban Bridge – Saudi Arabia, 1997

Safti Bridge – Singapore, 1995

River Leven – UK, 1995

Kemijoki Bridge – Finland, 1989

Zwolle Bridge – Netherlands, 1999

Evripos Bridge – Greece, 1991

Ching Chau Min Jiang Bridge – China, 1999Supply and strand-by-strand installation of cables (2 400 t), with a 605m-long main span.

Maysville Bridge – USA, 1998Supply of stay cables and technicalsupervision for installation.



River Allan Bridge – France, 1994Supply and installation of cables with waxed monostrands.Stay anchorages above deck.

OVER 90 STAY CABLE BRIDGES IN 20 YEARS

Batam Tonton Bridge – Indonesia, 1997 Design, supply and operation of pylon climbforms. Design and operation of deckformtravellers. Supply and installation of post-tensioning tendons and stay cables.Construction engineering for superstructure construction.

River Ebro Bridge – Spain, 1978 Supply of stay cables, installation in cooperationwith main contractor.

Yichong Yiling Bridge, Hubei – RPC, 2001Supply of stay cable system, erection equipment, stay cableengineering, site management and site supervision.

Foss Waterway - USA, 1996Supply and installation of stay cables.

Pakse Bridge – Laos Production and erection of the precast segmental deck,including: design, supply and operation of casting cellsand launching gantry; construction of cast-in-situ piertables; geometry control; supply and installation of post-tensioning and stay cables.

Do Comboio Viaduct – Portugal, 1999Supply and strand by strand installation of stay cables.Supply of pot bearings and joints.

Sunshine Skyway, Florida – USA, 1986Supply of post-tensioning and stay cables.

Chongquing Maxangxi bridge– RPC, 20011455 tons of stay cables.

Houston Ship Channel Bridge – USA, 1995



OVER 90 STAY CABLE BRIDGES IN 20 YEARS

Centenario Bridge – Spain, 1991

Puente Europa – Portugal, 2002 SSI 2000 for a 185-m-long span bridge

with 30-m-wide prefabricated segments.

STAY CABLE SYSTEMS ADAPTED TO ALLTYPES OF SUSPENDED STRUCTURES



Puente de la Unidad – Mexico, 2003 In a 50/50 JV, VSL will provide project management, complete technical and method support

and part of the production management. VSL Mexico will also supply and install the post-tensioning, and the SSI 2000 stay cable system.

SSI 2000: TODAY’S STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE

Neva Bridge – Russia, 2002Supply and installation of cables.

Papendorpse Bridge – Netherlands, 2002 125 strand-cables designed for future installation of a damping system.

Kien Bridge – Vietnam, 2003Supply of bearings, supply andinstallation of SSI 2000 stay cables.

Cable-stayed structures are frequently used forsmall structures such as short-spanpedestrian bridges. Because of their structuralelegance, economic advantages and level ofdesign freedom, more cable-stayed structuressuch as bridges and suspended roofs havebeen built over the last 30 years. Potentialspan have also considerably increased.

Las Glorias Footbridge - Spain, 1991 Supply of the stay cables andsupervision at installation.

Washington Dulles International Airport - USA, 1996Cable suspended roof.

Riverview pedestrian Bridge, Queensland - Australia, 1992Stressbar stay cables.

Puente Europa – Portugal, 2002 Design, supply and installation of post-tensioning.

Supply and installation of SSI 2000 stay cables.

Bridge over Guadiana River – Spain Supply of the stay cables, supervision at the installation.



Huerfanos Footbridge – Chile, 1997Technical assistance in the bridge design. Supply of

stay cables and supervision at installation.

Ederval Bridge – Portugal Supply of the stay cables. Supervision at the installation.

Liebrüti Footbridge –Switzerland, 1978Supply and installationof stay cables.

Studio Village, Helensvale – Australia, 1994, 2000Stage 1 was built in 1994 (pictured) using stressbar. Final stage

in 2000 was part of Gold Coast Motorway construction.

Arrigorriaga Footbridge – Spain, 1986 Supply of stay cables and supervision at installation.

Trellins Bridge – France Temporary stays during arch construction.Supply and installation of the stay cables.

Borlange roof – SwedenConcrete roof suspended with stay cables from two steelpylons. Supply of the stay cables.

Malley Ice Hockey Stadium Lausanne –Switzerland, 1984 Supply of the stay cables.

Jubilee Fo Tan Footbridge - Hong Kong, 1988Supply and installation of stay cables.

Seonyu Footbridge, South Korea A world’s first in Ductal®

West-Rail Rail Link - Hong KongErection works.

Pot bearings.

Normandy Bridge – FranceHeavy lifting.

World-wide support. Through 40 subsidiaries established on 5continents, VSL operates as a world-widenetwork in the field of post-tensioning andrelated engineering. The group handles all PTworks with its own personnel and equipment,and provides appropriate technical consultancyand support, both during planning and on site.Assistance can range from project planning tocomplete final designs, constuction engineeringand on-site activities.

PT, stay cables and foundations. In addition to Post-tensioning and stay cablesfor buildings and civil engineering projects, thegroup's scope of works covers Deep foundations,Geotechnics, Monitoring and repair, Structuralproducts, and Packages. VSL broadened itsactivities in 2001 with deep foundation and soilengineering activities by joining up with Intrafor.

Company values for adequatesolutions. All companies benefit from the uniqueinternational exchange of know-how within theVSL group network. All managers areentrepreneurs with good knowledge of localmarkets willing to provide adequate solutionsand top quality services to customers.

THE VSL NETWORK

Groene Hart – Netherlands108 columns anchored at a 50-m-depth.



N’Kossa barge - FrancePost-tensioning for special projects.

Marga-Marga project,ChileVSoL® walls for channelling of a river.

Copyright 2002, VSL International Ltd. Printed in France – patented.

The information set forth in this brochure including technical and engineering data is presented forgeneral information only. While every effort has been made to insure its accuracy, this information shouldnot be used or relied upon for any specific application without independent professional examinationand verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability. Anyone using this material assumes any andall liability resulting from such use. VSL disclaims any and all express or implied warranties ofmerchantability fitness for any general or particular purpose or freedom from infringement of any patent,trademark, or copyright in regard to the information or products contained or referred to herein. Nothingherein contained shall be construed as granting a license, express or implied under any patents.

VSL–INTRAFOR LOCATIONS V S L S S I 2 0 0 0 STAY CABLE SYSTEM

DESIGN

ENGINEERING

SUPPLY

INSTALLATION

MONITORING

HEADQUARTERS

VSL International Ltd.Scheibenstrasse 70 – BernCH-3014 – SwitzerlandPhone: +41 32 613 30 30Fax: +41 32 613 30 55

www.vsl-intrafor.com

THAILANDVSL (Thailand) Co. Ltd.BANGKOKPhone: +66 - 2 - 237 32 88 / 89 / 90Fax: +66 - 2 - 238 24 48

VIETNAMVSL Vietnam Ltd.HANOIPhone: +84 - 4 - 8245 488Fax: +84 - 4 - 8245 717

Ho Chi Minh CityPhone: +84 - 8 - 8258 144Fax: +84 - 8 - 9102 596

Australia/Pacific

AUSTRALIA - QueenslandVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.GEEBUNGPhone: +61 - 7 - 326 564 00Fax: +61 - 7 - 326 575 34

AUSTRALIA - New South WalesVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.THORNLEIGHPhone: +61 - 2 - 948 459 44Fax: +61 - 2 - 987 538 94

AUSTRALIA - Southern DivisionVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.NOBLE PARKPhone: +61 - 3 - 979 503 66Fax: +61 - 3 - 979 505 47

GUAMStructural Technologies Inc.TUMONPhone: +1 - 671 - 646 8010Fax: +1 - 671 - 646 8060

Americas

ARGENTINAVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstrucción Argentina SABUENOS AIRESPhone: +54 - 11 - 4393 - 28 07Fax: +54 - 11 - 4326 - 26 50

CHILEVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstrucción S.A.SANTIAGOPhone: +56 - 2 - 233 10 81Fax: +56 - 2 - 233 67 39

MEXICOVSL Corporation Mexico S.A de C.VMEXICOPhone: +52 - 5 - 396 86 21Fax: +52 - 5 - 396 84 88

UNITED STATESVStructural LLCBALTIMORE, MDPhone: +1 - 410 - 850 - 7000Fax: +1 - 410 - 850 - 4111

Middle East

UNITED ARAB EMIRATESVSL Middle East OfficeDUBAIPhone: +971 - 4 - 282 08 03Fax: +971 - 4 - 282 94 41

Africa

SOUTH AFRICAVSL Systems (South Africa) Pty. Ltd.Kya Sand, RANDBURGPhone: +27 - 11 - 708 21 00Fax: +27 - 11 - 708 21 20

Europe

AUSTRIAGrund-Pfahl- und Sonderbau GmbHIndustriestrasse 27a AT-2325 Himberg bei WienPhone: +43 - 2235 87 777Fax: +43 - 2235 86 561

BELGIUMN.V. Procedes VSL SABERCHEMPhone: +32 3 230 36 34Fax: +32 3 230 89 65

CZECH REPUBLICVSL Systemy (CZ), s. r. o.PRAGUEPhone: +420 - 2 - 67 07 24 20Fax: +420 - 2 - 67 07 24 06

FRANCEVSL France S.A. ST-QUENTIN-EN-YVELINESPhone: +33 - 1 - 39 44 85 85Fax: +33 - 1 - 39 44 85 87

Intrafor S.A.ST-QUENTIN-EN-YVELINESPhone: +33 - 1 - 39 44 85 85Fax: +33 - 1 - 39 44 85 86

GERMANYVSL Systems GmbHBERLINPhone: +49 30 53 01 35 32Fax: +49 30 53 01 35 34

GREAT BRITAINVSL Systems (UK) Ltd.CAMBRIDGESHIREPhone: +44 (0) 1480 404 401Fax: +44 (0) 1480 404 402

Intrafor (UK)BRACKNELLPhone: +44 - 1 - 344 742 115Fax: +44 - 1 - 344 742 146

GREECEVSL Systems A/EATHENSPhone: +30 - 1 - 0363 84 53Fax: +30 - 1 - 0360 95 43

NETHERLANDSVSL Benelux B.V.AT LEIDENPhone: +31 - 71 - 576 89 00Fax: +31 - 71 - 572 08 86

Intrafor (Netherlands)AC LEIDERDORPPhone: +31 - 71 - 581 70 22Fax: +31 - 71 - 581 70 21

Asia

BRUNEI VSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.BRUNEI DARUSSALAMPhone: +673 - 2 - 380 153 / 381 827Fax: +673 - 2 - 381 954

HONG KONGVSL Hong Kong Ltd.WANCHAIPhone: +852 - 2590 22 88Fax: +852 - 2590 95 93

Intrafor (Hong Kong branch)WANCHAIPhone: +852 - 2836 31 12Fax: +852 - 2591 61 39

INDIAVSL India Private Ltd.CHENNAIPhone: +91 - 44 859 2538 / 39Fax: +91 - 44 859 2537

INDONESIAPT VSL IndonesiaJAKARTAPhone: +62 - 21 - 570 07 86Fax: +62 - 21 - 573 12 17

JAPANVSL Japan CorporationTOKYOPhone: +81 - 3 - 3346 - 8913Fax: +81 - 3 - 3345 - 9153

KOREAVSL Korea Co. Ltd.SEOULPhone: +82 - 2 - 553 8200Fax: +82 - 2 - 553 8255

MAINLAND CHINAVSL Engineering Corp., Ltd.HEFEIPhone: +86 - 551 - 557 6008Fax: +86 - 551 - 557 6018

VSL Engineering Corporation Ltd.Shanghai Branch Co.SHANGHAIPhone: +86 - 21 - 6475 4906Fax: +86 - 21 - 6475 4255

MALAYSIAVSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.KUALA LUMPURPhone: +603 - 7981 47 42Fax: +603 - 7981 84 22

PHILIPPINESVSL Philippines Inc.MANDALUYONG CITYPhone: +632 638 76 86Fax: +632 638 76 91

SINGAPOREVSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.SINGAPOREPhone: +65 - 6559 12 22Fax: +65 - 6257 77 51

TAIWANVSL Taiwan Ltd.TAIPEIPhone: +886 - 2 - 2759 6819Fax: +886 - 2 - 2759 6821

NORWAYVSL Norge A/SSTAVANGERPhone: +47 - 51 - 56 37 01Fax: +47 - 51 - 56 27 21

POLANDVSL Polska Sp. z o.o.WARSAWPhone: +48 - 22 817 84 22Fax: +48 - 22 817 83 59

PORTUGALVSL Sistemas Portugal Pre-Esforço,Equipamento e Montages S.A.S. DOMINGO DE RANAPhone: +351 - 21 - 445 83 10Fax: +351 - 21 - 444 63 77

SPAINCTT StrongholdBARCELONAPhone: +34 - 93 - 289 23 30Fax: +34 - 93 - 289 23 31

VSL-SPAM, S.A.BARCELONAPhone: +34 - 93 - 289 23 30Fax: +34 - 93 - 289 23 31

SWEDENInternordisk Spännarmering ABSOLNAPhone: +46 - 8 - 504 37 200Fax: +46 - 8 - 753 49 73

SWITZERLANDVSL (Switzerland) Ltd.SUBINGENPhone: +41 - 32 613 30 30Fax: +41 - 32 613 30 15

VSL (Suisse) SAPENTHAZPhone: +41 21 862 80 00Fax: +41 21 862 80 02

Vsl Ssi2000

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