The Kidneys by Anthony Isom, Jr.

• 1.The Kidneys
  By
  Anthony IsomJr
  Biology 120
  

2. Urinary System
The urinary organ system contains organs located within the abdomen.
These organs consist of:
Two Kidneys
The Bladder
TwoUreters
A Urethra
3. What are the kidneys
The human body contains two kidneys one in each upper quadrant
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs.
Retroperitoneal
Renal Capsule- the kidneys outer skin covering
The kidneys consist of two main parts:
Central-group of tubes called calyx and pelvis
Outer Peripheral-Houses the cortex medulla, and medullarypyrmids
4. What are the kidneys
Kidneys are made of nephrons.
Nephrons are designed for filtering out the bloodstream
Responsible for producing urine through several processes called:
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
The Kidneys are participants in the regulation of red blood cells (RBC).
5. Picture of kidney
Medullary Pyramid
Cortex
Renal capsule
Pelvis
Major Calices
http://www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/focus4/ep-kidney.html
6. Functions
Kidneys are responsible for cleansing blood and balancing fluid.
Urine is manufactured to remove waste from the body.
Nutrients and other useful substances filtered from urine are returned to the blood.
7. Hormones released by kidneys
The kidneys release three hormones
Erythropoietin which activates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
Renin is a hormone that regulates blood pressure.
Calcitriol aids to maintain calcium for bones and prevent abnormal chemical imbalances in body
8. An Image of the Kidneys
9. Common Kidney Diseases
Diabetic kidney disease- When nephrons are damaged because of an excessive amount of glucose.
This disease is based on patients with diabetes. Glucose is produced and enter the blood. But with diabetes, the glucose does not break down acting as a poison in the blood.
10. Common Kidney Diseases
High blood pressure (hypertension) damages the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys nephrons.
Damaged blood vessel may not be able to filter out waste products from the blood if a patient is diagnosed with high blood pressure.
If blood pressure is consistently high kidney function will continue to decline.
11. Treatments for Hypertension
Physicians prescribe medications such as ACE and ARB.
According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute advises that patients with diabetes or abnormal reduced kidney functionkeep blood pressure below 130/80.
Also reducing stress and incorporating meditation in daily activities can help lower high blood pressure.
12. Treatments for Diabetic kidney disease
A patient should frequently monitor blood glucose levels to keep it normal.
This treatment can either prevent or delay diabetic kidney disease.
Medications such as angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blocker can alsobe used to prevent or delay diabetic kidney disease
13. Healthy kidneys
In order to keep healthy and productive kidneys try the following
Monitoring and controlling blood pressure
Glucose levels
Follow a low-protein diet
Maintain healthy cholesterol blood levels
Do not smoke
Medications such as ACE and ARB can be prescribed by a physician.
14. References
http://www.bing.com/
http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/kidneystones/KS_urinary.html#kidneys
http://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-health/are-you-at-risk/high-blood-pressure.html#h2
http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/Kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/#points
http://www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/focus4/ep-kidney.html