THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH THE OLD SOUTH & SLAVERY 1820-1860A10Q7.10.30.

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ANTEBELLUANTEBELLUM SOUTHM SOUTH

THE OLD SOUTH & SLAVERYTHE OLD SOUTH & SLAVERY1820-18601820-1860

A10QA10Q

7.10.307.10.30

Essential QuestionEssential Question To what degree was the South To what degree was the South

developing as a distinctively developing as a distinctively different region from the rest of different region from the rest of the United States during the period the United States during the period 1820 to 1860? 1820 to 1860?

To what degree did slavery shape To what degree did slavery shape life in the South during this period? life in the South during this period?

(Consider political, economic, social (Consider political, economic, social and intellectual aspects of life in the and intellectual aspects of life in the South)South)

A.A. The Southern The Southern EconomyEconomy

A.A. The Southern The Southern EconomyEconomy1.1.Primarily agrarianPrimarily agrarian

2.2.Economic power shifted from the Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South”“upper South” to the “lower South”

3.3.““Cotton Is King!” Cotton Is King!”

1860 - 5 million Bales exported 1860 - 5 million Bales exported per year (57% of US exports)per year (57% of US exports)

The The Agricultural Agricultural Economy of Economy of

the the

South,1860South,1860

Changes in Cotton ProductionChanges in Cotton ProductionChanges in Cotton ProductionChanges in Cotton Production

1820 1820 ▲▲

1860 1860 ▼▼

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As a Percentage of All U.S. As a Percentage of All U.S.

ExportsExports

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As a Percentage of All U.S. As a Percentage of All U.S.

ExportsExports

A.A. The Southern The Southern EconomyEconomy

A.A. The Southern The Southern EconomyEconomy

4.4.Very slow development of industryVery slow development of industry

5.5.Rudimentary financial system.Rudimentary financial system.

6.6.Economic dependence on NorthEconomic dependence on North

7.7. Inadequate transportation system.Inadequate transportation system.

B. B. SOUTHERN SOCIETY SOUTHERN SOCIETY (1850)(1850)

B. B. SOUTHERN SOCIETY SOUTHERN SOCIETY (1850)(1850)

““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”[plantation owners, [plantation owners, small slaveowners]small slaveowners]

The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers, tenant [white yeoman farmers, tenant farmers,sandhillers,hill people]farmers,sandhillers,hill people]

6,000,0006,000,000

Black FreemenBlack Freemen

Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,0003,200,000

250,000250,000

Total US Population --> Total US Population --> 23,000,00023,000,000

[9,450,000 in the South = 40%][9,450,000 in the South = 40%]

Southern Society in 1860Southern Society in 1860

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

B.B. WHITE SOCIETY & WHITE SOCIETY & CULTURECULTURE Why did many Southerners support the slave Why did many Southerners support the slave

system when 75% didn’t own slaves?system when 75% didn’t own slaves? Was there a change in attitude re slavery?Was there a change in attitude re slavery? How did they justify slavery?How did they justify slavery? Who did NOT support the slave system?Who did NOT support the slave system?

Plantation House, St. Mary’s, MD Plantation House, St. Mary’s, MD (1830s)(1830s)

Southern Yeoman farmer’s Southern Yeoman farmer’s homehome

Southern Pro-Slavery Southern Pro-Slavery PropagandaPropagandaSouthern Pro-Slavery Southern Pro-Slavery PropagandaPropaganda

CC.. SLAVERY & SLAVE SLAVERY & SLAVE CULTURECULTURE

1.1. ““Peculiar Institution”Peculiar Institution”

2.2. Slave trade - Slave trade - Middle Middle PassagePassage

3.3. Protection under lawProtection under law Constitution – Art IV, Sec 2Constitution – Art IV, Sec 2 Fugitive Slave Act (1793)Fugitive Slave Act (1793)

Paths of the Internal Slave Paths of the Internal Slave TradeTrade

CC. . SLAVERY & SLAVE SLAVERY & SLAVE CULTURECULTURE

4. 4. Slave Life & CultureSlave Life & Culture Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]:

* more emotional worship services; negro spirituals. Nuclear family with extended kin links,

where possible. Importance of music in

their lives. [esp.spirituals]. Slave codes Resistance

Nat Turner “Sambo”

Slave Rebellions and Uprisings, 1800-1831

Slave Cabin and Occupants Near Eufala, Barbour County, Alabama

SourcesSources

Library of Congress – Prints and Photographs Division Library of Congress – Prints and Photographs Division Online Catalog - Online Catalog - http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pp/pphome.html

Library of Congress – African Mosaic - Library of Congress – African Mosaic - http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam015.html

Africans in AmericaAfricans in America – PBS - – PBS - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/rb_index_hd.html