Scabies presentation 2

By: Jasmine StoughBio 108

SCABIES

Kalumet, 11 June 2004

Sarcoptes scabieiSarcoptes scabiei, otherwise known as scabies, is a highly contagious infestation of microscopic mites that affect humans and animals alike. Contracting scabies is more common then one may think, and occurs worldwide. No one is safe from an infestation of scabies because it can affect any race or social class. Scabies can also spread at a rapid pace, and this usually occurs in crowded areas where there is a chance of prolonged contact. (Bandyopadhyay).

Mattos, 2006

History of Scabies Scabies dates back about 2500 years ago

(Scabies Homepage), and was documented all over Europe; however, it wasn’t known as scabies to those who experienced it. In these eras it was known as the “itch”. (Ramos).

In earlier times scabies was commonly found among the poor who exhibited bad hygiene, but some of the wealthiest people also experienced encounters. In fact, Napoleon I was said to have suffered from the “itch” his whole life. (Ramos).

In 1687 an Italian man named Giovanni Cosimo Bonomo had finally discovered the mite responsible for the inflictions. He came across a person who was itching a lot and broke open one of the pustules. He then took the remnants of what was inside the pustule and examined it under a microscope. He did this numerous times to different people, of different ages, and different times of the year getting the same result each time. (Ramos).

David, Jacques- Louis, 1797.

History of Scabies Cont. Bonomo studied his findings until he

was satisfied and then wrote a letter to Francesco Redi who later published in a book the discovery of scabies. (Ramos).

Until Bonomo’s remarkable discovery of this flesh eating mite, people suffered uncontrollable itching and much distress.

The treatment Bonomo found effective was a local therapy, sulphur, which was used up until now. He also realized that the local treatment had to be applied for up to two or three days after the itching subsided because un-hatched eggs could hatch and restart the cycle. (Ramos).

Tsaiid, 20 September 2007.

Different Types of Scabies Clean Man’s Scabies: This is seen in

individuals who bathe regularly, and keep very clean. In this case, the lesions are minimal and hard to see. Itching tends to be not as intense. (Babu, 2006).

Infant Scabies: This occurs in babies and young children, and is often misdiagnosed or mistreated. Scabies will affect the whole body of the child, and there will be a large amount of pustules. (Babu, 2006).

Scabies Incognito: Normally, if a strong type of treatment, such as steroids, are applied then the scabies are masked and the lesions are suppressed. (Babu, 2006).

Infant Scabies

Clean Man’s Scabies

Scabies Incognito-Steriods

Wikidudeman, 2007

Davis, 2010

SCA Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget, 2008

Different Types of Scabies Cont.

Norwegian Scabies: This is an intense case of crusted scabies. In this case, there can be up to hundreds or thousands of mites within the lesions. This occurs commonly in autoimmune deficient individuals, or people who are mentally challenged. (Babu, 2006).

Animal Scabies: Animals are susceptible to scabies too. Domestic pets that contract scabies are liable to pass it on to the other members of the household as well. (Babu, 2006).

Norwegian Scabies

Animal Scabies

Ukster1, 2008.

Tiny_packages,

2009.

Physical Features

Scabies are a certain type of mite. Mites are related to the arachnid family the same as ticks and spiders. (Drisdelle).

Scabies are creamy white with brown legs and mouthparts. “Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis”, 2008.

The adult female is about 0.4 mm long and 0.3 mm wide. The adult male is smaller in both dimensions by one third. Also need a microscope to actually see the mite itself. “Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis”, 2008.

They have no armor, no trachea, and no eyes. (Speare, 2008).Scabies mites have no respiratory system. They breathe through the skin. (Drisdelle).They can be very mobile when not inside a host. (Speare, 2008).They have 8 legs with the two in the front as walking legs. (Speare, 2008).Scabies have “suckers” that allow them to attach to surfaces to walk upwards. (Speare, 2008).GerardM, 2005

Unknown, 1876

Reproduction

o The female mite finds a host and burrows down into his or her skin.

o As the female is burrowing through the host’s skin she leaves a trail of eggs. She can leave two to three eggs a day for up to two months. (Gould, 2009).

o The eggs will then hatch about four days after they are laid. The new larvae grow and shed their outer coat about two times and then become adults. (Gould, 2009).

Haggstrom, 2011

Reproduction Cont.

o After fully grown the adult mites burrow through the skin to the surface to find a mate. (Gould, 2009).

o Males do not dig burrows. Instead, they stay on the skin’s surface waiting for females to mate with. (Gould, 2009).

o After the females mate they return inside the skin where they continue to burrow and lay eggs. Then the process starts all over again. (Drisdelle, 2007).

o The entire life cycle of the mites are 10-14 days, and usually they live for about 30 days. (Gould, 2009).

A picture of a burrow

Geary, 2006

Transmission

Scabies can be picked up by several different ways.

Most commonly is direct prolonged body-to-body contact. This occurs in homes between family members. Even more commonly between people who share beds or are sexual partners. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Sharing clothing or bedding is another form of transmission, but not as common. (Gould, 2009).

Pinprick, 2005

JoshLawton, 2005

Transmission Cont. An individual who has scabies, but isn't exhibiting symptoms can still

spread them without knowing. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Most common place to contract scabies is:

FrotosGov/Ba, 2011.

Ulrichkarljoho, 2009.

Freeformkatia, 2008.

Miss_millions, 2010

HospitalsNursing homes

Child care facilities

Prisons

Signs and Symptoms

Most common symptom is severe itching also known as pruritus. The itching tends to get worse at night or after hot showers. “Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis”, 2008.

May have a pimple-like rash that can affect most of the body or be limited to common sites such as:

Wrist

Elbow

Armpit

Webbing between fingers

Nipples

Penis

Waist

Buttocks

“Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis”, 2008.

Haggstrom, 2011

Signs and Symptoms Cont.

The head, face, neck, palms, and soles are common sites for infants that contract scabies. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Symptoms don’t usually show up until two to six weeks after contracted; however, if someone has been re-infested then symptoms can show up in a week. (Gould, 2009).

In individuals with weakened immune systems mites tend to be present in large amounts, which is commonly known as Norwegian Scabies. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Steschke, 2005.

Health Complications

Scabies is not normally fatal, but if left untreated some serious health issues may arise.

Severe bacterial infections my occur from all the scratching. Scratching tears open the skin and dirt from your nails and other environmental factors can contaminate the wound and cause an infection. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Bacterial infections can lead to inflammation of the kidneys called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Some other complications can be lack of sleep due to the increase of itching at night, irritability, depression, and anxiety.

Diagnosis Diagnosis can be made based of an

assessment of the rash and appearance. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

When convenient, taking samples of the mite, mite eggs, and fecal matter is important for proper diagnosis. These items can be obtained by a skin scrapping or removing them from a burrow with a needle. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Diagnosis should only be made by either a nurse or a doctor because scabies can easily be misdiagnosed. (Gould, 2009).

Dalboz17, 2009.

Treatment The best treatment is with a topical insecticide. (Gould,

2009).

For treatment to work it is necessary to have all members living with you to be treated as well even if he or she is not showing symptoms. (Gould, 2009).

The product to treat scabies can only be obtained by a doctor’s prescription. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

The ointment is applied twice with one week in between applications. It should be applied to all areas of the body from the neck down. It should also be applied to a clean body and be left on for the recommended time. (Gould, 2009).

Any skin sores should also be treated with an antibiotic to prevent a bacterial infection. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

In addition, all bedding and clothing should be washed thoroughly, or sealed in a bag for 72 hours. “Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”, 2010.

Micah & Erin, 2005.

Conclusion

If you suspect you have come into contact with someone who has scabies, or you start to see symptoms it is very important to see a doctor immediately.

Scabies can rapidly spread and affect a lot of people. Scabies is not always a hygiene issue, so don’t be

ashamed if you have contracted the mite.

Be responsible and take the necessary precautions to prevent the people that come in contact with you from getting it.

Work CitedResearch:

Babu, Hanish Dr. “Scabies: The Seven Year Itch”. Skin Care Tips from Dermatologist. Dr. Hanish Babu. 2006. Web. 29 November 2011.

<http://www.skin-care-tips-from-dermatologist.com/scabies.htm>.

Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata. “Scabies”. Tripod. n.p. n.d. Web. 28 November 2011. <http://dermind.tripod.com/scabies.htm>.

Drisdelle, Rosemary. “Scabies mite-Sarcoptes scabiei: An Itchy Contagious Parasite That Lives on Skin and Burrows”. n.p. 10 April 2007.

Web. 11 October 2011. <http://rosemary-drisdelle.suite101.com/scabies-mite-sarcoptes-scabiei-a l 8446

Gould, Dinah. “Prevention, control and treatment of scabies”. Art and Science dermatology focus. RCN Publishing Company. 21

December 2009. Academic Search Premier. 11 October 2011.

Ramos, Marcia. “Giovan Cosimo Bonomo (1663-1696): Discoverer of the etiology of scabies”. Dermato.med. International Journal of

Dermatology. 20 March 1997. Web. 29 November 2011. <http://www.dermato.med.br/hds/bibliography/1998giovan-cosimo-

bonomo.htm>.

“Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis”. MetaPathogen.com/Scabies. Nemose. 2008. Web. 11 October 2011.

<http://www.metapathogen.com/scabies/>.

“Scabies Frequently Asked Questions”. Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. 2 November 2010. Web. 11 October 2011.

<http://www.cdc.gov/parasite/scabies/gen_info/faqs.html>.

“Scabies Homepage”. Stanford.edu. n.p n.d. Web. 28 November 2011.

<http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2005/Scabies/SCABIES.html>.

Speare, Richard. “Scabies”. Bio.net. n.p. 17 March 2008. Web. 29 November 2011. <http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/parasite/1997-

March/002068.html>.

Work CitedImages:

Crispysmith11. The Human Itch Mite. 22 April 2011. Video. YouTube. Web. 29 November 2011.

Dalboz17. Adam’s a Doctor. 15 December 2009. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

David, Jacques- Louis. Portrait of General Napoleon Bonaparte. 1797. Oil on canvas. Wikimedia Common. Web. 3

December 2011.

Davis, Theresa. Infant Scabies. 15 January 2010. Photograph. Scabieshomeremedy.com. Web. 4 December 2011.

Fotos Gov/Ba. Hospital Geral do Estado. 29 November 2011. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

Freeformkatia. Daycare Party. 16 April 2008. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

Geary, Michael. Scabies-burrow. 2 November 2006. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. Web. 29 November 2011.

GerardM. SOA-Scabies. 1 February 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. Web. 4 December 2011.

Haggstrom, Mikael. Scabies life cycle. 7 March 2011. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. Web. 29 November 2011.

Haggstrom, Mikael. Site of Scabies. 7 March 2011. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. 29 November 2011.

JoshLawton. Romanian Family. 26 August 2005. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

Work Cited Cont.Images:

Kalumet. Sarcoptes scabei. 11 June 2004. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. Web. 28 Novemeber 2011.

Mattos, Dalton. Sarna. 2006. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. Web. 28 November 2011.

Micah & Erin. Scabie Poison. 7 November 2005. Photograph. Flickr. 4 December 2011.

Miss_millions. Prison Cells. 1 June 2010. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

Pinprick. Horrible messy bed. 27 November 2005. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

SCA Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget. Woman washing her hair. 7 September 2008. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

Sidnmd. Scabies Mite Live. 3 September 2009. Video. YouTube. 29 November 2011.

Steschke. Acarodermatitis Hand. 4 January 2005. Photograph. Flickr. 4 December 2011.

Tiny_packages. Male fox with possible mange. 2 March 2009. Flickr. Web. 4 December 2011.

Tsaiid. SV308946. 20 September 2007. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 3 December 2011.

Work Cited Cont.Images:

Ukster1. Norwegian Scabies in Homeless AIDS patient. 15 January 2008. Photograph. Wikimedia

Common. Web. 4 December 2011.

Ulrichkarljoho. Last staion nursing home. 7 November 2009. Photograph. Flickr. Web. 4

December 2011.

Unknown. Sarcoptes scabiei. 1876. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. Web. 29 November 2011

Wikidudeman. Rawdealsteriods4. 25 September 2007. Photograph. Wikimedia Common. Web. 4

December 2011.