Rice Consortium Methodology 1-Phase Behavior Salinity Maps for Optimal Blends

Rice ConsortiumRice Consortium

•Methodology

1-Phase Behavior

Salinity Maps for Optimal Blends 2-Static Adsorption

Two-phase titration3-Dynamic Emulsification/Demulsification

Maura Puerto4- 26-2011

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Phase Behavior Methodology:Phase Behavior Methodology: High °C, Variable-hard brinesHigh °C, Variable-hard brines

Salinity Maps for Optimal Blends Best Blend : Foam, lowest possible IFT Injection Composition

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Mapping for Best Blend Selection

1.Triton X200 and IOS 20+ 0342………..90°C , 120°C2. Avanel S70 and IOS 20+ 0342………. 90°C , 120°C3.Avanel S150 and IOS 20+ 0342……… 90°C , 120°C

The mapping is helping on the interpretation of coreflooding test results

90°C

Type IIUndesirable

Type I Desirable

•Surfactant propagation• Foam formation

4Test Sample

90°C

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Type II

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Solubility Map of Blends Synthetic sea water (Ca , Mg) b-C16,17 - 9EO GS and IOS 20-24

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A suitable choice for injection in an EOR process is the 50/50 blend,

IOS GS

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Blank (B) Test Sample (TS)

•Weigh solution , ~ 20-25 cc, into two 40 cc vial•Weigh dolomite powder ~ 0.7-1.2 gram in TS•Insert stirrer in TS and condenser in B and TS•Immerse B &TS in 90°C oil bath•Let B and TS reach test temperature•Mix TS on a stirring plate for 10-15 sec•Return TS to bath Repeat for at least 3 times within 2 days•Let TS to equilibrate _Clear Supernatant_•Titrate 3 aliquot of each supernatant•Plot Data•Calculate Concentration by Slope* Titrant conc.

Procedure _Static AdsorptionSample Preparation

2 mM 2 mM4 46 68 8

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Oil Bath

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REMARKS

• Salinity Maps could be used for fast screening of surfactants for EOR process of variable sources of brine composition for injection and formation brines:

• Reliable two, two-phase titration procedures developed for determining static adsorption at 90°C…

•For mixtures of anionics: Epton’s (Methylene Blue) for Total (A1+A2)

•For anionics+ soaps : Bromocresol for Total (A1+Asoap) and Epton’s for A1

•Rice developing HPLC Procedure for assesing adsorption of individual surfactant in mixture

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END

04/21/23 1104/21/23 11Set B Triton X-200_Enordet 0342 in 50_50 FB_SW and 1cc SLO 90°C .JPG

Example of Selection of Optimal Blend, Bø Triton X-200_Enordet 0342 50/50:FB/SW S-Akal 90°C

Bø

Triton X200 9/1 8/2 7/3 6/4 5/5 4/6 3/7 2/8 1/9 IOS 0342

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Dynamic Emulsification/Demulsification

Maura PuertoTarek Hariz

Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Objective

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Pressure Transducer Card and Computer

HPLCPump

Crude Oil/Emulsion

Pressure Transducer

BrineOil

Frit

One-Pass Emulsification

CV

CV

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At the top :. After Sample 6 collected Sample 1 has being aged for 15 minutes

At the bottom: Samples after 96 hours of aging

Example of One-pass emulsification

29% 3.5% NaCl / 71% crude oil

Rate =7cc/min. Each sample collected ~2.5 minutes.

Red line: volume of brine in samples

Mini-Loop

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Pressure Transducer Card and Computer

Positive Displacement Pump

Brine

Demulsifier

Crude Oil/Emulsion

Pressure Transducer

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Effect of Shear981 sec-1

685 sec-1

Emulsification-Demulsification

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Brine InjectionDemulsifier

Injected

50/50 Water/Oil Emulsion 200 cP

Emulsion withDemulsifier 65 cPCrude Oil

(NMR case)

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Percent Water Cut e = o e k

k = 5.5water cut

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Thanks For Coming

Pemex Chevron

Calculations

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• Calculating apparent viscosity from pressure drop measured

• Hagen–Poiseuille equation

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The Viscosity Of Crude -Oils EmulsionsWilliam WoelflinDrilling an Production Practice 1942

Page 152

” ...the viscosity ratio ( e / o ) for a given brine content is independent of temperature”

e = o e k

k = constantwater cut

Woelflin's correlation http://www.fortunecity.com/tatooine/falcon/502/emulflo2.html

Many computer software for pipeline hydraulics calculation normally assume

Woelflin's correlation for wet oil viscosity up to an inversion point which is usually assumed to be the same (typically 0.6) for all oils. The weakness of this approach lies in the following: •Woelflin's equation assumes total emulsification of the oil-water mixture which is far from the real situation in the pipe. The equation takes no account of the varying degrees of mixing in practice.

•Wholesale application of the equation would lead to over -estimation of pressure loss in pipes.

•It is inaccurate to assume that all oils have the same inversion water-cut. The error in equipment specification due to this assumption could be large, especially for water cuts close to the inversion point. Crude oils generally have differ.

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NMR values % Oil % WaterDrop size

Average m

Top 63.2 36.8 34.8

Bottom 39.6 60.4 31.4

Emulsion Bottom 6.3X Hydrophobic Slide

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