PS177 Mongolia (Carissa Javier)

Mongolian statesmen proclaimed their INDEPENDENCE from China.

• Establishment of a THEOCRATIC state led by the “Bogd”

NOT independent

just

AUTONOMOUS

China tried to scare Mongolia by using military forces led by Hsu Shu-Cheng and he’s Kuomintang troops.

Resistance by pro-independence

groups

Restoration of independence

Provisional people’s government

Powers of the BOGD was limited by the government

Russia seeks to maintain control over Mongolia

Credit granting Training of Mongolian

soldiers Donation of weapons Trade expansion

Modeled after the Soviet system

Death of Bogd Khutagt

Establishment of PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF

MONGOLIA

Nov.25 – Mongolian People’s Republic

Head of state + Soviet counselors = COMMUNISM

First Constitution

Classless society

Elimination of feudal culture

Aristocrats & Religious leaders

Feudal lords

Peasants

Distribution of lands to peasants Removal of titles Application of extreme measures that

attacked aristocrats and religious leaders

Factors characterizing the country:Nomadic and illiterate

people Aristocracy & religious establishments shared country’s wealth

Widespread popular obedience to traditional authorities

MPRP lacked grassroot support

Government lacked organization and experience

Shrinking population = nearly half of the men are inside the monasteries

No industry

Elimination of anyone who stood in the way of communism

Working classArats (small

producers)intelligentsia

Feudal lords

1940 – ECONOMIC REFORMS

1961 - MPRP confirmed that the country had entered the period in which the construction of socialism was being completed.

Increase in population and standard of living

Higher educational and cultural level

BUT

Rise in human rights violation

Reforms in the USSR = direct effect to Mongolia

Jambyn Batmonkh (1984)

Replaced TsedenbaloustedImplemented economic reforms = FAILED

http://asiarecipe.com/monhistorytimeline.html http://www.e-mongol.com/mongolia_history.htm http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2779.htm http://www.mongolianembassy.us/about_mongolia/history.php http://internationalbusiness.wikia.com/wiki/A_History_of_Communism

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