Meat and live animals value chain development: IPMS and partners experiences

Meat and live animals value chain development

Presented at the 19th Ethiopian Society of Animal production Annual Conference

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-17 December 2011

IPMS and partners experiences

Gebremedhin Woldewahid

Acknowledgements

Research and Development Partners Farmers, decision makers MoA/BoARD/OoARD Federal and Regional Research

Institutes/Centers NGOs IPMS-ILRI as facilitator

Presentation outline

1. Introduction

2. Main diagnostic findings

3. Main value chain interventions

4. Results

5. Impact across IPMS PLWs

6. Lessons and challenges

1. Introduction

Traditional fattening:• Traditionally, ruminant fattening common in Ethiopia.• Sale of oxen after plowing and shoats during holidays and

as sources of cash but with little or no investment. Contribution to smallholders income is insignificant, food

insecurity/food aid.

Business oriented fattening: Not very common in Ethiopia

Potentials for fattening of livestock do exist: large number of livestock, high market demand and ecologically suitable

1. Introduction…

IPMS and partners introduced a new intervention approach- system level to make use of the existing livestock potentials

LivestockFattening system

Health

Feed

Breed

1. Introduction…

The new intervention approach-fattening system component integrated with value chain.

Marketing

Processing

Production technology

Input supply/credit

LivestockFattening system

Health

Feed

Breed

1. Introduction…

Fattening system components/value chain integrated with knowledge/capacity development.

Skill developmentSkill development

Capacity development

Capacity development

DocumentationDocumentation

The new intervention approach:

Health

Feed

Breed

2. Main diagnostic findings

• Subsistence oriented production system with little or no use of improved technologies

• High mortality due to disease and feed shortage

• Inadequate input/service delivery system for

vet services, feed, credit and risk absorption

• Lack of knowledge and linkages with value chain actors

2. Main diagnostic findings…Value chain Potentials Limitations

Marketing Local and export market demand for meat and live

Lacks market information and linkages

Processing Live/meat, concentrate/local feed

No information on what consumers prefer for?

Production Availability of technologies on breed type, feed and health

Skills on breed adaptability vs. FS, forage development and vet services limited

Input supply/credit

Large area for forage development, vet service and breed supply

Wide spread forage shortage, inadequate vet services and breed selection

3. Main value chain interventions3.1 Extension

Knowledge EAP/WKC/FTCs Study tours/field days Student thesis

Skills Training participatory market oriented development – gender

balanced Involvement of specialized staff from research, regional bureaus,

consultants, farmers Linkages

Woreda Advisory and Learning committees Fattening and/or forage platforms Business linkages between value chain actors and service

providers

3. Main value chain interventions…

Short term commercial fattening of small and large ruminants (feed lot approach)

Shelter/housing Planted back yard/irrigated fodder grasses & legumes, Grazing area improvements (clearance, enclosures, cut

and carry – individual, communal) Fodder treatment – crop residues, chopping Feeding – supplementary feeding, UMB Breeds – Boran for meat/milk, improved local sheep

breeds (Bonga, Washera) Health – de-worming at start of fattening period

3.2 Production

3. Main value chain interventions…

Forage seed multiplication–FTCs, farmers/private Producers of UMB Creating linkages between concentrate suppliers

and producers Community breeding schemes for small ruminants Controlled breeding in communal and private

herds and bull stations for large ruminants Mass insemination of large ruminants Community based trips control Credit for commercial fattening Community based insurance scheme

3.3 Input/service delivery

3. Main value chain interventions…

Market assessment studies Price information collection/delivery system Linking producers to terminal markets Collective marketing action Cattle fairs

3.4 Processing/marketing

4. Results

Fodder intervention in grazing area successful and resulted in significant increases in quantity and quality of feed resources

Crop residue treatment not well adopted Short term fattening of oxen profitable for

smallholders Short term fattening of small ruminants profitable

but requires medium scale herds (5-10) Credit and community based insurance can work Women can benefit from small ruminants fattening

and can graduate to ox fattening/other businesses

4.1 Feed development: Harvest frequency

Re-growth:

off-season rainfall

High biomass: Adequate moisture

Re-growth: Residual moisture

Jan

JuneSept

4. Results…

4.1 Feed development…Harvesting frequency

4. Results…

4.1 Feed development: Harvest frequency

4. Results…

4.1 Feed development: Starting position (Wo)

Wo

Improved

Traditional

Time (months)

Growth rate

II

I

III

to

4. Results…

4.1 Feed development…Forage quantity

4. Results…

4.1 Feed development: Quality and diversity

Changes in botanical composition: • Mix of grasses and legume species. • The highly palatable forage species emerged

4. Results…

4.2 Fattening uptake and income…LR

Source: Household survey data (2009)Note: a Cash outlay is expenditure on purchased feed, drug, and veterinary services

4. Results…

4.3 Gender and environmentGender Access to communal resources in forage production Use improved feeding (83% ) Breed selection adopted/adapted (68%) using age, body size and sex. Female farmers roughly doubled the sale of sheep (4.6 to 9.4 animals/year) About 90% of the beneficiary women controlled the income

4. Results…

4.3 Gender and environment…

Environment: Ground cover, compaction, more diversity

4.3 Gender and environment…

Environment: Flowers for bees

4.3 Gender and environment…Environment: Gully stabilization, surface/groundwater development

5.1 Fattening uptake and income: LR

5. Impact across IPMS PLWs

5. Impact across IPMS PLWs…

5.1 Fattened oxen

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

Years

Fa

tte

ne

d o

xe

n/y

r

5. Impact…

5.1 Fattening income…LR

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

50000000

100000000

150000000

200000000

250000000

300000000

Year

To

tal

rev

en

ue

/yr

5.1 Fattening beneficiaries…LR

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

15000

17500

20000

22500

25000

Year

Be

ne

fic

iary

HH

s/y

r

5. Impact…

5. Impact…

5.2 Fattening uptake and income: SR

5. Impact…

5.2 Fattened shoats

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

Year

Fa

tte

ne

d s

ho

at/

yr

5. Impact…

5.2 Fattening income of shoats

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

20000000

40000000

60000000

80000000

100000000

120000000

Year

To

tal

rev

en

ue

/yr

4. Impacts…

5.2 Fattening beneficiaries of shoats

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Year

Be

ne

fic

iary

HH

s/y

r

6. Lessons and challenges

Breed improvement system Choice of breeds (local, exotic, cross breed) Breeding system – natural, artificial Approaches to improve natural and artificial

insemination Reduction in mortality through phasing of pregnancy Focus on larger scale commercialized fatteners with credit

and insurance Reduction in diseases through thermo stable vaccines Linking with export market demand

6. Lessons and challenges…

LivestockFatteningsystem

Health

Feed

Breed

Knowledge managementKnowledge

management

Capacity development

Capacity development

Commodity developmentCommodity

development

Research (scaling

out/up)

Research (scaling

out/up)

Thank you!