MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS THE URUGUAY ROUND RESTRICTED MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20 17 October 1988 Special Distribution Original: English Group of Negotiations on Goods (GATT) Negotiating Group on Non-Tariff Measures COMMUNICATION FROM AUSTRALIA The attached communication, dated 11 October 1988, has been received from the delegation of Australia with the request that it be circulated to the members of the Group. GATT SECRETARIAT UR-88-0480
27
Embed
MULTILATERAL TRADE RESTRICTED NEGOTIATIONS … · Meat of bovine animals, frozen Meat of Swine PIQQaT of Sheep or goats Meat of sheep or goats ... MEAT IMPORTERS ASSN MONOPOLY NONE
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
MULTILATERAL TRADENEGOTIATIONSTHE URUGUAY ROUND
RESTRICTED
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/2017 October 1988
Special Distribution
Original: EnglishGroup of Negotiations on Goods (GATT)Negotiating Group on Non-Tariff Measures
COMMUNICATION FROM AUSTRALIA
The attached communication, dated 11 October 1988, has been receivedfrom the delegation of Australia with the request that it be circulated tothe members of the Group.
GATT SECRETARIATUR-88-0480
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 2
NON-TARIFF MEASURES
In submission MTN.GNG/NG2/W/8 Australia referred to the need to
attack the problems of protection on a broad and comprehensivebasis particularly because previous negotiated reductions intariffs have been largely offset by increasing releiance on
non-tariff measures including subsidies.
Our concern is
Secretariat in
the trading system
continued to
started. The
arguably the
viability of
s reinforced by the findings of the GATT
n its recent biannual review of developments
ystem (L/6366) that non-tariff measures haveincrease significantly since the Uruguay Rou
proliferation of NTM's including subsidiessingle most pressing problem threatening the
an open multilateral trading system.
Urgent action is required to e
this trend. In our view, as a
be reached on a framework with
at PUnta del Este could be ach
stabLish
minimum
in whichieved.
in
nd
i s now
a basis for reversingearly agreement shouldthe goals on NTM's set
Indicative List of NTM's
An indicative list of non-tariff measures affecting Australia'sexport interests in significant markets is at Attachment A.
While this list is not exhaustive it illustrates the pervasiverange and scope of NTM's. It is estimated that products
accounting for more than 80% of the total value of Australia's
merchandise exports are affected adversely by NTM's of a
protective nature in at least one major market and in many
cases similar NTM's apply in several markets.
The indicative list of measures
reference to the consistency of
has been compiled without
any measure with the GATT in an
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 3
attempt to demonstrate the overall impact of
recognises that Part C(iii) of the Punta delprovides for the elimination of inconsistent
compensating concessions by trading partners
NTM's.
Este dec
measures
Australia
Laration
without
Australia's Approach to the Negotiations
As outlined in MTN.GNG/NG/W/8, Aust
negotiate reduced overall levels of
part of a broadly based multilateral
Amongst a number ofAustralian industrylevels) the Governme
the remaining quantiativedomestic industry.
ralia is willing to
assistance to industryapproach.
as
steps taken to reduce overall protection to
(including major reductions in tariffnt has announced the complete phase out of
ative import measures designed to protect
We would expect other countries to achieve similarin overall levels of assistance to their industriesby reducing tariffs but also non-tariff forms of as
including subsidies.
Australia is prepared to negotiate bindings in allthe tariff. The extent to which we do so will depe
reciprocal action by our trading partners to reduce
assistance in areas of interest to Australia. We w
seeking binding commitments by our trading partners
tariff and non-tariff measures.
reductions
, not onlysistance
sectors of
nd on
industryi ll be
covering
Australia's Proposals on NTM's
In our vie
NTM's of a
an integra
Australia
framework
principles
w the objective should be the complete removal of al
protective nature over an agreed period of time, as
part of negotiations on market access.
supports the need to establish early a clear
for the negotiations on NTM's. In our view the
and approaches outlined by a number of participants
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 4
in MTN.GNG/NG2/W/15 contains an appropriate method by which to
proceed.
Australia shares the view that without prejudice to rollback
commitments,NTM's negotiations should be addressed at threelevels:
1. Formula liberalization (Formula)2. New or improved rules (Systemic)3. Residual Request/Offer negotiations (Request/Offer)
In some cases it may prove desirable to address particularissues by a combination of the above methods.
Formula Liberalisation
A large number of non-tariff measures are amenable to formulae
liberalization. In some cases the type of formula is likely to
vary depending on the measure. However those measures whichare directly linked to price or have a direct quantitativeeffect could be liberalised readily on a simple formula basis
eg. linear liberalisation by fixed amounts over an agreed
period. An indicative list of measures considered appropriatefor formula liberalisation is at Attachment B.
For price related measures the process could include agreement
on linear reductions over an agreed period in the differences
between domestic prices and prevailing world prices. This
method could be based on using observed or computed import and
export prices (expressed in national currencies) adjusted as
appropriate to take into account differences in quality and
transport.
For quantitative measures the process could include setting a
minimum access level based eg. on apparent consumption levels
with a fixed percentage growth in quotas over an agreed period.
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 5
New or Improved Rules
A number of participants have referred to deficiencies in
existing GATT rules or in a number of the Codes dealing with
these issues.
It is Australia's view that the NTM's Group should consider the
merits of each category of NTM's and whether improvements or
new rules are required on specific issues taking into account
work in other relevant areas.
For our part the most pressing need is to address effectivelythe problems of production subsidies which now pervert world
trade in many sectors including steel, coal and agriculture.
Notwithstanding work on subsidies issues in several othernegotiating groups, an important element of any market access
outcome will be the elimination or reduction in existingsubsidies and improved disciplines.
Request/Offer
Past negotiations would suggest that request/offer procedures
alone are more likely to achieve only very limited results
benefitting only a bilateral relationship. However it is
recognized that in some cases, especially where NTM's are
applied on an ad hoc basis, "request/offer" may be the way to
proceed. In these circumstances adequate arrangements should
be made to achieve transparency in the negotiations and
multilateral application of the result.
Procedures
Many participants have referred to the need to sort measures
into categories if we are to address NTM's on an issues or some
other systematic basis. We support the Secretariat undertakingthis initial sorting and categorization of notifications by
participants.
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 6
Assessment
Ultimately the success, or otherwise, of the market accessnegotiations will depend on the overall level of reduction in
industry assistance by individual participating countries.
Irrespective of what procedures are adopted to fulfill themandate on reducing or eliminating NTM's, it is Australia'sview that participants will need to be able to assess and
demonstrate objectively their own contributions to thenegotiations. We have suggested the Effective Rate ofAssistance (ERA) as the most functional and readily available
methodology for achieving this. We encourage participants tofurther examine this process.
In most cases account will need to be taken of reductions inother forms of assistance which have a trade impact, such astariffs, when considering the contribution of individualparticipants.
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 7
ATTACHMENT ANTMS AFFECTING AUSTRALIA'S EXPORTS - BY MEASURE
HS 4 1 TErvl COUNTR t
Count.rtrade(R/0)
27014 104410541067 '/ 67/.097302
Coal, briquettes, ovoidsCattle or horse leatherSheep or lamb leatherGoat or kid leather
Hot-rolled sheets of non-alloy steelCold-rolled eheots of non-alloy steel
Steol rails for railway track
INDIAINDONESIAiNDONESIAINDONESIA
INDIAIND IAINDIA
ExcPort subsidy(P/R) 0201
020204020405100110011006110i1 1012006
Meat of bovine animals, freshMeat cf bovine animals, frozenMilk & cream, concentratedButter & other fats & oils
Wheat & meslinWheatRice
Wheater. flourWheaten flour
Canned peaches; canned fruit cocktail
Laabel ling
(R)
04050406
1EOZ
1905
200$
Butter & other fats & oilsCheese and curd
Other prepared or preserved meatBread, pastry, cakes etc
Fruits, nuts edible parts of plants
CANADA
AN ADA
AN ADAI NDONESI.A
INDONESIA
IEnglish only.
N TMS
EECEECEECEECEECUSAEECEECUSAUSA
1
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 8
ITEMLive bovine animals
Live awireLive poultryLivQ poultry
treat of bovine animals, fresh
Meat of bovine animals, frozen
Meat of Swine
PIQQaT of Sheep or goats
Meat of sheep or goatsMilk & cream not concentrated
Milk & cream concentrated
Butter & other fate & oils
Cheese and curd
Wheat & meslin
Wheat and meelin
Rice
Wheat or me-lirm flourMalt, roasted or not
Starches; inulinWheat gluten; dried or not
Lupirn seed (fodder)Cane or beet sugarCano or beet sugar
Other sugarsOther sugars
Mol assesSugar confectionery
Fruits, nuts edible parts of plantsFruit juices, vogotable juices.
I TENIApplQQ and pears, freshApples and pears, fresh
Wheat and meslinCommon wheat, meslin
RiceWheat & meslin flourWheat or meslin flour
Cereal grains otherwise workedStarches
Starches; inulinStarches
Wheat glutenSausages etc, of meat, etcSausages etc. of meat, etcSausages etc, of meat, etcSausages etc, of meat, etcSausages etc. of meat, etcSausages etc, of meat, etc
Other prepared or preserved meat. offal etcHam, bacon
Other or preserved meat, offal, etcOther prepared or preserved meat, offal etcOther prepared or preserved meat, offal etcOther prepared or preserved meat, offal etcOther prepared or preserved meat, offal etc
Prepared or preserved fishPrepared or preserved fishPrepared or preserved fishPrepared or preserved fishPrepared or preserved fishPrepared or preserved fishPrepared or preserved fish
Cane or beet sugarCane or beet sugarCane or boet sugar
MolassesSugar confectionery
Chocolate containing cocoaJams, fruit jellies, marmalades, etcJams, fruit jellies, marmialades etcJams, fruit jellies, marmalade PetcJams, fruit jellies, marmalades etcJams, fruit jollies, marmalades etcJams, fruit jellies, marmalades etc
Fruit/nuts. otherwise prepared or preservectFruit/nuts, otherwise prepared or- preservedFruit, nuts, otherwise prepard or preserve.Fruits, nutz edible parts of plantsFruit, nuts etc, otherwise prepared
Fruit, nuts otherwise prepared/preserveoFruit/nuts, otherwise prepared or preser'./e.:i
Fruit juicesFruit ju icesFruit JuicesFruit juicesFruit juices
COUNTRYPORTUGAL
SPAINJAPANSPAINJAPANSPAINJAPANSPAIN
PORTUGALJAPANSPAINSPAINSPAIN
GREECEGERMANY
UKIRELANDBENELUXEENELUXJAPAN
UKI RELANDGERMANYSPA IN
GREECEITALY
GERMANYGREECEI RELANrBENELULIX
UKSPAIN
INJONESIAUSA
JAPANUSAEECUSA
GERMIANIRELAN[-
LIK
POR TUGALB EN EL.U
R
GERiM-ANPORTUGAL
AN
S EN EL.ZTAL-
WlSEfNE
!F.EL.AN:'
MTN.GNG/NG2/W/20Page 19
ITEM
Fruit juicoz, vegetbbl juicQsFruit juices
Fruit juices, vegetable JUiCQSFruit juice
Fruit juicesExtracts. essemces/concentrate6 of coffeeExtracts, essences/concentrates of coffeeExtracts, essances/concQntrts of coffeeExtracts. essences or concentrates of coffeeExtracts, esserocesconcentrates of coffeeExtracts, essences/concentrates of coffeeExtracts, eoence%/concQntratos of coffeeExtracts. essences/concentrates of coffeeExtracts. essences/concentrates of coffee
Ice cream & other edible iceIce cream etc
Ice cream & other edible iceWine of fresh grapesWine of fresh grapesWine of fresh grapesWine of fresh grapesW.ine of fresh grapeswine of fresh grapesWine of fresh grapes
Raw hides and skins of bovineRaw Rkins of sheep or lambsOther raw hide% and skins
Leather of bovine or equine animalsSheep or lamb skin leatherWool not carded or combed
Waste of woolWool & fine or coarse animal hair
Cotton, not carded or combedOther ceramic articlesOther ceramic articlesOther ceramic articlesOther ceramic articlesOther ceramic articlesOther ceramic articlesOther ceramic articles
Laboratory, hygienic glasswareForged blooms, billets. slabs of steelHot-rolled sheets of non-alloy steelCold-rolled sheets of non-alloy steelCold-rolled sheets of non-alloy stesl
Tinmill black plateCoated sheet of non-alloy steelCertain hoop & strip of steel
Strip of non-alloy steel. not coated . etcStrip of non-alloy steel, coated etc
Certain hoop & strip of steelCertn. bars/rods of iron or non-alloy steelBars & rods, hot-rolled, in irreg wound coilOther bars & rods of non-ailoy stselCtn. bars/rods of iron or non-alloy Stee±Ctn. bars/rods of iron or non-alloy steelWorked bars & rods of non-allov steciAngles shapes & sections of nc n-ailov steelAng1es, shapez/Gc-ctnz ir., cn-ai ov St.oei
Wire of iron or non-alloy steelWire oF non-alloy steelWire of non-alloy s eie
.ubt or pipe fitting of iror. or -ee.stranded wi re,ropes,5c3bies of SteelStranded witre, rope, etc or non-aill cjYstStrand. wir., ropes, cables or iron/steelStrand wire, ropes, cables iron/zr.eelScrews/brltz/nuts of iron or steei
Screws. bolts, nuts of steel
COUNTRYBENELUXGREECEIRELAND
UKCGERiNANYGERMAN'-(SENELUX
PORTUGALI RELAND
UKGREECE
EECEECEECEECEECEEC
EECUSA
GREECEBEN ELU X
I TALYGERMvAN v
UKSPA IN
I RELANDEEC
SPAINVYDIAEEC_INDIA!IND IA
SPAINEECEEC
SP A i;t-';RTGAL
P-'jRTUGAL
.A 7ALPt.D TLGAL
IF A i v
cEEE _
EE
1sDA- _ _
N TSISCR
count )
HS #401401401140 114 0 1 64011
4 0 1 6' 0 1 140164016
4 0 1 6
4016
40164016
41014 1 0 24102
4 1044105510151035 10552016914
6914
691416 9 1 46 9 1 4_ 9 1 4
7 0 G 7
7 'A 0 77207$
7 14- t 9
7210)7 2107 2. 1 1721
72^1272127 4:' I 1
7 2 1 2'7213
7214
2.1 6
/ _2 1 7
/ .~ , /
/ _ _4
7 2,I
7 1 7
7 3, I_
/ o/7.3 1 2
7 _, *
7 _ 1
7 3 I
MTN .GNG/NG2/W/20Page 21
ITEMiCopper b3rs. rods, profileCopper tubes and pipesCopper tubes and pipes
Unwrou'ght aluminiumAluminium waste and scrap
Aluminium bars, rods and profilesAluminium plates, sheetsAluminium tubes and pipes
Tubes and piDes of aluminiumAluminium tube or pipe fittingsAluminium stranded wire.. .etc
Lead bars, rods, profiles and wireLead plates, sheets, strip and foil
Lead t.bes, pipes and tubeOther articles of lead
Unwrought zincZinc waste and scrap
Zinc bars, rods, profileG and wireZinc plates, sheets, strip and foil
Zinc tubes, pipes and tubeOther articles of zinc
Hand tools for gardening etcHandtools, viz; spades, shovels
Hand saws, blades for sawsHand saws, blades for sawsFiles, rasps, pliers etc
Handtools (inol. glaziers diamonds) r..e.s.Handtools (incl. glaziers diamoncis'Interchangeable tools for handtooisKnives/cutting blades for machines
Knives anc cutting bladesSpoons, forks. ladies etc.Boilers, steam or other vapourEngines; spark ignition
Spark ignition IC Piston enginesCompression ignition IC Piston arngines
Compression ignition enginesParts for IC piston engines
Pumps ror liquidsRefrigerators, free-ers
Agric, horticult. etc machineryHarvesting or threshing machinery
Electronic integrated circuits etciktach tools by removal of materials by laser
Machine centres for working metalLathes for removing metal
-Mach. tools drilling,boring,nilling metalMach. tools for deburr. sharp. grind. metni
P'adar apparts. radio nravigatnl aid apparats.iR-coption app2rsatus for radio telegraphyReception apparatus for radio telephonyReception apparatus radio-telephony
9032 Automatic. controllng. instrmnts./appliances9032 Automatic controllng. instrumnts./appliances9072 Automatic. controll. instruments/appliances93J03 Other firearms (Sporting rifles etc)9303 Other firearms (sporting rifles etc)9401 Seats9403 Other fvrnit.re and parts
COUNTRYFRANCEIRELANDFRANCEIRtELANDSPIA 11
SPAINFRANCEIRELANDI RELANLDSPAIN
FRANCESPAIN
I RELANDFRANCEIRELAND
FRANCESPAINSPAINIRELAND
EECEEC
N T P1 S(C,R
conlt )
MTN. GNG/NG2/W/20Page 24
N TMSBpec
Importer'(R)
StandardMQeting
(R)
HS #
02067
2204670a
3003
_, 0 ,
30045
30066535
30043006
J414
41&
614506516853265368703
30
640
640
ITEMMeat of bovine animal., fresh
Meat of bovine animals, frozenMeat of swkne
Neat of sheep or goatsEdible offal of bovine animalsMeat and edible offal, poultry
Cheese and curdWine of fresh grapesParts and accessories
Medicaments not in measured dosesMedicaments, measured dosesWadding, gauze, bandages
Pharmaceutical goodsElectrical apparatus
Medicaments, not in measured dosesMedicaments put up in doses
Pharmaceutical goodsSoaps in bars & cakes
Surface active agents, otherFans
Refrigerators, freezersRefrigerators, freezers
Washing machinesElectric water heatersElectrical capacitorsElectrical apparatus
Miilk & cream not concentratedMalt, roasted or not
Canned tunaLeather of bovinQ or equino animals
Sheep or lamb skin leatherGoat or 'kid skin leather
USAJAPANUSA
JAPANJAPANJAPAN
MTN .GNG/NG2/W/20Page 26
NTMS HS # I TEM COUNTRYVRA 0201 Meat of bovine animals, fresh USA
(R) 0202 Meat of bovinQ animals, frozen USA7206 Iron & non-alloy steel in ingots USA72;07 Semi-finished iron products USA,72Qo Hot-roiled sheets of non-alloy steel USA72099old-rolled sheets of non-alloy steel USA7210 Flat-rolled products of iron USA7i1l Sheets of non-alloy steel, not coated etc USA721 '; Strip of non-alloy steel, coated etc USA7213 Bars & rods, hot-rooled of non-alloy steel USA7214 Other bars & rods of non-alloy steel USA7 _i55Worked bar6 & rods of non-alloy steel USA/21i Angles shapes & sections of non-alloy steol USA7217 Wire of non-alloy steel USA7302 Railway or tramway track material, of steel USA
N.E. Measures marked (P) are price relatedMeasures marked (0) are quantity relatedMeasures'marked (R) need stricter rulesMeasures marked (R/O) suit roqueqt/offer
MTN. GNG/NG2/W/20Page 27
ATTACHMENT B
INDICATIVE LIST OF MEASURES AMENABLE TO FORMULA LIBERALISATION