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PREVIEW
Part-1Understanding Motivation and performance Motivation theoriesSelf Efficacy and Motivation
Part -2Social Learning theoryMotivation to LearnEnvironmental factors and Resistance
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PART 1
MOTIVATIONAND
THEORIES
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PERFORMANCE
What is Performance ?Performance model
Perfo M KSA E
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MOTIVATION
What is motivation?
Huitt defines motivation as "an internal state or condition(sometimes described as a need, desire, or want) that serves toactivate or energize behavior and give it direction.
Motivation = direction, persistence and amount of effort expended byan individual to achieve a specified outcome.
How to ascertain motivation of a person?What need he is trying to fulfill?
What type of activity?How long?How diligent?
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MOTIVATION THEORIES
What is a theory ? An abstract that allows to make sense of a largeno of facts
significance of theoriesGuide linesPrinciplesPrediction for appropriate solution
What is a Motivation theory ?
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TYPES OF THEORIES
Types of Needs
Relative ImportanceRelations withinNeeds
Describe how a person
Needs are translated inaction
(to satisfy the Needs)
NeedsTheories ProcessTheories
1. Hierarchy ofNeeds
2. ERG
1. Classical conditioning2. Reinforcement3. Expectancy
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Hierarchy of Need (Maslows)
Self Actualization
Self-Esteem /Recognition
Belongingness
Safety /Security
Physiologal Needs
Contd .. Need theories
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belongingnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belongingnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_actualization8/10/2019 Leader Motivation
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ERG (Clayton)
Existence
Relatedness
Growth
Contd.. Need theories
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NEEDS ND MOTIV TION
a. Unsatisfied Needs > motivates us. Motivation decreases when Need fulfilled.
b. Needs get refreshed/renewed
c. Needs expand
d. Needs conflict (then we choose)
Contd.. Need theories
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Needs and Trg Best training satisfies all types of needs.(physical comfort hunger)
Positive relationship between Trainees andTrainers
Contd .. Need theories
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PROCESS THEORIES
Classical Conditioning. Association of a generalized response to somesignal in Environments
Not existing in the past
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Chapter 3
12
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Food ------------------ SalivationUnconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response
Bell Neutral Stimulus
Food (UCS)-------------- Salivation
Bell -------------------
SalivationConditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response
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Reinforcement Theory Satisfying experience tends to be repeated Behaviors followed by dissatisfaction are avoided
Consequences (-) Reinforcement(+) ReinforcementPunishment
Extinction
Contd .. Process theories
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
3-14
BEHAVIORIST MODEL OF LEARNING
Stimulus Response Consequence
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Reinforcement vs PunishmentDoesn't motivate. Doest guide to desired Behavior
People learn to evade, System can be beaten
If undesired Behavior is rewarding, punishment besevere.( to overpower reward)
Such managers are avoided.(leadership Problems)
Contd .. Process theories
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Reinforcement TheorySuggest that any training must be concernednot only with teaching KSAs but theconsequences of following:-
Learning processOld method of doing jobNew method of doing job
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Contd .. Process theories
Expectancy Theory(Victor 1964) Strength of a tendency to act in a certain waydepends on strength of an expectation
that the act will be followed by a given outcome
Theory focuses on three relationships;- Ex-1. The level of success expected by the individual
Ex-2. Individual belief on outcome if she successful
Ex-3. His feeling about various outcomes + or -. [Valence}
Effort= E1 x (E2X Valence)
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Chapter 3
18
ILLUSTR TION OF EXPECT NCY THEORY
(.5)
(.9)
(.3)
(.6)
(.6 )
(1.0)
(1.0)
(1.0)
EXPECTANCY 1 EXPECTANCY 2 CONSEQUENCES VALENCE
EFFORT
Stay on the job and meetwork loadrequirements
SuccessfullyCompleteseminar
Skills Seen asinadequate
Feel pride andaccomplishment
Recommended forpromotion
Skills seen ascomplete
Fall behind at work;feel overloaded,depressed, etc.
1
7
10
7
1
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SELF EFFIC CY ND MOTIV TION
The belief that I can and will performsuccessfully
A person's belief in their own competence
Very Powerful factor
It is a good predictor of learning
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SELF EFFIC CY
Factors to Estimate AbilityPrior experience
Behavioral models
Others feedback
Psychical and emotional states
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Employee works longer diligently, innovatively
Leader to:-
Inject confidence Set pace setters Establish bench marks If possesses KSAs > train to improve self confidence If weak KSAs > Improve competency
Contd Self efficacy
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PART 2
LEARNINGCognitive vs Behaviorist theoriesSocial Learning theoryMotivation to LearnEnvironmental factors and Resistance
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
That events and consequences are cognitivelyprocessed before:-
They are learnt
Or, influence behavior
SLT has four processes:-Motivation
AttentionRetentionBehavioral Reproduction
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MotivationLearner need determine the attention
Anticipatory learning (w/o real involvement ofbehavior/consequences
AttentionStarts of learning process
Key learning points essentialHow to keep attention focused
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RetentionRetention and loss , both occurThe process
Symbolic CodingCognitive OrgSymbolic rehearsal
Trg design to facilitate retention
Behavioral ReproductionRepeat practicesDepends how practice designed