EE E E E E E E E EE E E EE E E EE EE C EE EE EE E E EE 10000 11200 10600 11000 10200 9400 10000 9600 10200 10400 10200 10200 10200 11800 11600 11800 12200 11800 12200 11800 11600 11800 11800 10400 11200 9400 9600 10200 9000 10400 11000 10600 9800 10000 9800 9800 9600 10200 10400 10000 9600 10400 12000 12000 11800 10000 12800 10400 13000 11800 10600 12400 11800 11800 12200 11600 11400 9800 9200 10400 10800 9400 10600 9800 10400 11000 10800 9600 9800 9800 11000 10600 10600 11200 11200 12200 12000 10800 10600 11800 9000 9600 11000 10000 9200 10600 10400 9400 10600 9600 9400 9600 9600 10400 10200 10200 11800 12200 12400 12000 9400 9800 10800 10600 9400 10200 10200 9600 10000 11000 10200 9400 11200 10400 10200 10400 12200 12200 12000 12000 12600 12400 11200 12200 11800 11000 10200 9200 10200 11200 9800 10800 10200 9800 10200 9600 9800 10200 11800 12400 11600 12400 12000 12600 10200 12400 10400 9400 11000 9600 9600 11000 9200 9600 10200 10200 11000 9600 9400 11200 9800 9800 10200 10000 12200 11800 11800 12000 12400 11400 10200 8600 9800 10800 1 9000 9200 11200 10200 10200 10200 10400 10000 9400 10200 9800 10600 12000 11800 11800 12200 11400 12000 12400 12600 12200 12800 11000 12000 10600 8800 9800 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H o g Ä Q Ä Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R ± 9693 VIGIL RIO Truchas Lakes Horsethief Meadow 158 Rio Medio Rito RANGER D E Trampas AZUL Truchas Peak 10980 Horsethief 153 Creek 9920 Medio 259 CNF Rio 2 Jose Vigil Lake de 12500 12529 11375 NATIONAL de SANTA BOUNDARY TRAIL 256 JOE 153 Jacks 251 NF QUEMADO 12146 TRAIL TRAIL BOUNDARY Rito SKYLINE The Dome 12696 10563 Jaroso Rio MOUNTAINS 9422 158 258 11682 TRAIL 11120 SANTA FE CO 11232 WEST 264 RIO QUEMADO TRAIL 10387 CREEK Falls 10035 BALDY TR Creek Creek 251 PANCHUELA SKYLINE 13102 P E C O S 10241 GRANT BDY 12085 Trampas Lakes 11613 10625 10722 Rito DOCKWEILER Rio Corral PECOS LAS VEGAS 11035 CAPULIN MORA CO TRAIL Manuel 10200 11555 DOME 9221 BOUNDARY MEDIO 263 257 NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO SAN FERNANDO Y SANTIAGO GRANT LAS VEGAS 11509 13024 Rio Rio 10078 TRAIL MOSCA 259 11979 las Molino CAMINO REAL 10910 LAKE Rito 10460 BOUNDARY Pecos Baldy AND CARSON NATIONAL FOREST 156 251 11116 351 12469 BDY 11395 WILDERNESS 10075 JACKS EAST 151 Quemado 153 11129 ESPAÑOLA RIO DISTRICT RIO ARRIBA CO FOREST Rito 151 WILD 11870 10445 243 SIERRA W I L D E R N E S S 153 SARCA Azul TRAIL Panchuela West 11908 FE 155 243 275 TRAIL JACKS FOREST 11816 12290 155 South Rio SKYLINE 155 SKYLINE 10902 Panchuela 151 Rito RIO 231 263 SANTA FE CO C R I S T O 11997 RIO 10712 TRAIL San Leandro Lakes Perro S A N T A F E N A T I O N A L F O R E S T 10487 PERRO MiddleTruchas Peak North 31A Fork RANGER TRAIL 11006 228 DISTRICT 354 11903 PEAK TRAIL S A N G R E DISTRICT MORA CO M O U N T A I N S NORTH 12380 TRAIL 257 REDONDO 10885 31 11600 MEDIO 11410 12015 Fork 164 257 11738 10610 South 11387 9903 QUEMADO TRAIL Quemado 11120 TRAIL 9545 Rito Sebadilloses 10300 11975 Wall TRAIL RIO AGUA 9885 153 TRAIL 10613 11420 TRAIL 243 Pecos Baldy Lake VIGIL 10527 TRAIL 257 10486 151 PECOS 10715 Juan Frijoles 264 Conejo 13066 TRAIL 11656 RANGER TRAIL CREEK North Truchas Peak RITO DISTRICT 155 ESPAÑOLA 352 11821 NATIONAL 10622 245 10197 Fork Azul 11336 RANGER MEDIO Trailriders INDEFINITE 11582 East Pecos Baldy 158 11176 TRAIL 4 39 4 000m 00" 45' 105° 30" 52' 76 79 34 78 79 39 39 39 39 000m 4 4 30" 57' 42' 105° 72 73 75 81 75 39 4 00" 57' 4 4 00" 36° 105° 39 74 39 39 4 4 76 39 39 4 42 4 000m 42' 40' 30" 35° 39 71 39 72 39 N N 35 4 37 4 33 35 55' 36 4 41 4 4 43 4 00" 105° 45' 52' 30" 39 39 39 39 39 80 80 36 4 41 4 38 34 E 43 E 00' 00" 37' 30" 78 82 4 39 81 000m 38 39 40 4 42 30" 40' 30" 00" 36° 37' 35° 39 39 77 39 39 83 39 84 33 73 74 39 39 39 82 83 71 40 55' 4 37 30" 00" 00" 00' 39 77 84 4 3 5 3 0 6 T 3 0 6 T F 3 0 6 T L 3 0 6 T B 3 0 6 T C 3 0 6 T C A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE 7.5-MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) TRUCHAS PEAK QUADRANGLE NEW MEXICO TRUCHAS PEAK, NM Aspen Basin Truchas Peak Elk Mountain Jicarita Peak El Valle Cowles Pecos Falls Sierra Mosca Truchas New Mexico Interstate............................................. U.S. ..................................................... State.................................................... National Forest, suitable for passenger cars...................... County ................................................. National Forest, suitable for high clearance vehicles......................... National Forest Trail............................ Highway .............................................. Gate; Barrier ....................................... Trail..................................................... Unimproved, 4 wheel drive................ Road, Dirt........................................... Road, Gravel....................................... Road, Paved........................................ Road, Unspecified............................... ¥ ¦ ¼ j ¬ k ° 5 101 105 1 0 5 60 79 6 384 n o J 4WD HIGHWAYS AND ROADS Check with local Forest Service unit for current travel conditions and restrictions × Ù GN MN 0°24´ 7 MILS 8°36´ 153 MILS UTM GRID AND 2013 MAGNETIC NORTH DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET DV Grid Zone Designation 13S U.S. National Grid 100,000 - m Square ID This is not a legal document. Public lands are subject to change and leasing, and may have access restrictions. Not all roads and trails on this map are open to motor vehicle use. Check with appropriate officials and obtain appropriate regulatory maps and information. Obtain permission before entering private lands. This map product uses the most current data available in the USDA Forest Service cartographic database. Modifications, updates, and corrections may be made at any time. Print quality is determined by the output device used when producing a hardcopy product. Non-National Forest System lands within the National Forest as of Inholdings may exist in other National or State reservations. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Produced by the USDA Forest Service. Projection and 1,000-meter tics: Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 13. 2015 Full Revision of Forest Service lands Updates to Transportation Updates to Boundaries 2015 2015 This product generated and downloaded on 1/23/2017 ADJOINING QUADRANGLES 2015. Río Quemado de este Lado Río Quemado de aquel Lado Cerco de la Chana Laguna de San Leonardo Río de las Trampas Rincón de las Lagunas? Laguna de José Vigil Picacho del Sur Picacho del Medio Picacho del Norte Río Molino Río de los Frijoles Cañada del Medio Día Valle de los Ladrones Río del Medio Bordo Lajado Río del Medio Rito Cebadillosos Rito Panchuelo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Merced de Nuestra Señora del Rosario San Fernando y Santiago 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 D E G J K L A B C H F D E G J K L A B C H I I F Documentation This project has 3 aims: • To document traditional place names or toponyms used by the Manito community. • To compare those names with those recognized as official by the US Board on Geographic Names and printed on USGS and USFS topographic maps. This comparison reveals the extent to which toponymic silencing (cf. Harley 1988, 2001) has occurred and the linguistic strategy by which it was achieved. • To contest the erasure of Manito toponymy by creating an alternative cartography representing the names of oral tradition. Hopefully this will contribute to the continued maintenance of this body of knowledge. • I mapped some traditional toponyms from written and archival sources including books on local history and land grant documents. • Scholar Roberto Valdez (cf. Valdez 2015) graciously shared 46 place names from his collection and taught me his method for eliciting names in conversation. • As of November 2018, I have conducted 15 interviews, primarily with community elders, each having two parts: - A semi-structured sociolinguistic interview designed to elicit geographical discourse. - A joint mapping task using caltopo.com, Google Earth™, paper and PDF topos. • To date this work has resulted in the documentation of the Manito names of 280+ places; 65 of these places were previously mapped as unnamed. About a fifth of the material is from the work of Roberto Valdez. The Manito Topos Project Comparative analysis • The following linguistic strategies of place name manipulation were found to be in evidence on topographic maps published by the USFS: - intentional lack of accents Rio de las Trampas - standardization of dialect Valle la Piedra vs la Pierda - partial translation Truchas Peak vs Sierra de Las Truchas - full translation Horsethief Meadow vs Valle de los Ladrones - new English names used Trailrider's Wall where Manito names exist vs Bordo Lajado • Many places which have names in oral use remain unnamed in official cartography: Sierra de las Truchas, Cerco de la Chana and Rincón de las Lagunas* are not included on the official Truchas Peaks quad. • Many official names contain mistakes. Río de los Frijoles and Río del Medio are lacking their prepositional phrases on this map. Translated names are also often in error, e.g. Soldier's Creek from Rito de los Soldados. Manito Topos • This map is one of 16 USFS Quads modified to reflect Manito naming practices, covering almost the entire Pecos Wilderness. • These Manito Topos will be made freely available in digital format. Each map will have an interpretive gloss, clarifying the meaning and history of its names. • The Manito Topos Project has a public Facebook page. The intent for this page is to be a venue for sharing the results of this research with the community and for community members to participate in the creation of a more Nuevomexicano map of Nuevo México. Please join us at https://www.facebook.com/ManitoTopos/ or contact me at [email protected] La Sierra de las Truchas A Manito Topo Place name annotations compiled by Len Nils Beké and Roberto Valdez from the traditional knowledge of the people of Truchas, Las Trampas, Córdova, Pecos and La Otra Banda (East Pecos). Edited in 2018 Sierra de las Truchas * The location of Rincón de las Lagunas is as yet unclear, hence the question mark next to the name on the map. Harley, J. B. (1988). Silences and secrecy: the hidden agenda of cartography in early modern Europe. Imago mundi, 40(1), 57-76. Harley, J. B. (2002). The new nature of maps: essays in the history of cartography (No. 2002). JHU Press. Valdez, R. H. (2015). A Case Study in Toponymy: Sampling and Classifying a Tri- lingual Place Name Inventory Found in the North-Central State of New Mexico. DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE CENTER FOR REGIONAL STUDIES &