Instituto Superior Tecnológicowiener.edu.pe/manuales/CicloII/INGLES-PARA-INFORMATICA-II.doc  · Web viewPara formar la negación con el verbo “to be” se coloca la partícula

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICONORBERT WIENER

Manual del Alumno

ASIGNATURA: Ingles para Informatica II

PROGRAMA: S3C

LIMA-PERU

Manual del Alumno

TIEMPO PRESENTE : VERBO TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I (yo)

She (ella) He (él) It (esto)

We (nosotr.) You (tú, Uds) They (ellos)

am (soy, estoy)

is (es, está)

are (son, están)

from (de)

in (en)

England

Spain

Japan

Brazil

Argentina

Turkey

Russia

NOTA :- Para formar una oración se requiere del sujeto, verbo y complemento.

NEGATIVE FORM

I

She He

We

'm not (no soy o estoy)

isn't (no es o no está)

aren't (no somos, no estamos)

Spanish

English from Paris

Hungry Tired

NOTA :- Para formar la negación con el verbo “to be” se coloca la partícula negativa “not” detrás del

verbo.- La abreviación del verbo “to be” en su forma negativa consiste en unir el verbo “is” o “are”

a la negaciión “not” y sustituir la “o” de “not” por un apóstrofe.

YES / NO QUESTIONS :

Questions Positive Answer Negative Answer

Am I English ?

you Are we ... ? they

he Is she ... ? It

Yes, you are.

I am. Yes, we are. They

he Yes, she is. It

No, you aren´t.

I ´m not. No, we aren´t. they

he No, she isn’t. It

NOTA :

- La interrogación se forma colocando el verbo “to be” (am, is, are) delante del sujeto.

2

Manual del Alumno

- En inglés es muy frecuente el empleo de respuestas breves. Si la respuesta es afirmativa se emplea el sujeto y el verbo precedidos de YesEjemplo : Is he a doctor? Are they students?

Yes, he is. Yes, they are.

- Si la respuesta es negativa, se emplea el sujeto y el verbo en su forma abreviada, precedidos de NoEjemplo : Is Sally a secretary? Are Henry and Bill engineers?

No, she isn’t. No, they aren’t.

INFORMATION QUESTIONS :

Where (dónde) When (cuándo) What nationality (qué nacional) Who (quién)

Is Are are am

laboratory B? your parents' birthdays? you? I ?

NOTA :- Para realizar una pregunta de información se coloca la pregunta de información (Wh...),

el verbo “to be” y el complemento.

TIEMPO PRESENTE - OTROS VERBOS

3

Manual del Alumno

POSITIVE

I You We They__________ He She It

Live ____________

lives

in London

NOTA :

- El verbo empleado en la tercera persona del singular del presente habitual toma siempre una “s”Ejemplo : He writes

It works

- Si el verbo termina en “o”, “ch”, “sh” se agrega “es”Ejemplo : She washes the clothes

Peter goes to the library.Mrs. Cooper watches tv. In the evening.

- Si el verbo termina en “y”, dicha “y” cambia a “i” y se añade “es”Ejemplo : Mr. Cooper studies computer science.

NEGATIVE

I You We They___________ She He It

don't

________________

doesn’t

live in Oxford.

NOTA :

- Para formar una oración negativa se emplea el sujeto, el auxiliar “don’t” o “doesn’t”, el verbo en su forma original (sin “s” en la tercera persona) y el complemento.

QUESTION

Do_________ Does

You They________ she he it

live in south London?

NOTA :

4

Manual del Alumno

- Para formular una oración interrogativa, se anteponen al sujeto los auxiliares “do” o “does” y se omite la “s” del verbo de la tercera persona.

- El auxiliar “does” se emplea sólo para la tercera persona en singular.

SHORT ANSWERS

Yes,

I We They_____________ she he it

do.

_________ does.

No,

I We They____________ she he it

don't

_________ doesn't.

NOTA :

- En inglés es muy frecuente el empleo de una respuesta breve. Si la respuesta es afirmativa, se emplea el sujeto y el auxiliar precedidos de “yes” . Si la respuesta es negativa, se emplea el sujeto y el auxiliar precedidos de “no” .

INFORMATION QUESTIONS

Where

Do___________ does

you they__________ she he

live?

NOTA :

- Para formular preguntas de información se emplea la pregunta (Wh...), el auxiliar (“do” o “does”), el sujeto y el complemento.

DESCRIPCIONES

5

Manual del Alumno

THERE IS... / THERE ARE ...( Hay ... )

SENTENCES

Positive Negative There is a computer. (Hay una computadora)

There isn't a computer. (No hay una computadora)

There are two printers. (Hay dos impresoras)

There aren’t two printers. (No hay dos impresoras)

NOTA :

- La forma “hay” del verbo “haber” se traduce al inglés por “ there is ” cuando le sigue un complemento en singular y por “ there are ” cuando le sigue un complemento en plural.

- Para formar una oración negativa, se agrega la negación “not” ya sea en forma completa o abreviada “n’t”

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS :

Question Positive Short Answer Negative Short Answer

Is there an error message?

Is there a t.v. in the office?

Are there any disks?

Are there any students?

Yes, there is.

Yes, there is.

Yes, there are.

Yes, there are.

No, there isn't.

No, there isn't.

No, there aren't.

No, there aren't.

NOTA :

- La interrogación del verbo “haber” ( ¿hay? ) se forma colocando “is” o “are” delante de “there”Ejemplo : There is a computer in the office (Hay una computadora en la oficina)

Is there a computer in the office? (¿Hay una computadora en la oficina?)

- En la interrogación se emplea “any” como plural del artículo “a” o “an”. “Any” no suele traducirse al español.Ejemplo : Are there any books about computers? (¿Hay libros sobre computadoras?)

- En las respuestas breves afirmativas se antepone “yes” a “ there is” o “ there are “.Ejemplo : Is there a printer in this room? Are there any computers?

Yes, there is. Yes, there are.

- En las respuestas breves negativas se antepone “no” a “there isn’t “ o “there aren’t” Ejemplo : Is there a printer? Are there any scanners?

No, there isn’t No, there aren’t.HOW MANY ...?

(¿Cuántos?)

Ejemplo :

6

Manual del Alumno

How many windows are there in your classroom?(¿Cuántas ventanas hay en tu salón?)

How many computers are there in the laboratory?(¿Cuántas computadoras hay en el laboratorio?)

EXERCISES

I. Describe your classroom:

1. How many students are there in your classroom?2. How many desks are there in your classroom?3. How many boards are there?4. How many fans are there?5. How many teachers are there?6. How many computers are there in your classroom?7. How many windows are there?8. How many doors are there?9. How many male students are there in your class?10. How many female students are there?

II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of “ there is / are”.

1. There is a beautiful park near our house.2. ............... .... three people from Kuwait in our class.3 .................... any good restaurants in this town?4 .................... a coffee machine in this building?

No, ...............5 .................... some more chairs in the classroom?6 .................... a telephone in front of the hall.7 .................... any interesting people in your class?

III. Look at the information in the box and write sentences with There is/ There are.

Golf course Yes Swimming pool No Hospital Yes Movie theaters Yes (two) University No Big hotels No Park Yes

Springfield is a small town: a. There is a golf course in Springfield. b. _______________________________________________c. _______________________________________________d. _______________________________________________e. _______________________________________________f. _______________________________________________

IV. Look at the picture and write sentences. Use “There is .../ There are ...

1. There is a woman in the bedroom.

7

Manual del Alumno

2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________5. _____________________________________

V. Write “ there is / there are “ in the blanks

1. .................................. a lot of interesting programs for this computer.2. .................................. very little RAM memory free after you load the program.3. .................................. many reasons for using a word processor.4. ................................. a special offer for that model this month.5................................... 10 special function keys on this keyboard.6................................... 1,000 bytes in a kilobyte.7.................................. some free space on this disk.

VI. Write sentences with “ there are ...” . Choose the right number

7 9 26 30 50 60

1. (days / a week). There are seven days in a week. 2. (states / the USA) ..........................................................................................................3. (minutes / hour) ............................................................................................................. 4. (planets / the solar system) ............................................................................................ 5. (letters / the English alphabet) ....................................................................................... 6. (days /September) ........................................................................................................

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE(Presente Progresivo)

8

Manual del Alumno

Present Continuous

Full Form Abrev. Form

I am I ' m Yo estoy ... You are You ' re Tú estás ... He is He ' s El está ... She is working She's working Ella está ... trabajando It is It's Esto está ... We are We ' re Nosotros estamos ... You are You ' re Uds. están ... They are They ' re Ellos están ...

NOTA :

El presente continuo se emplea para indicar una acción que se realiza en el momento de hablar. Se forma mediante el verbo “to be” seguido del verbo que se desea conjugar terminado en “ing”.Ejemplo : I’m writing a report. ( Yo estoy escribiendo un reporte)

He is reading a book. ( El está leyendo un libro)

The present continuous is used to express :(El presente continuo es usado para expresar : ) - Present activities : They are watching T.V.

(Actividades actuales) Ellos están viendo televisión

- Temporary activities : I 'm learning to drive a car.(Actividades temporales) : Estoy aprendiendo a manejar un carro.

- Future arrangements : What are you doing next weekend?(planes futuros) ¿Qué harás la próxima semana?

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

I ' m Not He She Isn ' t writing. You We They

aren ' t

NOTA ;

Para negar se coloca “not” después del verbo “to be”.

QUESTION :

Am I You

9

Manual del Alumno

Are We They Writing?

Is

He She It

NOTA :Cuando el verbo se halla en presente continuo, se antepone el verbo “to be” delante del sujeto para interrogar.

SHORT ANSWERS :

Positive Negative

You are . You aren ‘t .

I am. I ' m not .

Yes, We They are. No,

We They aren’t

He She is. It

He She isn’t It

NOTA :

El Presente progresivo se forma colocando el verbo “to be” y añadiendo la terminación “ing” al verbo que desea conjugar.- Los verbos cuyo infinitivo terminan en “e” pierden esta vocal cuando se les añade la

terminación “ing”. Ejemplo : come coming

Smoke smokingWrite writing

- Los verbos monosílabos terminados en consonante sencilla precedida de una sola vocal, doblan dicha consonante cuando se les añade la terminación “ing” Ejemplo : run running

Sit sittingSwim swimming

- Los verbos monosílabos terminados en vocal “e” transforman dicha vocal a “y” para añadir la terminación “ing”Ejemplo : Lie liying

Die diying

EXERCISES

I. Write the “ –ing” form of the verbs in the correct columns (Escribe la forma “–ing” de los verbos in la columna correcta)

Drive use walk playCycle close start stopEnd finish leave arriveWatch learn clean putOpen go do haveMake read write listenGet run swim ski

+ ing - e + ing Double consonant + ing

10

Manual del Alumno

Opening Making Getting

II. Write true sentences.. What’s happening right now?

1. ( I / wash / my hair) I ' m not washing my hair. 2. ( it / snow) __________________________________________________________3. ( I / sit / on a chair) ___________________________________________________4. ( I / eat) ____________________________________________________________5. ( it / rain ) ___________________________________________________________ 6. ( I / do / this exercise) _________________________________________________ 7. ( I / listen / to the radio) ________________________________________________ 8. ( the sun / shine) _____________________________________________________ 9. ( I / wear / shoes) _____________________________________________________ 10. ( I / read / a newspaper ) _______________________________________________

III. Use a verb and an object to write sentences using “he” or “she” in the present continuous tense.(Usar un verbo y un objeto para escribir oraciones usando “he” o “she” en el tiempo presente continuo)

VERBS : write - read - listen to - clean - have - go

OBJECTS : the radio - a letter - a book - the news - to bed Lunch - the windows

Example: She ' s writing a letter. 1.................................................................................................................2.................................................................................................................3................................................................................................................4................................................................................................................5...............................................................................................................6...............................................................................................................7................................................................................................................

IV. Translate these paragraphs into Spanish :

1. This means that when you are working on the design of a form, you can select any control and drag it to another location on the form.

2. The company accountant is checking a monthly phone bill and needs to know who has extension 352.

3. When you move a control or change its color, you ' re setting and changing properties of the control.

4. If you are using this type of printer, you can take full advantage of this feature and increase printing speed dramatically.

11

Manual del Alumno

WHAT IS ... / ARE DOING?(¿Qué está haciendo?)

Example :

What is Mr. Cooper doing?He is sending a fax.

What are the secretaries doing?They are typing letters

What are you doing?I’m reading a book

I. Look at the pictures. Then ask and answer.(Mira las fotos. Luego pregunta y responde):

1. What are they doing?They are dancing.

2. What is she ...?She is ...

3. What is ...?...

4. What ...?...

READING COMPREHENSIONWhat are they doing?

Two detectives are talking.

Jack : What are you doing now, Shirley?Shirley : I’m watching Larry and Diana. I can see them but they can’t see me.Jack : Where are they?Shirley : They’re in a restaurant. They’re sitting very near the window.Jack : What are they doing?

12

Manual del Alumno

Shirley : He’s talking. She’s listening and she’s looking at something in his hand.Jack : Something? What?Shirley : I think it’s a photograph. Yes, it is. I’m not sure, but I think it’s a

photograph of a person.Jack : Is it a man or a woman?Shirley : I don’t know. I can’t see. I’m going now.Jack : Wait! Where are you going?Shirley : Into the restaurant.Jack : But why?Shirley : I want to look at that photograph. That’s why!

Exercises

I. Answer these questions :

1. What is Shirley doing?2. Where is she?3. Where are Larry and Diana?4. What are they doing?5. Where is Shirley going?6. What does she want to do?

II. What about you?

1. Where are you now?2. Are you sitting or standing?3. Look at someone near you. What is he or she doing?4. What do you want to do after the lesson?5. Do you smoke?6. Do you drink coffee?7. Do you watch television?8. Are you watching television now?9. Do you read English?10. Do you speak English?11. Are you reading now?12. What are you doing now?

OCCUPATIONS AND ACTIVITIES

READING COMPREHENSION

FOUR PEOPLE

Bernard Winter lives and works in Oxford. He works in a museum there. He buys pictures. Bernard is an art expert. He is very interested in modern art.

13

Manual del Alumno

Susan Farr lives in New York. She works there, too. She is a journalist. She writes articles for a magazine. She works in a small office. A lot of other people work there, too but she likes her job very much.

Larry Jasper lives in London. He buys and sells cars. Some are old and some are new. He’s very interested in money, too. He thinks about money all the time.

Diana Brentano is a make up artist. She works in television.

Exercises

I. Answer the questions.

1. Where does Bernard live?2. Where does he work?3. What is Larry interested in?4. Where does Susan live?5. Where does she work?6. Does she like her job?

II. What about you?

1. Do you work in an office?2. Do you work in a museum?3. Do you sell things?4. Do you buy things?5. Are you interested in money?6. Are you interested in art, too?7. What is one other thing you are interested in?

READING COMPREHENSION“Computers”

A. Translate the following sentences :

1. Microsoft access provides a variety of tools that help you align controls.2. The server on which the printer resides does not have a suitable driver installed.3. The Visual Basic development environment provides objects that you can use to

build your own add-ins with Visual Basic.4. A builder helps you perform a task for the selected item.

14

Manual del Alumno

5. The table Wizard asks a series of questions that guide you through the table creation process.

6. Cabling systems are particularly important on physical networks that use Privately-installed cabling, such as a typical local area network.

7. The Office Binder is a special Microsoft Office tool that you can use to assemble and publish different file types together as a single file.

8. A variety of chart types and formats are available to help present your information effectively.

9. The term TCP/ IP refers to a set of protocols or a protocol suite.10. The new Add-In Manager dialog box enables you to load extensions to the Visual

Basic programming system.

B. Translate the following paragrahs and answer the questions:

1. Computers are everywhere. They can make vehicles at supersonic speed and precision, they can control world banking transactions, predict weather conditions, conduct an aircraft or a space craft, play instruments, manage nuclear weapons; they can operate on human patients, they can transfer information from one continent to another in seconds, they can... they can ... they can ... Yet, thank God, they still need human beings: to draw the instructions, to design the programs or to push the button!

a. Where can you find computers?b. Can computers control world banking transactions?c. Who draws the instructions?d. Do computers need human beings?e. Why do computers need human beings for?

2. The basic job of a computer is to process information. The early computers were simple calculators working with numbers, but today, computers can work with many different types of information, not only numbers. The advantage of a computer is that it can store vast quantities of information (imagine all the information contained in 100,000 books put on one plastic disk) and it can find any piece of the information very fast. (Imagine looking at the 100,000 books to find all the information about Barcelona. A computer can do this in a few seconds. So computers are useful because they can store a lot of information in a small space, and manipulate, or process, the information quickly.

a. What is the advantage of a computer?b. Why are computers useful?c. How computers work with different types of information?d. What does a computer do?

PAST TENSEVerb To Be

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

I He She

Was (era, estuvo)

a good dancer. at work yesterday.

You We

Were good students

15

Manual del Alumno

They (era, estuvieron)

NOTA :

- “ Was” es el pasado de “is” o “am”Ejemplo : John is in Paris (John está en Paris)

John was in Paris yesterday. (John estuvo en Paris ayer)

- “ Were” es el pasado de “are”Ejemplo : The students are in the lab. (los estudiantes están en el laboratorio)

The students were in the lab yesterday.(Los estudiantes estuvieron en el laboratorio ayer)

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

I He She

Wasn ' t

at work last night. You We They

Weren ' t

NOTA ; La negación se forma añadiendo “not” detrás de “was” o “were”

QUESTIONS

Were

You We They

at work last Monday? Was He

She

NOTA :La interrogación se forma colocando “was” o “were” delante del sujeto.

SHORT ANSWERS

Positive Answers Negative Answers

Yes , I was . No, I wasn ' t . We They

were . we they

weren't .

Yes, he She

Was No, he she

wasn ' t .

SIMPLE PASTVerb to be

READING COMPREHENSION : The Weather and Seasons

"When I was young, winters were very cold and summers were very hot. Autumn in September and October was beautiful but it was always foggy in November and it always snowed in December. It was windy in March, it rained in April, and it was always sunny in August. Nowadays the weather is different. It's always changing. It sometimes snows in April, rains in August and is warm and sunny in January. "

1. When was it always foggy? ....................................................................

16

Manual del Alumno

2. When did it always snow? ....................................................................3. When was it windy? ....................................................................4. When did it rain? ....................................................................5. When was it always sunny? ....................................................................6. When does it sometimes snow nowadays? ............ ...........................................

NOTA :El verbo to be (ser, estar) se emplea también al hacer referencia al tiempo atmosférico, en cuyo caso se traduce “hacer” .Ejemplo : It was cold yesterday

Hizo frío ayer

EXERCISES

I. ANSWER :

1. Was yesterday Saturday? ..............................................................................2. What day was it yesterday? ...........................................................................3. Where were you last weekend? .....................................................................4. When were you born? ....................................................................................

II. TRANSLATE THESE PARAGRAPHS INTO SPANISH.

1. ARPANET was one of the first networks.

2. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) was the father of modern computers.

3. The abacus was the first mechanical aid for counting.

4. IBM (International Business Machine Coorporation) was created by Herman Hollerith.

5. The first generation of computer hardware was based on valve technology, the second on transistors, and the third on simple integrated circuitry.

6. The Difference Engine which was invented by Charles Babbage in 1822, was capable of performing arithmetic operations.

7. All computers work with digital information, but there are a lot of different ways in which this digital information is organized.

8. Computers are rapidly changing the world we live in and the way we live. They are creating new jobs and making old jobs unnecessary : offices, banks, farms and factories are all very different from 20 years ago.

9. Computers are also changing education : what you learn and how you learn are changing as a result of computers.

10. There are two types of computers used in a LAN : workstations, and servers. The workstations work only for the person sitting in front of it.

11. Visual Basic writes information into each application that provides public, creatable objects. During installation, you can write this information to the system registration database by running the application with the REGSERVER switch.

12. The toolbox contains a tool for every type of control you can use on Microsoft Access form.

17

Manual del Alumno

13. A printer prints the information processed by your computer. Printers vary in printing speedand output capabilities. For example, some letter-quality printers can print high quality textquickly, some dot matrix and laser printers can print both text and graphics.

TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING COMPUTER TERMS:

1. Random access................................ 2. Computation.....................................3. Breakpoint........................................4. Adder................................................5. Clipboard..........................................6. Mainframe........................................7. Reader.............................................8. Set...................................................9. Cross check.....................................10. Crash..............................................11. Debugger........................................12. Link.................................................13. Compile...........................................14. Environment...................................15. Search............................................16. Hard copy.......................................17. Counter..........................................18. Backup...........................................19. Checkpoint.....................................20. Allocation......................................

DINAMICA DE ESTUDIO

I WRITE WAS / WASN ' T / WERE / WEREN ' T.

1. We didn't like our hotel room. It was very small and it wasn't very clean.

2. Linda got married when she ..........................24 years old.3. I phoned you last evening, but you .................. home.

Where ...........................you?4. The banks .................... open yesterday because it ..................... a holiday.5. Dan ...................... at work last week because he ................... sick. He's better

now.6. "............................you at home at 9:30?" "No, I ................. . I .................. at

work."

18

Manual del Alumno

II WRITE AM / IS / ARE / WAS / WERE. SOME SENTENCES ARE PRESENT AND SOME ARE PAST.

1. Last year she ...... was ....... 22, so she ....is.... 23 now.2. The weather .............................nice right now, but a few hours ago

it ..................foggy.3. I ................hungry. May I have something to eat ?4. I ................hungry last night, so I had something to eat.5. Where ............... you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning ?6. Don't buy those shoes. They ...............too expensive.7. Why ............... you so angry yesterday ?8. We have to go now. It ............... very late.9. This time last year I ................. in Paris.10. We .................tired when we got home, so we went to bed.11. Charlie Chaplin died in 1978. He ...............a famous movie star.12. "Where ............... the children ?" "I don't know. They ..............here ten minutes

ago."

III WRITE QUESTIONS.

1. I saw a movie.2. I met some people.3. I took an exam.4. I bought some books.5. I went to a museum.

(good?) Was it good ? .(friendly?).......................................................(hard?) ............................................................(expensive?)....................................................(interesting?)...................................................

IV TRANSLATE THESE PARAGRAPHS INTO SPANISH.

1. Comments are like notes to yourself, helping to explain what you were thinking of when you wrote the code.

2. If you were distributing an application that replaces a previous version, the new version must be code-compatible with the previous version.

3. When you changed the background color of the form header section, for example, you were changing one of that section's properties.

4. If you were using an English version of Windows version 3.11 to upgrade a non-English version of Windows 95, you will need to use Custom Setup

SIMPLE PAST(Other verbs)

VERBOS REGULARES – AUXILIAR DID

PRESENT PAST

Positive Positive Negative Question

I watch I watched I didn’t watch Did I watch... ?(Yo veo) (Yo ví ) (Yo no ví ) ( ¿Ví yo? )

He cleans He cleaned He did not clean Did he clean... ?(El limpia) (El limpió) (El no limpió) ( ¿Limpió él...?)

You work You worked you didn't work Did you work... ?

19

Manual del Alumno

(Tú trabajas) (Tú trabajaste) (Tú no trabajaste) ( ¿Trabajaste tú...?)

NOTA :

- Los verbos regulares forman el pasado añadiendo la terminación “ed” al verbo originalEjemplo : start (comenzar) started (comenzó)

open (abrir) opened (abrió)

- Para formar la negación con un verbo regular conjugado en pasado se coloca el auxiliar “did” entre el sujeto y la negación “not” y a continuación el verbo de que se trate en infinitivo (forma original, se omite la “ed”)Ejemplo : I opened my mail. ( Yo abrí mi correo )

I did not open my mail. ( Yo no abrí mi correo )I didn’t open my mail (En la conversación se emplea la forma

abreviada)

- Para formar la interrogación con un verbo regular conjugado en pasado se emplea el auxiliar “did” seguido del sujeto y el verbo en infinitivo, es decir se omite la terminación “ed” al emplear “did” Ejemplo : Paul worked all day yesterday. ( Paul trabajó todo el día ayer )

Did Paul work all day yesterday? ( ¿Trabajó Paul todo el día ayer? )

Spell Check

Cry + ed = cried Stop + ed = stopped Smile + ed = smiled

NOTA :

- Los verbos regulares terminados en “y” precedida por una consonante, cambian la “y” por “i” antes de tomar la terminación “ed” para formar el pasado y el participio pasado.Ejemplo : Try Tried

Fry Fried

- Los verbos regulares terminados en consonante sencilla precedida por una vocal sencilla, doblan la consonante y toman “ed” para formar el padado y participio pasado.Ejemplo : Stop Stopped

- Los verbos regulares terminados en “e” forman el pasado añadiendo sólo “d” Ejemplo : Arrive Arrived

Receive Received

EXERCISES.

I – WRITE THE PAST TENSE OF THESE VERBS.

1.play 7. start 13. die 19. enjoy2.end 8. arrive 14. Live 20. watch3.happen 9. brush 15. snow 21. call4.try 10. rain 16. stay 22. want5.happen 11. open 17. turn 23. walk6.finish 12. talk 18. work 24. use

20

Manual del Alumno

II – COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES. USE ONE OF THESE VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST.

Brush - die - end - enjoy - happen - live - open - play - rain - start - stay -turn - want - watch.

1.Yesterday evening I watched television.2.I ...........................my teeth three times yesterday.3.It waws dark, so I ............................... on the light.4.The concert last night .................... at 7:30 and ......................... at 10 o'clock.5.The accident......................... last Sunday afternoon.6.When I was a child, I .......................... to be a doctor.7.Mozart..........................from 1756 to 1791.8.We ............................. our vacation last year. We ........................ at a very good hotel.9.Today the weather is nice, but yesterday it ...............................10.It was hot in the room, so I ........................ the window.

III – WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT YOURSELF. WHAT DID YOU DO YESTERDAY.

1...................................................................................................................................2...................................................................................................................................3...................................................................................................................................4...................................................................................................................................5...................................................................................................................................

PASADO SIMPLE Verbos Irregulares

SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST

Positive

I do We go They have It begins

Positive

I did We went They had It began

Negative

I do We did not goThey didn’t have It begin

Question

I do...? we go...? Did they have...? It begin...?

NOTA :

- No existe una regla para cambiar a pasado los verbos irregulares, por lo que para emplearlos necesitamos memorizarlos o consultar una lista de verbos.Ejemplo : I go to the institute at 8 am ( Yo voy al instituto a las 8 )

21

Manual del Alumno

I went to the institute at 8 am. ( Yo fui al instituto a las 8)

- Para formar una oración negativa necesitamos el auxiliar “did” y la negación “not” , que se colocan después del sujeto y antes del verbo, el cual debe estar en infinitivo (forma original)Ejemplo : Mr. Wilson wrote an e.mail (El Sr. Wilson escribió un correo)

Mr. Wilson didn’t write an e.mail (El Sr. Wilson no escribió un correo)

- Para formar una oración interrogativa se antepone el auxiliar “did” al sujeto y se coloca el verbo en infinitivo (forma original) Ejemplo : The secretary sent a fax (La secretaria envió un fax)

Did the secretary send a fax? (La secretaria no envió un fax)

SHORT ANSWERS

Affirmative Negative I you He Yes, She did. It We They

I You He No, she didn’t it we they

NOTA :- Existen dos tipos de respuestas, en forma breve o respuesta completa.

Ejemplo : Did Mr. Keller work yesterday?Yes, he did. / Yes, he worked yesterday.No, he didn’t. / No, he didn’t work yesterday.

EXERCISES

I – COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE VERB IN THE NEGATIVE.

1.I saw John, but I didn't see Mary.2.They worked on Monday, but they ..................................... on Tuesday.3.Wse went to the store, but we ............................... to the bank.4.She had a pen, but she.................................. any paper.5.Jack did the laundry, but he ..........................the shopping.

II – YOU ARE ASKING SOMEBODY QUESTIONS. WRITE QUESTIONS WITH DID.....?

1.I watched TV last night. How about you? Did you watch TV last night ?2.I enjoyed the party. How about you? .................................................................3.I had a good vacation. How about you?.............................................................4.I got up early this morning. How about you? ....................................................5.I slept well last night. How about you?...............................................................

22

Manual del Alumno

III WRITE THE PAST TENSE OF THESE VERBS. 1. get 7. Leave 13. Buy 19. Put 2. eat 8. Win 14. Know 20. Tell 3. ride 9. See 15. Wear 21. Write 4. begin 10. Go 16. Stand 22. Lose 5. make 11. Hear 17. Take 23. Think 6. give 12. Find 18. Do 24. Speak

IV – WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT THE PAST (YESTERDAY / LAST WEEK, etc.)

1.He always goes to work by car. Yesterday she went to work by car. 2.They always get up early. This morning they ..........................................................3.Bill often loses his keys. He .........................................................................last Saturday.4.I write a letter to Jane every week. Last week...................................................................5.She meets her friends every evening. She..................................................last evening.6.I usually read two newspapers every day. ...................................................... yesterday.7.They come to my house every Friday. Last Friday...........................................................8.We usually go to the movies on Sunday........................................................last Sunday.9.Tom always has fruit for breakfast. .............................................................. this morning.10.They buy a new car every year. Last year............................................................................

V - FIND THE PAST TENSE FORMS OF THESE WORDS IN THE BOX OF WORDS BELOW: Store - process - deal - do - get - have - try

E A S N F I H S G R

O G T T D U L D E V

P R O C E S S E D H

I G R E A N L I I T

B O E R L X I R D A

H A D Z T R A T C N

K T W E M O U N H E

HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

The search for a calculating machineFor centuries scientists and inventors tried to find a machine that could do calculations, because most people had difficulty doing sums with pencil and paper, especially with very large numbers. Although it is not a machine, the abacus was used 500 years ago for counting.

Pascal and LeibnizThe first real counting machine was invented by a Frenchman called Blaise Pascal in the seventeenth century. It did additions and substractions but very few people were convinced of its value.

Charles BabbageBabbage, generally considered to be the inventor of the computer, was born in England in 1791. He was a rich man who spent all his time and money trying to build a machine that accepted input (numbers) and then did calculations on the input, using a set of rules, and finally gave the result printed on paper. His first machine, which was limited to solving certain types of

23

Manual del Alumno

mathematical equations, was called the “Difference Engine”, but he then had the idea of making a machine which could do any sort of calculation. This device Babbage called the “Analytical Engine”, but it was never finished, and Babbage died.

Exercises

I. Translate the paragraphs.

II. Make questions and answers based on these words Example : Pascal / the ENIAC. Did Pacal invent the ENIAC ?

No, he didn't. J.W. Mauchley did.

1. Leibniz / the first real counting machine? (Pascal)Question:........................................................................Answer: .........................................................................

2. Babbage / the Tabulating Machine? (Hollerith)Question: .......................................................................Answer: .......................................................................

3. Konrad Zuse / the Colossus machine? (Turing)Question: .......................................................................Answer:..........................................................................

4. Aiken / Analytical engine? (Babbage)Question:........................................................................Answer: .........................................................................

5. J:W: Mauchly / Mark 1? (Aiken)Question:........................................................................Answer:...........................................................................

III. Answer about the reading :

1. Did people have diffficulty doing sums? ____________________________________2. Is the abacus a machine? _______________________________________________3. Who invented the first real counting machine? _______________________________4. Where was Pascal from? _______________________________________________5. Where was Babbage born? ______________________________________________6. When was Babbage born? ______________________________________________7. How was his first machine called? ________________________________________8. Did Babbage finish the “Analytical Engine”? _________________________________

IV. Answer about you :

1. When were you born? _____________________________________________2. Where were you born? ____________________________________________3. What did you do last weekend? _____________________________________4. Did you go to the disco last weekend? ________________________________5. Where did you go? _______________________________________________ 6. Who did you go with? _____________________________________________

V. Complete the following text. Use past tense :

24

Manual del Alumno

Yesterday I (go) _________ to a lecture at the university about computer viruses. It (be) ______ a very interesting talk. The lecturer (show) _________ us lots of different kinds of viruses on her computer and (tell) ________ us about some antivirus programs. She (say) ________ that most of the viruses (come) _________ from the United States. At the end of the lecture some members of the audience (ask) ________ some questions, and finally the lecturer (give) ________ us each a leaflet with a lof of information about how to protect your computer against viruses.

VI. Answer :

1. Was the lecture interesting? _________________________________________2. What was the lecture about? _________________________________________3. Where do most viruses come from? ___________________________________4. What did the lecturer give to the audience? ______________________________5. Did the lecturer tell about antivirus programs? ____________________________

VII. Translate these sentences :

1. Computers were invented a long time ago. The first computers cost a lot of money; they were expensive and they were very big too.

2. The first electronic computers, made in the 1940s, were large, slow, and very expensive, but in the 1960s computers made a giant step forward with the invention of transistors.

3. In the 1950s, computers were extremely expensive machines used by rich companies to do long and complicated operations.

4. The problem with the early computers was that the electricity used in the computers passed along wires and valves, and this caused very high temperatures.

PRESENTE VS. PASADO

I LOOK AT THE TELEPHONE CONVERSATION. WRITE THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSE :

A: Hello, Pam. How (be)................... you?B: I (be) ..................... fine, thanks. The weather (be)................. wonderful here !

It (be) ......................very warm and the sun ( shine).........................A: Oh! It (snow) ............................. here at the moment. ( (not like) .........................

January in England! What (be)................... your hotel like in Melbourne?B: Wonderful! It (have got) ......................... three swimming pools and four very

good restaurants. Last week, there (be) ..................... two parties in the hoteland last night there (be) ..........................a barbecue on the beach. I (have)..................... a marvellous time here.

II COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH do, did, does.

1. .................. you see the film on television last night?2. .................. you have a scanner?3. ................... she buy a mouse last week?4. .................. you often go to the supermarket?5. .................. he go to the trade fair last week?

25

Manual del Alumno

6. .................. this computer use MS DOS?7. .................. John have any adventure games?8. .................. you like working here?9. .................. they go abroad last summer?10. .................. it rain a lot in winter in England?

III COMPLETE TEXTS WITH THE CORRECT FORMS OF THE VERBS.

Ride hate work go(x2) leave Study wear have buy can

a) After Helen .................... school last summer, she ......................... a longHoliday. Now she ................... engineering at university and she .....................Hard.

b) In her free time, Helen ..................... riding. She ...................... a black horseCalled Prince. She ...................... very well.

c) Helen always ........................ cheerful colours. She ................... colours likeBlack, brown and dark green . Yesterday she .......................shopping andShe................. a bright yellow patterned sweater.c

IV USE THE NOTES TO WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT HOW SHE SPENT HER DAY YESTERDAY.

Example: Get up at 8 o'clock. She got up at 8 o'clock yesterday. 1. get up at 8 o'clock ......................................................................... 2. go for a swim before breakfast. ....................................................................3. spend the morning on the beach .. ................................................................4. have lunch at a beach café ................................................................... 5. swim and sunbathe in the afternoon .............................................................. 6. have a windsurfing lesson. ....................................................................

DINAMICA DE ESTUDIO

I. ANSWER ABOUT YOU :

1. What’s your last name? ____________________________________2. Are you married? ________________________________________3. Do you have a computer? __________________________________4. Where do you study? _____________________________________5. Where are you now? ______________________________________6. Are you eating now? ______________________________________7. What are you doing? ______________________________________8. Can you speak French? ___________________________________9. Did you have English classes yesterday? _______________________10. What did you do yesterday? ________________________________11. Did you come to classes last Saturday? ________________________12. Where did you go on Saturday? ______________________________13. Are there tables in this class? _______________________________14. How many chairs are there? _________________________________

II. COMPLETE : Do, Does, Did

1. _____ Mr. Cooper work in a bank? Yes, ____ ____2. _____ the students use computers? Yes, ____ ____

26

Manual del Alumno

3. _____ Sally live in Miami? No, ____ ____4. _____ Bill come to classes yesterday? Yes, ____ ____5. _____ the banks work last Sunday? No, ____ ____6. _____ your computer work well? No, ____ ____7. _____ you study last week? Yes, ____ ____

III. COMPLETE : Use “Past Tense”

Last Monday Marcel (go) ______ to London for the day. He (get up) _____ at 6:30 a.m. , (travel) ______ to Calais and then he (walk) _____ to the museums but they (not / be) ______ open because it (be) ____ Monday. Finally he (have) _____ lunch in a restaurant and (come) _____ back home.

IV. COMPLETE : Present or Past?

1. Sandra always (eat) ______ lunch in a restaurant.2. The students (work) ________ in the lab yesterday morning.3. Peter (do) ______ homework last night.4. Alex and Bill usually (go) ______ to work on time.5. I always (drink) ______ orange juice in the morning.6. Last weekend John and Susy (go) ________ to the disco.

I. Translate :

Kent Clark went to Canada on vacation. He went with his friends last winter. They went by plane to Montreal and stayed at a hotel near Mount Royal Park. They didn’t go to the Place des Arts but they visited McGill University and they went to a lot of restaurants. They had a great time.

V. MATCH:

1. Do you eat chinese food? ___ a) To London.2. Are you English? ___ b) Mr. Johnson.3. How many computers are there? ___ c) No, he didn’t.4. Does your father work? ___ d) No, they aren’t.5. Where did you go? ___ e) Yes, I am.6. Did Henry phone yesterday? ___ f) Yes, there are.7. Are Mily and Ted English? ___ g) No, I don’t.8. Who is in the office? ___ h) Yes, he works.9. Are there curtains in the office? ___ i) There are six.

VI. Complete this paragraph . Use “Past Tense”

Maria (get) _____ up at 7:00 a.m., then she (take) ______ a shower and (eat) ______ breakfast. Later she (go) _____ to school. Her English class (be) _____ very good and the teacher (be) _____ happy.At 3:00 p.m. she (be) _____ swimming, and then she (go) _____ home. She (eat) _____ lunch and (do) ______ homework. She (stay) _____ home until 6:00 p.m. Then she (go) ______ with her family to a restaurant . After they (eat) _____ dinner, they (see) _____ a film at the movies. At 11:00 p.m. the family (come) ______ home and (go) ______ to bed, but Maria (watch) _______ T.V. When she (be) _____ tired, she (go) _____ to bed and (sleep) _______.

27

Manual del Alumno

VII. Complete. Put the verbs into the correct form : (Present or Past)

1. Jack usually (work) ______ until 7:30 p.m. but last night he (finish) ______ early.

2. Sam and Sarah always (get up) _______ at 8:00 a.m. but yesterday they (get up) ________ at lunch-time.

3. Daniel usually (see) ______ his mother on Sundays, but last week he (visit) _______ her on Saturday.

4. I always (study) _______ in the evenings, but last night I (watch) ______ a great film on TV.

TIEMPO FUTURO“ Going to ...”

Positive statements_______ I am She is He is It is We are You are They are

study write going to ... rain work dance read

Negative statements___________ I'm not He isn't She isn't It isn't We aren't You aren't They aren't

tomorrow going to ... next week

NOTA :

- Para formar el futuro se emplea el auxiliar “ going to ...” precedido por el verbo “ to be ”

Ejemplo : I am going to have dinner at eight.(Yo cenaré a las ocho)

He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow morning.(el leerá el periódico mañana en la mañana)

28

Manual del Alumno

- La negación se forma colocando “not” después del verbo to be”, antes de “ going to...”Ejemplo : They are not going to sell their computers.

(Ellos no venderán sus computadoras)

She is not going to watch television.(Ella no verá televisión)

- Para formar la interrogación se coloca el verbo “ to be” delante del sujeto.Ejemplo : Hellen is going to change her car.

Is Hellen going to change her car?

The students are going to visit the museumAre the students going to visit the museum?

- Existen dos tipos de respuestas, breves o completas.Ejemplo : Is the secretary going to send a fax?

Yes, she is / Yes, she is going to send a fax.No, she isn’t. / No, she isn’t going to send a fax.

Are you going to watch television?Yes, I am. / Yes, I’m going to watch television.No, I’m not / No, I’m not going to watch television.

Exercises

I. Read these sentences, then write sentences about yourself.

Example :1. He’s going to have lunch in a restaurant tomorrow.

- I’m going to have lunch in a restaurant, too.- I’m not going to have lunch in a restaurant. I’m going to have lunch at home.

2. He’s going to get up at ten o’clock tomorrow.3. He’s going to have a very big breakfast.4. He’s going to have lunch in a very expensive restaurant.5. He’s going to smoke five or six cigarettes tomorrow.6. Tomorrow evening he’s going to have a bottle of champagne with his dinner.7. He’s going to watch television in the evening.

II. Read the sentences, Change them into questions about tomorrow.

1. Bernard is working late today. _Is_ he going to _work_ late tomorrow too?

2. We are speaking English. ______ we _______ to speak English tomorrow,too?

3. Two detectives are watching Larry now. ______ they ______ to ______him tomorrow, too?

4. Susan is interviewing someone now. _____ she _____ ____ interview someone tomorrow, ______?

5. Basil is eating in a very expensive restaurant. ____ ____ ______ ___ _____in a very expensive __________ tomorrow, _____?

29

Manual del Alumno

6. You are reading this book now. _____ _____ _______ ____ ______ it tomorrow, too?

III. Reading Comprehension

TODAY AND TOMORROW

It is Wednesday evening. Bernard Winter often works late on Wednesday evening.

He is going to work late this evening. There are a lot of letters and other things on his desk.Tomorrow is Thursday. Bernard is going to talk to some students in the morning. After that, he is going to see a journalist.All these things are in Bernard’s diary, but the diary isn’t on his desk. It’s on his secretary’s desk.Bernard always has lunch in a restaurant on Thursday. The restaurant is called Ricardo’s Table. It is near the museum.

ANSWER :1. Is Bernard going to work late? _____________________________________2. What is he going to do tomorrow? __________________________________3. Do you have a diary? ____________________________________________ 4. What are you going to do tomorrow? _______________________________ 5. Where are you going to have lunch tomorrow? _________________________6. What are you going to do after this lesson? __________________________ 7. What are three things you are going to do next week? ___________________ 8. Are you going to come on Saturday? ________________________________ 9. When are you going to have vacations? ______________________________ 10. What are you going to do tomorrow morning? __________________________

FUTURE TENSE“Will”

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Positive Contraction Negative Contraction

I I I I You You You YouHe He He HeShe will study ... She ’ll study She will not study She won’t study It It It ItWe We We WeThey They They They

NOTA :

- Para formar el futuro se emplea el auxiliar “ will ” que se coloca entre el sujeto y el verbo que se desea conjugar.Ejemplo : I will go to the library (Yo iré a la biblioteca)

They will buy a new computer. (Ellos comprarán una computadora)

- Al igual que otros verbos auxiliares, “will” suele abreviarse en la conversación por “ ’ll ”Ejemplo : Henry will come next week. (Henry vendrá la próxima semana)

Henry’ll come next week.

30

Manual del Alumno

- Para negar se coloca “ not “ entre “ will ” y el verbo principal. “ Will not” se abrevia “ won’t ” y ésta es la forma que suele emplearse en la conversación.Ejemplo : Susan will not write an e.mail tomorrow.

Susan won’t write an e. mail tomorrow.(Susan no escribirá un correo mañana)

- La interrogación se forma colocando “will” delante del sujeto, al que sigue el verbo que se desea conjugar.Ejemplo : The students will surf the internet

Will the students surf the internet?

- Existen dos tipos de respuestas : breves o completas.Ejemplo : Will the secretary send a fax?

Yes, she will. / Yes, she will send a fax.No, she won’t. / No, she won’t send a fax.

DINAMICA DE ESTUDIOMultiple exercises

I. Write sentences :

1. Mr. Doyle / drink / a cup of coffee / in the office.Present : _ Mr. Doyle drinks a cup of coffee in the office._Past : _ Mr. Doyle drank a cup of coffee in the office. _Future : _ Mr. Doyle will dirnk a cup of coffee in the office_

2. The students / do homework / in the afternoon.Present : _______________________________________Past : _______________________________________Future : _______________________________________

3. Kent and John / go / to the disco / on weekend.Present : _________________________________________Past : _________________________________________Future : _________________________________________

4. Sally / come / to classes / early.Present : _________________________________________Past : _________________________________________ Future : _________________________________________

II. Read this letter and answer :

31

Manual del Alumno

My name is Elaine Woods. I’m a homemaker from Palo Alto, Califormia. This is my family. My husband, Jack is a doctor. Peter is our son. He is three years old. Ellen is our daughter. She is five.

Last year I worked in a tall, new office building. I was a writer for a women’s magazine.

I’m not working this year bacause I am really busy at home with my family. We have a lot of family activities.

Next year I’m going to work four days a week. My husband is going to stay home with Peter and Ellen.

Answer :1. What does Elaine do? ___________________________________________2. Is she married? ________________________________________________3. Does she work? ________________________________________________4. Where did she work? ___________________________________________5. Is she going to work next year? ____________________________________6. Who is going to stay home? _______________________________________

III. Complete . Use the right form of the verbs :

1. The weather (be) _________ terrible yesterday.2. Next Saturday Debra (run) __________ ten miles.3. We usually (eat) ________ at Mario’s, but tomorrow night we (eat) _______

At Vitello’s.4. We (take) _________ lots of pictures on vacation last summer.5. My brother usually (play) ________ tennis with Harry on weekends.6. Yesterday I (have) ________ a bad headache.7. I (study) ________ in the library tomorrow.8. It (be) ________ hot last July.9. It (be) ________ cloudy today.10. I (make) __________ dinner tomorrow night.11. Mr. Baker always (go) _______ to work very early.12. The good students never (forget) ________ homework.

IV. Write short answers :

1. Are there good students here? Yes, ____ ____2. Is English difficult? No, ____ ____3. Did Mrs. Lynn work yesterday? No, ____ ____4. Are the students going to work? Yes, ____ ____5. Do you want to get a good job? Yes, ____ ____6. Can this printer work well? No, ____ ____7. Does Mr. Cambell speak English? No, ____ ____8. Will Sally travel to London? No, ____ ____

V. Translate :Purchasing Hardware and Software

1. When buying printers, ask to see a sample printout from the printer you are considering, and find out how many pages it will print per minute because not all laser printers are of equal quality.

2. The following checklist can guide you in making purchasing decisions :a. Who will use the equipment?b. Does the equipment come with detailed, understandable setup instructions?

32

Manual del Alumno

c. Will the vendor provide help in installing the equipment?d. Is there a telephone number I can call for help?e. Is the software documentation easy to understand?f. Is there a tutorial I can attend?g. Can the computer be upgraded?h. Do I want to connect the computer to a network workstation and access a file

server?i. Are there expansions slots?j. How many disk drives do I need?k. Will I require high-density or low-density disks?l. Do I need to run the sofware in a Windows environment?m. Can the software be run on a network?n. Will the vendor install the hardware if necessary?

3. The combination of computers and telecommunications is causing a profound revolution in our society which will completely change all our lives. The communication of information is essencial to all sectors of society; all types of business and commerce, education, medicine, governments and administration, and individuals (at a personal, business, or government level) and the “mass media”: radio, television and newspapers.

Technologies that will determine the course of personal computing :

- Office workers will compute anywhere, anytime.

- The house of the future will have a computer in every room.

- Network technology will exist at affordablle prices.

33