Day 73

Day 73

1.2 The Biosphere and Energy

ZOO

• Zoo

• Zoo

• Zoo

• All activities require a source of energy – a fuel

• All activities require a source of energy – a fuel

• To sustain a camp fire, you need ________

• All activities require a source of energy – a fuel

• To sustain a camp wire, you need wood

• To drive a car, you need to _______

• All activities require a source of energy – a fuel

• To sustain a camp wire, you need wood

• To drive a car, you need to gas

• To migrate big distances, hummingbirds need to burn the fat stored in their tissues

• All activities require a source of energy – a fuel

• To sustain a camp wire, you need wood

• To drive a car, you need to gas

• To migrate big distances, hummingbirds need to burn the fat stored in their tissues

• All these examples show a different fuel, BUT they in a sense they come from the same source

`• All activities require a source of energy – a fuel

• To sustain a camp wire, you need wood

• To drive a car, you need to gas

• To migrate big distances, hummingbirds need to burn the fat stored in their tissues

• All these examples show a different fuel, BUT they in a sense they come from the same source – solar energy that is converted to chemical energy

Photosynthesis (plants get food without hunting!)

Water + Carbon Dioxide

reacts together with thermal energy (light) from sun to produce

Oxygen + Glucose (sugar)

Photosynthesis

It produces 100 to 200 billion tonnes of sugar each year

(3.0x10^17 sugar cubes)

!

• Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from organic molecules (like carbohydrates) in the presence of oxygen

(Opposite equation of photosynthesis)

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

Chlorophyll

is a pigment that absorbs energy from light and gives the plants their green colour

Chlorophyll

is a pigment that absorbs energy from light and givens the plants their green colour

Wherever there are chlorophyll-containing organisms, oxygen is generated

Tropical forests (only cover 5% of Earth’s surface) are responsible for 30% of Earth’s photosynthesis

Tropical forests (only cover 5% of Earth’s surface) are responsible for 30% of Earth’s photosynthesis

Oceans are also responsible for 30% of Earth’s photosynthesis

• Trophic level a category of organisms that is defined by how the organisms gain their energy

• Trophic level a category of organisms that is defined by how the organisms gain their energy

Primary producers (organisms) that make their own food

• Trophic level a category of organisms that is defined by how the organisms gain their energy

Primary producers (organisms) that make their own food

Consumers (organisms) that can’t

• Biomass is the total mass of living organisms in a defined group or area

• Biomass is the total mass of living organisms in a defined group or area

• Trophic efficiency is a measure of the amount of energy or biomass transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level

• Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from organic molecules (like carbohydrates) in the presence of oxygen

(Opposite equation of photosynthesis)

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

• Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from organic molecules (like carbohydrates) in the presence of oxygen (aerobic conditions)

(Opposite equation of photosynthesis)

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

Cellular Respiration

• Even though photosynthesis produces glucose (sugar) which is food for plants, it needs to be broken down and consumed to give the plant energy cellular respiration completes that process

• Fermentation occurs when oxygen is absent (anaerobic condition) – organisms like bacteria and fungi use fermentation to release the energy in glucose

Carbon Dioxide and Greenhouse Gases

• Greenhouse gases