Introduction 178˚E 179˚E 180˚ 179˚W 178˚W 26˚S 25˚S 24˚S 23˚S 22˚S CRZ detections and the CMB West of Tonga- Fiji -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 1: SUM Z 2: SUM Z 3: -?- -?- 4: -?- -?- SOUTH_ALL ScP-wavelet P-wavelet time [ s ] -5 -10 10 5 0 south events summed D9P5S22R10 130˚ 130˚ 140˚ 140˚ 150˚ 150˚ 160˚ 160˚ 170˚ 170˚ 180˚ 180˚ 190˚ 190˚ -40˚ -40˚ -30˚ -30˚ -20˚ -20˚ -10˚ -10˚ 0˚ 0˚ 1000 km ScP Points Reflection WRA South Center North 0 10 20 km [19.9118S 134.4061E] -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 1: SCP Z 2: SUM Z 3: -?- -?- SOUTH_15 ScP-wavelet P-wavelet D20P10S17R0 -10 -5 0 5 10 time [ s ] 0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 1: WR1 Z 2: WR2 Z 3: WR4 Z 4: WR5 Z 5: WR6 Z 6: WR7 Z 7: WR8 Z 8: WR9 Z 9: WB1 Z 10: WB2 Z 11: WB3 Z 12: WB4 Z 13: WB5 Z 14: WB6 Z 15: WB7 Z 16: WB8 Z 17: WB9 Z 18: WB0 Z ScP P WR7 WB1 WR6 WB0 WR1 WR2 WR4 WR5 WB9 WR9 WR8 WB2 WB3 WB4 WB5 WB6 WB7 WB8 400 200 0 300 100 time [ s ] -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 1: S_12 Z 2: S_21 Z 3: S_24 Z 4: S_27 Z 5: S_28 Z 6: S_29 Z 7: S_32 Z 8: S_39 Z 9: S_40 Z 10: S_42 Z 11: S_48 Z 12: S_49 Z 13: S_51 Z 14: S_57 Z 15: S_71 Z 16: S_75 Z 17: S_76 Z 18: S_77 Z 19: S_78 Z 20: S_81 Z 21: S_82 Z 22: S_87 Z 23: S_91 Z 24: S_96 Z 106.17 105.77 105.38 102.72 102.85 103.22 103.36 103.62 105.20 105.94 103.74 104.05 104.32 104.45 104.69 104.93 10 5 time [ s ] -5 0 -10 ScP precursor backazimuth [ deg ] -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 1: SCP Z 2: SUM Z 3: -?- -?- SOUTH_16 D16P5S17R0_H0.14VS0.7R3 P-wavelet ScP-wavelet -10 -5 0 5 10 time [ s ] -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 1: SCP Z 2: SUM Z 3: -?- -?- SOUTH_13 D7P5S20R0_H0.14VS0.7 P-wavelet ScP-wavelet -10 -5 0 5 10 time [ s ] -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 1: SCP Z 2: SUM Z 3: -?- -?- 4: -?- -?- 5: -?- -?- 6: -?- -?- 7: -?- -?- 8: -?- -?- 9: -?- -?- 10: -?- -?- time [ s ] -10 D10P10S10R10_H1VS0.5R10 D10P10S10R10_H1VS0.5 D10P10S10R10_H0.14VS0.7 D10P10S10R10_H0.2VS0.7 D10P10S10R10_H0.5VS0.7 D10P10S10R10_H1VS0.7 D10P10S10R10 IASP ScP-wavelet P-wavelet -5 0 5 10 130˚ 130˚ 135˚ 135˚ 140˚ 140˚ 145˚ 145˚ 150˚ 150˚ 155˚ 155˚ 160˚ 160˚ 165˚ 165˚ 170˚ 170˚ 175˚ 175˚ 180˚ 180˚ 185˚ 185˚ -30˚ -30˚ -25˚ -25˚ -20˚ -20˚ 100 100 ∆= 44.28 ∆= 42.33 ∆ 200 = 43.28 0 300 0 200 h = 515 km h = 546 km 200 300 h = 530 km time [ s ] time [ s ] 0 100 300 South Center North P Sources WRA PcP PcP ? ScP P points Reflection ScP PcP ScP ScP P Sebastian Rost Structure of the Lowermost Mantle ([email protected]) 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 1: -?- -?- 2: -?- -?- 3: -?- -?- Sc*ssP Sc*spP ScP ScP ScsP SPcP SdP ScP Sc*ppP -10 -5 0 10 5 H1_VS0.7 D20P10S10R10 IASP time [ s ] Justin Revenaugh -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 1: SCP Z 2: S_32 Z 3: -?- -?- SOUTH_32 ScP-wavelet P-wavelet D10P8S25R5 -10 -5 0 5 10 time [ s ] 0 2000 4000 6000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Core Mantle CMB ✽ ▲ Data Conclusions CRZ ULVZ b) a) ULVZ CRZ ScP SPcP ScsP SdP Sc*ppP CMB Sc*spP CRZ ULVZ CMB Sc*ssP Method
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Intr
oduc
tion
178˚
E17
9˚E
180˚
179˚
W17
8˚W 26
˚S
25˚S
24˚S
23˚S
22˚S
CR
Z d
etec
tions
and
the
CM
BW
est o
f T
onga
- Fi
ji
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
1: SUM Z
2: SUM Z
3: -?- -?-
4: -?- -?-
SOUTH_ALL
ScP-
wav
elet
P-w
avel
et
time
[ s
]
-5-1
010
50
sout
h ev
ents
sum
med
D9P
5S22
R10
130˚
130˚
140˚
140˚
150˚
150˚
160˚
160˚
170˚
170˚
180˚
180˚
190˚
190˚
-40˚
-40˚
-30˚
-30˚
-20˚
-20˚
-10˚
-10˚
0˚0˚
1000
km
ScP
Poin
tsR
efle
ctio
n
WR
A
Sout
h
Cen
ter
Nor
th
010
20
km
[19.
9118
S 1
34.4
061E
]
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
B1B
2B3B4B
5B6
B7B8B9
B10
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
1: SCP Z
2: SUM Z
3: -?- -?-
SOUTH_15
ScP-
wav
elet
P-w
avel
et
D20
P10S
17R
0
-10
-50
510
time
[ s
]
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
1: WR1 Z
2: WR2 Z
3: WR4 Z
4: WR5 Z
5: WR6 Z
6: WR7 Z
7: WR8 Z
8: WR9 Z
9: WB1 Z
10: WB2 Z
11: WB3 Z
12: WB4 Z
13: WB5 Z
14: WB6 Z
15: WB7 Z
16: WB8 Z
17: WB9 Z
18: WB0 Z
ScP
P
WR
7
WB
1
WR
6
WB
0
WR
1W
R2
WR
4W
R5
WB
9
WR
9W
R8
WB
2W
B3
WB
4W
B5
WB
6W
B7
WB
8
400
200
0 30
010
0tim
e [
s ]
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
1: S_12 Z
2: S_21 Z
3: S_24 Z
4: S_27 Z
5: S_28 Z
6: S_29 Z
7: S_32 Z
8: S_39 Z
9: S_40 Z
10: S_42 Z
11: S_48 Z
12: S_49 Z
13: S_51 Z
14: S_57 Z
15: S_71 Z
16: S_75 Z
17: S_76 Z
18: S_77 Z
19: S_78 Z
20: S_81 Z
21: S_82 Z
22: S_87 Z
23: S_91 Z
24: S_96 Z
106.
17
105.
77
105.
38
102.
7210
2.85
103.
2210
3.36
103.
62
105.
20
105.
94
103.
74
104.
0510
4.32
104.
4510
4.69
104.
93
105
tim
e [
s ]
-50
-10
ScP
prec
urso
r
backazimuth [ deg ]
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
1: SCP Z
2: SUM Z
3: -?- -?-
SOUTH_16
D16
P5S1
7R0_
H0.
14V
S0.7
R3
P-w
avel
et
ScP-
wav
elet
-10
-50
510
time
[ s
]
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
1: SCP Z
2: SUM Z
3: -?- -?-
SOUTH_13
D7P
5S20
R0_
H0.
14V
S0.7
P-w
avel
et
ScP-
wav
elet
-10
-50
510
time
[ s
]
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
1: SCP Z
2: SUM Z
3: -?- -?-
4: -?- -?-
5: -?- -?-
6: -?- -?-
7: -?- -?-
8: -?- -?-
9: -?- -?-
10: -?- -?-
time
[ s
]
-10
D10
P10S
10R
10_H
1VS0
.5R
10D
10P1
0S10
R10
_H1V
S0.5
D10
P10S
10R
10_H
0.14
VS0
.7D
10P1
0S10
R10
_H0.
2VS0
.7D
10P1
0S10
R10
_H0.
5VS0
.7D
10P1
0S10
R10
_H1V
S0.7
D10
P10S
10R
10
IASP
ScP-
wav
elet
P-w
avel
et
-50
510
130˚
130˚
135˚
135˚
140˚
140˚
145˚
145˚
150˚
150˚
155˚
155˚
160˚
160˚
165˚
165˚
170˚
170˚
175˚
175˚
180˚
180˚
185˚
185˚
-30˚
-30˚
-25˚
-25˚
-20˚
-20˚
100.0
200.0
300.0
1: N12 Z
FIJI 24-JUL-1979_09:21 DEPTH=546KM DISTANCE=44.28DEG BAZ=94.98DEG MAG=5.3
NORTH_12
100.0
200.0
300.0
1: C50 Z
FIJI 10-JUL-1981_23:05 DEPTH=630KM DISTANCE=43.28DEG BAZ=100.25DEG MAG=5.0
CENTR_50
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
1: SUM Z
FIJI 12-NOV-1979_07:34 DEPTH=515KM DISTANCE=42.33DEG BAZ=104.66DEG MAG=5.1
SOUTH_12
100
100
∆=
44.
28
∆=
42.
33
∆
200
= 4
3.28
0
300
020
0
h =
515
km
h =
546
km
200
300
h =
530
km
time
[ s
]tim
e [
s ]
0
100
300
Sout
h
Cen
ter
Nor
th
P
Sour
ces
WR
A
PcP
PcP
?Sc
P
P
poin
tsR
efle
ctio
n
ScP
PcP
ScP
ScP
P
Seba
stia
n R
ost
Stru
ctur
e of
the
Low
erm
ost M
antle
(sro
st@
es.u
csc.
edu)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
1: -?- -?-
2: -?- -?-
3: -?- -?-
Sc*s
sP
Sc*s
pP
ScP
ScP
ScsP
SPcP
SdP
ScP
Sc*p
pP
-10
-50
105
H1_
VS0
.7
D20
P10S
10R
10
IASP
time
[ s
]
Just
in R
even
augh
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
1: SCP Z
2: S_32 Z
3: -?- -?-
SOUTH_32
ScP-
wav
elet
P-w
avel
et
D10
P8S2
5R5
-10
-50
510
time
[ s
]
02000
4000
6000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Cor
e
Man
tle
CM
B✽
▲
Dat
a
Con
clus
ions
CR
Z
UL
VZ
b)
a)
ULVZ CRZ
ScP
SPcP
ScsP
SdP
Sc*p
pPCM
B
Sc*s
pP
CRZULVZ
CM
BSc*s
sP
Met
hod
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