Biomedical Embedded Systems

7/27/2019 Biomedical Embedded Systems

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BIOMEDICAL

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS


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Introduction

Embedded systemsare not recognizable ascomputers. They are hidden inside everydayobjects that surround us and help

us in our lives.

Do not interfacewith the outside world through familiar personalcomputer interfaces- mouse, keyboard and graphic user interface.

Interface with the outside world - sensors, actuators and specializedcommunication links.

Embedded system is combination of hardware and softwarewhichtogether form a component of a larger machine which can perform aparticular function.


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Introduction

They often need to provide their services within strict time deadlinesto their users and to the surroundingworld.

Using of real-time operating systemsin embedded software

Designed to run on its own withouthuman intervention-respond toevents in real time.

Embedded systems may be used in medical equipments.

Their extensive use and integration in everyday products marks asignificant evolution in information science and technology.


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Trends in Medical Systems

Trends in Medical Systemsare following: Direct face-to-face medical support to remote

supervision and monitoring automated for control

of long-term medication and treatment.

New means of interaction and surgery by new

medical devices(MEMS, nano devices).

Smarter healthcare systems: automated error-

free provision in hospitals.


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Transducer that uses pulsed

doppler ultrasound to measure

fetal heart rate

Continuousarterial

bloodgas monitor


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Telemedicine

Telemedicine may be defined as the use

of computers and telecommunication

technologies to provide medical

information and services from distantlocations


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Requirement Specification

A patient getting treated

A Doctor

A remote telemedicine

console having audio visual

and data conferencing facilities

An expert/ specialized doctor

A central telemedicine server

having audio visual and data

conferencing facility

Nodal HospitalNodal Hospital

POTS / ISDN

Referral HospitalReferral Hospital


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Sequence of Operation

PATIENT IN

Patient visits OPD

Local Doctor checks up

Patient receives local treatment and

not referred to telemedicine system

Patient referred to the Telemedicine system (some special

investigations may be suggested)

Patient visits Telemedicine data-entry console.

Operator entries patient record, data and images of testresults, appointment date is fixed for online telemedicine

session

OUT

OUT

Offline Data transfer

from Nodal Centre

Day One


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Sequence of Operation

Day Two

Patient 1Patient 2

Patient 3

Patient 4

.

.

.

Online conference for the patient.

Patient, local doctors at the nodal hospital

and specialist doctors at the referral

hospital

IN OUT


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Hardware Configuration

Digital camera

Referral Hospital

Nodal Hospital

PSTN/ISDN/VSAT link

Scanner

PrinterModem

Modem

Microscope and other

medical instruments

Video Conference

Video Conference

Telephone

Telephone

Digital camera

Referral Hospital

Nodal Hospital

PSTN/ISDN/VSAT link

Scanner

PrinterModem

Modem

Microscope and other

medical instruments

Video Conference

Video Conference

Telephone

Telephone


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Software Modules -1

Data AcquisitionData Acquisition

Data Distributor

Data Distributor

Temp

FilesLocal

DB

Data EncryptionData Encryption

Data SenderData Sender Data Receiver

Data Receiver

Data DistributorData Distributor

Patient data

Browser

Patient data

Browser

User InterfaceUser Interface

Data DecryptionData Decryption

Master

Database

Temp

Files

D A T A

Acknowledgement

NODAL CENTRE REFERRAL CENTRE

Data Flow Diagram

For Off line Communication


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Software Modules - 2

Data

Acquisition

Data

Acquisition

Online SessionCoordinator and

communicator

Online Session

Coordinator and

communicator

Local

DB

Online Session

Coordinator and

communicator

Online Session

Coordinator andcommunicator

Master

DB

Secure Communication

Channel

NODAL CENTRE REFERRAL CENTRE

Data Flow Diagram

For Online Communication

Video Conferencing Video Conferencing


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Intelligent home healthcare embedded system

Intelligent home health care embedded system which can providediagnosis about health status for patients directly at home.

Pluggable medical transducers (e.g. electrocardiograph,sphygmomanometer, blood glucose meter, etc.) can be flexiblyconnected to the interface of the embedded system.

Patients can have health checking by themselves easily and advicesabout their health status are displayed to them immediately.

Expert system with updatable knowledge base for diagnosis of the

health status.

Primary diagnosis results will be displayed as a preliminary adviceto the patients.


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Intelligent home healthcare embedded system

Fall detection systemfor the elderly. Falls are common in the elderly and constitute a major

health burden.

Prototype is wearable accelerometer for fall detection(Analog Devices ADXL105 )


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Wireless Biomedical System Design Based on

ZigBee Technology

It has the capability to monitor vital signals from multiple

biosensors.

Biomedical signals are collected and processed using 2-

tiered subsystems.

The first stage is the mobile device carried on the body

that runs a number of biosensors.

At the second stage, further processing is performed by

a local base station.


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FPGA Module for image processing

A module with Virtex-II FPGA & 256

Mb of external RAM.


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Result OriginalImage

Below 45

degree

Back-ProjectionReconstruction

Above 45

degree

Complete

reconstruction


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MRI


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Conclusion

Embedded systems will have a more important role in

biomedical applications in the following period.

Exploring and exploiting new opportunities in theemerging interface between computer and

biology/healthcare.

Developing smart applications that improves productivityand quality in the bio-laboratories.

Pervasive embedded computing technologies to promote

research productivity in biomedical laboratories


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Biomedical Embedded Systems

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