A solar cell

• 1. Seminar By: Pritam Rath Regd. No. 0911013206 Dept. Of Electrical Engineering ITER, Bhubaneswar A SOLAR CELL 1

2. Efficiency Study Solar Cell Types Equivalent Circuit Diagram Maximum Cell Performance Solar Cell Characteristics A Solar Cell How to Harness Solar Power Solar Energy Need 2 3. SOLAR ENERGY NEED FOOD ENERG Y HUMAN HUMAN HOTEL A HOTEL B 80 INR 150 INR COAL, NUCLEAR SOLAR, GEO THERMAL, WIN D LESS COSTLY BIT COSTLY 3 4. HOW TO HARNESS SOLAR ENERGY P N P N Solar Power is converted to electricity using PV (Photovoltaic) effect.Solar Power is concentrated and converted to thermal energy which is converted to electric energy. 4 5. In 1839, Edmond Becquerel found that two different brass plates immersed in a liquid produced a continuous current when illuminated with sunlight. We now believe that he had made a copper - cuprous oxide thin - film solar cell. Later in the 1870s, Willoughby Smith, W. G. Adams, and R. E. Day discovered a PV effect in selenium. A solar cell is a semi-conducting device made of silicon or other materials, which, when exposed to sunlight, generates electricity. It uses the Photovoltaic technology. A SOLAR CELL 5 6. # 7. MATERIALS FOR A SOLAR CELL WHY SEMICONDUCTORS ARE USED?? 7 8. SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS I-V CHARACTERISTICS (WITHOUT ILLUMINATION) P N P N I V I=Io{exp(V/VT)-1} Where, Io= reverse saturation current VT = Voltage equivalent of Temperature Normally at 20 degrees it is 26 mV. VT = kT/q 8 9. SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS I-V CHARACTERISTICS (WITH ILLUMINATION) I V P N P N Isc Isc Voc Voc 9 10. SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS I-V CHARACTERISTICS Voc Isc I=-Isc+Io{exp(V/VT)-1} Voc=VT ln{(Isc/Io)+1} 10 11. Fill Factor FF= Vm.Im/Voc.Isc Efficiency, Efficeincy=Vm.Im/Solar Power MAXIMUM CELL PERFORMANCE Vm V P Max. Power Point 11 12. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM I=Isc-Io{exp(V/VT)-1} 12 13. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 13 14. Bulk Material Cell Thin-Film Cell Single Crystal Silicon Cell Multicrystalline Silicon Cell Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cell GaAs Cell CIGS Cell CdTe Cell Organic PV Cell SOLAR CELL TYPES 14 15. THICKNESS OF ACTIVE MATERIAL Bulk Material Thin-Film Cell 15 16. TYPE OF ACTIVE MATERIAL USED Single Crystal Silicon Cell Multicrystalline Silicon Cell16 17. TYPE OF ACTIVE MATERIAL USED Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Cell 17 18. TYPE OF ACTIVE MATERIAL USED GaAs Cell CIGS Cell Organic PV Cell18 19. EFFICIENCY STUDY 19 20. 20 Martin A. Green, Keith Emery, Yoshihiro Hishikawa and Wilhelm Warta, Solar cell efficiency tables, Published online 18 June 2010 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/pip.1021. B H Khan, Non-Conventional Energy Resources, TMH-2nd Edition, Page 159-179. en.wikipedia.org/wiki.Solar_cell. http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/solar-cell- operation/iv-curve REFERENCES