3+ Class 5 - Knowledge on Interpersonal Relationships Page 1 · 4. Interpersonal Relationships a. Fundamental Concepts of Interpersonal Relationships b. Factors affecting degree of

3+ Class 5 - Knowledge on Interpersonal Relationships

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Factual Knowledge II - Interpersonal Relationship

4/6/2018 (Lesson 5)

Name:__________________________ Grade:____________

Your Goal: Understand all basic concepts of Interpersonal Relationship

Knowledges you should understand for level 3:

School Learning Objectives:

1. Fundamental Concepts of Personal Development

a. Self-concept and Johari’s Window

b. Self-perceptions, Real self and ideal self

c. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

d. Self-esteem and Production of Self-esteem

e. Factors affecting self-esteem - Five building blocks of

self-esteem

2. Teenager Salient Trend

a. Teenager Characteristics

b. Different Salient Trend among teenagers (E.g. Compensated

dating, smoking, gambling, over-consumption…..)

3. Social Mobility

a. Fundamental Concepts of Mobility among teenagers in HK

b. Current Situation of Social Mobility in Hong Kong

c. Factors and impacts of lack of social mobility

d. Suggestion and life skills to increase social mobility

4. Interpersonal Relationships

a. Fundamental Concepts of Interpersonal Relationships

b. Factors affecting degree of intimacy of a relationship

c. Different types of Teenager Common Interpersonal


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Relationships

d. Changes and Conflicts of Interpersonal Relationship

e. Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts

5. Roles and Responsibilities of Adolescence

a. Rights of Adolescence and Hong Kong Residence

b. Legal Penalties for Adolescence (Juvenile Legal Rights)

c. Roles, rights and responsibilities

1. Interpersonal Relationship (人際關係)

Interpersonal Relationship is the interdependent and interconnected social

relations that are formed in the interaction among various social groups.

Development of interpersonal interaction is dynamic and it is not established

at one stroke. It evolves in phases and changes continuously and is built and

maintained through communication.

There must be 2 people or above to form an interpersonal relationship

Example: Relatives, friends, classmates, teacher-student, romantic…..

2. Benefits for Developing Interpersonal Relationships

● Enhancing self-perceptions

● Meeting affective needs

● Understanding social norms (Socialization) and providing resources

● Improve self-esteem and promote physical/mental health

● Increase sense of security, happiness, confidence


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3. Different Types of Interpersonal Relationships

Type Description

Romantic

Relationship

● Usually involved one male and one female

● Both people love and support each other

● Romantic Relationship is the relationship of oneself to

dating partners/lover.

Teacher-to-

student

Relationship

● Involves a teacher and a student

● A teacher should be senior than then student.

● The teacher teaches and educates the student

Peer

Relationship

● Peer Relationship is the relationship of oneself to

peers.

● Peers have similar age, similar interest, similar

experiences so they feel sense of security and

affiliation

Parent-to-child

Relationship

● Involves with the parent and the child

● There is a parenting style of the parent educating the

children

4. Parenting Style

Family as an important place of socialization

Family has an important impact on one’s development of personality and

self-esteem.

● Encouragement and praise from family members help children

determine on their objectives and directions and enhance

self-recognition - Positive Impact on self-esteem


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Parenting styles and parents expectations of their children also affect the

children’s self-esteem.:

➢ Higher self-esteem - Parents adopt liberal and receptive attitudes

➢ Lower self-esteem - Parents are too strict or over-protective

Parents need to have an appropriate expectations to help children set clear

goals and prompt them to strive for these goals. However, unreasonably high

expectations will put pressure on the children. They may have a sense of

inferiority.

Parenting Style

Self-esteem

Behaviour Aspirations

Authoritative High High self-evaluation, more friendly, helpful, sociable and self-confident. Less behavioural problems and more socially adaptable and independent

Strive to pursue success

Authoritarian Low More aggressive, withdrawn and dependent behaviour. Poorer self-image

Have a rather strong sense of social responsibility


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Indulgent (Permissive)

Low More dependent, lower ability of self-control. Immature, can rarely accept responsibilities

Tend to be self-centred. Have less consideration for social duties and responsibilities

Neglecting (Uninvolved)

Low More aggressive and/or disobedient. Sometimes pursue criminal behaviour.

Lack the motivation to pursue success

5. Factors affecting Intimacy of an Interpersonal Relationship

● Blood Type

● Degree of Variability in Relationships (變化性)

● Frequency and Depth of Contact

● Amount and Depth of Shared Experience

● Dependency on each other

6. Interpersonal Conflicts

Interpersonal Conflicts is a situation of argument or disagreement between

two parties. It may cause positive effect such as mutual understanding if

handled properly but negative result if handled improperly.

Causes of Interpersonal Conflicts:

● Conflict of interest

● Difference of opinion

● Disparity in value

● Lack of communication / Miscommunication

● Different backgrounds and values

● Inequitable allocation of resources and interests

● Roles under relationship are not met


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7. Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts

The Methods to handle interpersonal conflicts are being classified into 5 main

categories:

The 5 categories base on the 2

elements:

1. Collaborate with others

2. Degree of insisting on own

perspectives

The 5 Categories: (3C2A)

1. Compromising (妥協)

2. Collaborating (協作)

3. Competing (競爭)

4. Avoiding (躲避)

5. Accommodating (將就)

The Methods grouped base on the 2 main elements:

The 5 Methods Own

Perspective

Others

Perspective

Explanation

Compromising Middle Middle The willingness to care

to others and ownself is

medium

Collaborating High High Care about others,

action fully satisfies both

sides

Competing High Low More care on own, less

care on others

Avoiding Low Low The performance to own

and others is not caring

Accommodating Low High Care about others but

less on ownself


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Explanation of the 5 common ways for handling interpersonal relationship

The 5 Methods Explanation Impacts

Compromising

妥協

Ownself and others giving way

and agree to give up part of

their interest to reach

compromise. Spend time on

communication to show that

both parties are willing to

make rational communication

with the other side.

雙方各自讓出自我去協調理

性溝通

Perspectives and interests

of both parties are

respected -> Deeply

understand each other

-> win-win solution

雙方想法得以了解，雙

贏場面

Collaborating

協作

Ownself and others sincerely

and honestly communicating

and collaborating to reach a

consensus.

真誠溝通去達致共識

(Solution fully satisfy both

sides)

Perspectives and interests

of both parties are

respected -> Deeply

understand each other ->

win-win solution

雙方想法得以了解，雙

贏場面

Competing

競爭

Ownself and others have

conflict with one another in

pursuit of self-interest ->

Forcing the opposite side to

change

Reluctantly undermining

one’s interest ->

Winner-takes-all -> Leads

to more conflicts


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逼使對方去改變自己而自己

不改變

勉強破壞一方（成者為

王，敗者為寇），引致

更多衝突

Avoiding

躲避

Ownself and others avoid the

source of the conflict, neither

face the conflict in a positive

way nor make any changes

雙方避免處理紛爭，不正面

面對／不改變

Cannot let both parties

eliminate disagreement

through communication ->

Conflicts to persist ->

lose-lose solution

雙方分歧不得消除，雙

輸場面

Accommodatin

g將就

Ownself or others is opting out

and not dealing with the

opposite side

自我犧牲，不作紛爭處理

Sacrificing one personal’s

interests to the end the

current conflict -> Help

avoid minor conflicts but

does not solve the root of

the problem

自我犧牲，治標不治本

8. Social Mobility

Social Mobility 社會流動性

Social Mobility is the movement of different people within or between

social strata in a society. (社會上不同人士於社會上不同的流動). The

movement can be upwards or downwards. It is often measured in terms of

earning, educational and occupational mobility.


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Earning Mobility 收入流動性

Earning Mobility is the movement of an individual from one income group to

another income group. An ability to improve their economic status. (人工收

入流動至不同的收入群組)

Earning and Economics (Concept):

Economic Growth -> Increase of Economic Activities -> Increase the size of the overall

economic pie -> Increase salary -> Providing more opportunities for people moving up the

earnings ladder


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9. Lack of Social Mobility in Hong Kong

Causes

Personal Aspect

1. Academic Inflation

(Academic Qualification)

The value of university

degree depreciates due to

academic inflation

Academic Inflation:

More people can achieve

the degree -> More

competitive -> Harder to

get a job -> Unemployment

2. Lack of Life Skills

Teenagers nowadays have

lack of life skills

(Life Skills example: Physical

Fitness, Communication

Skills, Talents, Cooking….)

Lack of life skills -> Cannot

socialize (socialization) ->

Cannot climb up

3. Poor Attitude

Teenagers nowadays have

poor attitude. They are

very mean and

non-mannered to people

Teenagers are also choosy

about their jobs.

Poor attitude -> Poor

Socialization -> Cannot

climb up

Family Aspect

1. Poor Socio-economic Status

(+ Intergenerational Poverty)

Family’s socio-economic background is

essential to the future of youth

Rich family -> Better equipped -> More

ways in future careers

Poor family -> Will not enjoy too much

privileged -> Cannot climb up

2. Poor Connection

(Lack of connection between the family)

The family doesn’t care about the children

Children cannot study well

Not enough care and support

The family is too authoritarian

Not enough care and support

Pressure to kid


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Social/Governmental Aspect

1. Poor Governmental

Policy

E.g. DSE System -> Cause

academic inflation -> Low

social mobility

E.g. Slow Housing Built-up

progress by the government

-> Hard to afford housing +

Long waiting time for Public

Housing

2. Poor Economic

Situation

E.g. Too much inflation ->

Price Level are high ->

People cannot afford that

price -> Low social mobility

E.g. Housings are too

expensive -> People cannot

afford it -> Low social

mobility

3. Poor Social

Atmosphere

E.g. People think that

teenagers are trash (I.e.

Only occupying central, 冷

漠，廢青) -> Teenagers

cannot move upward due

to those stereotypes

Impacts

Personal Aspect

1. Damage Quality of Life

Low social mobility -> Low wage level ->

low living standard -> Low quality of life ->

Damage personal health

2. Low Self-esteem

Low social mobility -> Cannot move

upward -> always so poor -> Low

self-image -> Affect mental health and

self-esteem

Family Aspect

1. Increase family burden

Low social mobility -> Teenagers are poor -> Teenagers cannot feed and afford

themselves -> They need help from their family -> Increase family burden


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Social/Governmental Aspect

1. Increase

governmental expenses

(Social Welfare)

Low social mobility -> The

government needs to do

things to solve the problem

(E.g. build more houses,

provide financial support)

-> Increase welfare

expenses

2. Burden Social

Development and affect

competitivity

Teenagers are the future

pillars of the society -> Lack

of mobility -> Depression to

the society -> Less

motivation -> Less

contribution to the society

Academic Inflation -> More

competitivity

Lack of social mobility ->

Teenagers may leave HK for

further development ->

Impact to competitivity

3. Affect Social Stability

The society becomes more

unstable.

Lack of social mobility ->

Teenagers will think that

they are being neglected ->

The government don’t

respond to them -> Cause

dissatisfaction towards the

society and the government

-> Anti-government

campaigns -> Strike, Civil

Disobedience -> Damage

social harmony -> Affect

social stability

10. Acquiring Life Skills and solving lack of social mobility

Developing Different Life Skills

1. Multi-talent

Learn, explore and investigate your own potential talents (E.g. Piano, Sport, Languages)

-> It can turn to an opportunity for earning money (E.g. Teaching)

2. Computer Literacy and Use of new media

The future pillars of the society is ICT (Information Communication Technology) and

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) -> Learning ICT and STEM will have a

better social mobility -> Easily move upward

Good use of media + Using ICT skills -> People will know more about you -> Easily

increase working opportunities


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3. Language Ability

Learning more types of languages (E.g. Putonghua, French, Japanese, Spanish) -> Better

communication with the outsiders -> Increase working opportunities (i.e. Working

outside)

4. Adaptiveness and Solving Problem Ability

Be adaptive to different places -> Increase working opportunities in other places

Better solving Problem Ability -> Demonstrates your better ability -> Increase working

opportunity

5. Be open-minded and creative (AIR)

Open-minded -> More ideas can be think -> Demonstrates better working ability ->

Better plan of your own life career -> Increase social mobility

Creative -> Let more people know your innovation -> Increase working opportunities

6. Global Vision and Cultural Sensitivity

Be global minded -> Look things widely in a global view -> Being a global citizen ->

Increase working opportunities outside

Cultural Sensitivity -> Understand different culture and cultural diversity, learning

culture to broaden and improve yourself -> Know different customs and courtesies ->

Increase working opportunities outside

7. Professional Qualifications

Get more professional qualifications (i.e. Degree, Bachelors…) -> Boss will consider you

having a higher working ability and qualification -> Easier to find a job -> Increase

educational, earning and social mobility

Governmental Policies and NGO’s

1. Increase housing supply and welfares

Build more housings to let teenagers to live in (I.e. Public Housing, Youth Hostel…) ->

Solve housing affordability of teenagers -> Increase social mobility

Better welfare system -> Decrease taxation and provide more support (e.g. Financial

Support, academic support) to teenagers -> Teenagers can move upward


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2. Government welfare plans and push diversified industries

The government provide different welfares to teenagers (E.g. Transport, Education,

Occupation) -> Better self-ability and economic status -> Increase social mobility

Push diversified industries -> Teenagers can develop themselves in multi-variety of

aspect (E.g. Environment, Cultural, Innovation Tech.) -> Develop their talents -> Increase

social mobility

3. Provide more job opportunities and practices for teenagers (NGO + Government)

Provide more job opportunities -> Teenagers will be available to work -> Increase social

mobility

Offering Practices for teenagers (E.g. Tutorial Service) -> Teenagers can easily access to

further education -> Higher job opportunities in the future -> Increase social mobility


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3+ Class 5 - Knowledge on Interpersonal Relationships Page 1 · 4. Interpersonal Relationships a. Fundamental Concepts of Interpersonal Relationships b. Factors affecting degree of

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