1 - OTF202101 OptiX RTN 910950 V100R002 Hardware Description ISSUE 1.00

OptiX RTN 910/950 Hardware Description

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without

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Contents

OptiX RTN 910/950 Product Overview................................................Page3

OptiX RTN 910/950 Product Structure.................................................Page19

OptiX RTN 910/950 Product Protection ...............................................Page103



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After the course, trainees should summarize the main characteristics of OptiX RTN

910/950,be clear the general structure of the system and functions of every parts.

Depending on the protection schemes introduced in the course, trainees should also

explain the protection modes application in the OptiX RTN 910/950 system, also the

trainees should be clear the function of AM (Adaptive Modulation) and Hybrid

Microwave.

The Hybrid Microwave indicates the hybrid transmission of E1 services and Ethernet

services.

"AM" stands for adaptive modulation. The AM function can automatically adjust the

modulation scheme according to the channel quality. The QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM,

64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM can be used as the modulation scheme. The AM is

used only in the hybrid microwave.



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The OptiX RTN 910/950 is a new generation split microwave transmission system

developed by Huawei. It can provide a seamless microwave transmission solution for

a mobile communication network or private network.

The OptiX RTN 910/950 provides several types of service interfaces and facilitates

installation and flexible configuration. It can provide a solution that is integrated with

the TDM microwave, hybrid microwave, and packet microwave according to the

network requirements. It supports the smooth upgrade from the TDM microwave to

the hybrid microwave, and from the hybrid microwave to the packet microwave. The

solution can evolve based on the service changes that may occur due to radio mobile

network evolution. Thus, this solution can meet the transmission requirements of not

only 2G and 3G networks, but also LTE and 4G networks.

The TDM microwave transmission solution and the hybrid microwave transmission

solution respectively that are provided by the OptiX RTN 910/950 for the mobile

communication network.



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From the lower to the upper, the OptiX RTN 910/950 equipment consists of in-door

unit (IDU), intermediate frequency (IF) cable, out-door unit (ODU), hybrid coupler,

pole, and antenna.

The hybrid coupler is optional, only necessary when two ODUs need to be connected

to one antenna.



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The OptiX RTN 910/950 products are available in two types: OptiX RTN 910 and

OptiX RTN 950. The IDU of the OptiX RTN 910 is 1U high and supports one or two IF

boards. The IDU of the OptiX RTN 950 is 2U high and supports one to six IF boards.

The users can choose an appropriate type according to the actual requirements.



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The IF cable provides -48V power for ODU and transmits the IF signal and ODU

management signal between IDU and ODU.

IF jumper is one type of soft cable which help the chassis to be installed in the

300mm cabinet.



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The ODU is round and installed behind the antenna. It enables the conversion

between the IF analog signal and radio frequency (RF) signal, and amplifying the RF

signal. The ODU is irrelevant to the microwave transmission capacity. An ODU of the

OptiX RTN 910/950 can support the transmission capacity from 4xE1 to 1xSTM-1 in

SDH/PDH microwave system, and from 10Mbps(Max. E1 is 5) to 363Mbps(Max E1 is

75) in hybrid microwave system. When one ODU is configured for an antenna, install

the ODU behind the antenna directly or separately connected to the antenna through

a flexible waveguide . If two ODUs are configured for an antenna, the two ODUs are

connected to the antenna through a hybrid coupler.



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The ODU is the outdoor unit of the OptiX RTN 910/950. It performs frequency

conversion and amplification of signals.

The OptiX RTN 910/950 series products share one set of ODUs.The OptiX RTN 910

supports standard power ODU, high power ODU, and low capacity for PDH ODU.



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The OptiX RTN 950 support standard power ODU and high power ODU.



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When two ODUs share one antenna, the ODUs must be connected to a hybrid

coupler whose full name is RF signal coupler/splitter. The hybrid coupler is a part of

an irregular shape with three interfaces. Two of them are ODU interfaces and one is

the antenna interface. The main function of the hybrid coupler is to couple and split

the RF signal.



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There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and

separate mounting. The direct mounting method is normally adopted when a small-

diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is

configured for one antenna, the ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If

two ODUs are configured for one antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter

referred to as a hybrid coupler) must be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna.

The separate mounting method is adopted when a double-polarized antenna or big-

diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, a hybrid coupler can

be mounted. That is, two ODUs share one feed boom.



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SNCP:Sub-network Connection Protection

XPIC: Cross-polarization interference cancellation

ATPC:Automatic Transmit Power Control

LMSP: Linear Multiplex Section Protection

ERPS:Ethernet Ring Protection Switching

LAG: Link Aggregation

MSTP:Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol



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Adaptive modulation (AM) is a technology wherein the modulation mode can be adjusted automatically according to the channel quality.

In the case of the same channel spacing, the microwave service bandwidth varies according to the modulation mode. The higher the modulation efficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services. When the channel quality is favorable (such as on days when the weather is favorable), the equipment adopts a higher modulation mode to try to transmit more user services. In this manner, the transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system are improved. When the channel quality is degraded (such as on days when the weather is stormy and foggy), the equipment adopts a lower modulation mode to transmit only the services with a higher priority within the available bandwidth and to discard the services with a lower priority. In this manner, the anti-interference capability of a link is improved and the link availability of the services with a higher priority is ensured.

When the hybrid microwave equipment adopts the AM technology, it controls service transmission based on the service bandwidth and QoS policy corresponding to the current modulation mode. The E1 services have the highest priority. By adopting the CoS technology, the equipment schedules Ethernet services of different types to the queues with different priorities. The services in the queues of different priorities are transmitted to the microwave port. When the queues of certain priorities are congested because of insufficient microwave bandwidth, the queues of these priorities discard certain or all services. When the hybrid microwave works in the lowest modulation mode, the equipment transmits only the E1 services and the Ethernet services of the high priority on the available bandwidth. When the Hybrid microwave works in any other modulation mode, all the additional bandwidth is used to transmit the Ethernet services. In this manner, the availability of the links that carry the E1 services and the Ethernet services of the high priority is ensured and the Ethernet service capacity is increased, thus providing the dynamic bandwidth.

Slide shows the service change caused by the AM. The orange part indicates the E1 services. The blue part indicates the Ethernet services. The closer to the edge of the blue part, the lower the priority of the Ethernet service. Under all channel conditions, the E1 services occupy the specific bandwidth that is permanently available. Thus, the availability of the E1 services is ensured. The bandwidth for the Ethernet services varies according to the channel conditions. When the channel is in bad conditions, the Ethernet services of the low priority are discarded.



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What are the components of the OptiX RTN 910/950?

Six parts, IDU, IF cable, ODU, hybrid coupler, antenna and pole

What are the functions of them?

IDU process the service signal (baseband signal) and converting it between

intermediate frequency signal.

IF cable transmitting and receiving the IF signal, ODU management signal and

-48V DC power of ODU between ODU and IDU.

ODU process the conversion between IF signal and RF signal.

Hybrid couple is used to combined or split the RF signal between ODUs and

antenna.

The pole is just used to support the antenna in the hardware installation.

What are the connection relations between the components?

IDUIF cable ODU Hybrid coupler antenna



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Functional Unit Function

Service interface unit Accesses E1/STM-1/Ethernet signals

Timeslot cross-connect unit Provides the cross-connect function and grooms TDM

services

Packet switching unit Processes Ethernet services and forwards packets

IF unit Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and

demaps microwave frame signals to service signals

Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and

IF analog signals

Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the

ODU.Supports FEC

Control unit System communications and control.

System configuration and management.

Collects alarms and monitors performance.

Cross-connects overheads.

Clock unit Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock

signals for the system.

Supports input and output of one external clock signal.

Auxiliary interface unit Provides the orderwire interface.

Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.

Provides the external alarm input/output interface.

Power unit Accesses –48 V/–60 V DC power.

Provides DC power for the IDU.

Provides –48 V DC power for the ODU.

Fan unit Provides wind cooling for the IDU



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The IDU 910 is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 910.

The IDU 910 adopts the card plug-in design. It can implement different functions by

configuring different types of boards. All the service boards support hot-swapping.

The EXT represents an extended slot, which can be inserted with various IF boards

and interface boards.

Slot 1 is the TDM/Hybrid control, switching, and timing board, CSTA is the

TDM/Hybrid control, switching, and timing board, and CSHA/CSHB/CSHC are Hybrid

control, switching, and timing board.



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There are 3 groups of the paired slots, slot 1 and slot 2, slot 3 and slot5, slot 4 and

slot 6. The paired slots are used in the 1+1 FD or 1+1 SD configuration.



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The IF board receives and transmits 1x IF signal. It realizes the conversion between

baseband digital signal and IF signal, it also provides -48V DC power supply and

management signal to the ODU.

The ODU is not inserted in a physical slot but has a logical slot on the NMS. The

logical slot number of the ODU is the logical slot number of the IF board that is

connected to the ODU plus 20.



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The ODU-PWR switch is equipped with a lockup device. To turn on or turn off the

switch, you need to first pull the switch lever outwards slightly. When the switch is set

to "O", it indicates that the circuit is open. When the switch is set to "I", it indicates that

the circuit is closed.



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The channel spacing 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz frequency

band.

The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported

by the product. The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.

The SDH/PDH radio link of the OptiX RTN 950 supports all microwave modulation

mode. If the SDH/PDH radio link supports the 4E1/16QAM microwave modulation

mode, it cannot use the high power ODU.

The OptiX RTN 910 whose equipment is in the form of PDH microwave equipment

supports the first six microwave modulation mode.

The OptiX RTN 910 whose equipment is in the form of SDH microwave equipment

supports all microwave modulation mode. If the OptiX RTN 910 supports the

4E1/16QAM microwave modulation mode, it cannot use the high power ODU.



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The channel spacings 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, and 55 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz

frequency band.

The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported

by the product. The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.

E1 services need to occupy the corresponding bandwidth of the service capacity. The

bandwidth remaining after the E1 service capacity is subtracted from the service

capacity can be provided for Ethernet services.

The OptiX RTN 910/950 whose equipment is in the form of hybrid microwave

equipment supports all microwave modulation mode. If the OptiX RTN 910 supports

the 56 MHz microwave modulation mode, it must use the high power ODU.



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Optical interfaces description:

TX1 Transmit port of the first STM-1 optical interface

RX1 Receive port of the first STM-1 optical interface

TX2 Transmit port of the second STM-1 optical interface

RX2 Receive port of the second STM-1 optical interface



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In the case of the OptiX RTN 950/910, only the ports 1-16 and 22-37 of the SP3D

interface are used. Ports 1-16correspond to E1 signals 1-16 and ports 22-37

correspond to E1 signals 17-32.



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The Ethernet interface board can realize the following functions when working with

the packet switching board:

Supports port-based, port+VLAN-based, and port+QinQ E-Line services.

Supports 802.1d bridge-based, 802.1q bridge-based, and 802.1ad bridge-

based E-LAN services.

The Ethernet boards can process 1518 bytes to 9600 bytes frame length.

Supports the link aggregation group (LAG) function.

Supports the Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS).



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The EM6T provides two GE electrical interfaces whereas the EM6F uses the SFP

optical modules to provide two GE optical or electrical interfaces. The GE electrical

interfaces are compatible with the FE electrical interfaces.

Description of the interfaces

FE1/2/3/4, FE interface, RJ-45

GE1/2 ,GE electrical interface (EM6T),RJ-45

GE1/2 ,GE optical interface (EM6F) ,LC (SFP optical module)



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The LINK1 and LINK2 indicators are available only on the EM6F and indicate the

states of the corresponding GE optical interfaces



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Functions of CSTA

Provides full timeslot cross-connections for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services

equivalent to 8x8 VC-4s.

Performs system communication and control.

Provides the clock processing function and supports one external clock

input/output function.

Provides 16 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interfaces.

Uses the SFP module to provide two STM-1 optical or electrical interfaces.

Provides one Ethernet NM interface, one NM serial interface, and one NE

cascading interface.

Provides one orderwire phone interface, one asynchronous data interface, and

three-input and one-output external alarm.



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Functions of CSHA:



Provides the 4.2 Gbit/s packet switching capability.



Provides two FE electrical interfaces.

Provides two GE electrical interfaces that are compatible with the FE electrical

interface.




three-input and one-output external alarm interfaces.



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Functions of CSHB:







Provides two GE electrical interfaces that are compatible with the FE electrical

interface.







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Functions of CSHC:






Uses the SFP module to provide two STM-1 optical interfaces.


Uses the SFP module to provide two GE optical or electrical interfaces that are

compatible with the FE electrical interface.







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Auxiliary Interfaces and Management Interfaces



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The CSHA/CSHB/CSHC is the integrated Hybrid system control and communication,

switching, and clock board. The differences between the CSHA, CSHB, and CSHC

are with regard to the types and number of service interfaces.

Auxiliary Interfaces and Management Interfaces



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All the auxiliary Interfaces (orderwire, clock inputting, external alarm interfaces etc.)

are integrated on the system control, switching and timing board in IDU 910.But there

is a independent AUX board that provides auxiliary Interfaces in IDU 950.



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Description of the auxiliary interfaces and management interfaces on the CST/CSH



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The ESD wrist strap needs to be connected to the ESD wrist strap jack to realize the

proper grounding of the human body.



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What types of the services can be supported by OptiX RTN 910 and OptiX RTN 950?

What are the corresponding boards used for them?

E1: SP3D and SP3S

FE/GE: EM6F and EM6T

What’s the use of the paired slots in IDU 910 and IDU 950 ?

For the 1+1 FD or 1+1 SD configuration.



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By the types of the antenna interface on ODU, ODU can be classified into waveguide

interface ODU and coaxial interface ODU. Usually 7GHz to 38GHz ODU is

waveguide interface and 6GHz SP serial ODU is coaxial interface.

The waveguide interface ODU can be installed by direct mount.

The typical waveguide interface ODU is 260 mm long, 260 mm wide, and 92 mm high.

Its weight is not more than 5 kg and its power consumption is not more than 40 W.

The following introduces the ODU interfaces. At the bottom of the ODU, there is a

round interface – antenna port. The OptiX RTN 910/950 equipments are installed

through direct covering. Thus, through the antenna interface, the ODU is directly

connected to the antenna back or the hybrid coupler. The ODU has the grounding

double-screw bolt, RSSI test interface, and an IF interface. The RSSI test interface

connects to the multi-meter for testing and receiving the signal intensity. The IF

interface connects to the IF cable, exchanges the IF signal and ODU management

signal at on the IDU IF board, and receives the DC feed current.

RSSI is the receive signal strength interface used for testing the ODU receiving power.



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Usually, it is used in separated mount, and RF cable is necessary.



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In the OptiX RTN 910/950, the hybrid coupler combines and splits the RF signals, that

is, combines two ODU RF signals into one RF signal in the transmission direction,

and sends the signal to the antenna. In the receiving direction, the hybrid coupler

splits the RF signal received by the antenna into two RF signals, and then sends the

signals to the ODU. As shown in this figure, the waveguide cavity of the hybrid

coupler provides three ports: antenna port (also called common port), primary

tributary port and secondary tributary port. The RF signals received by the primary

tributary port and secondary tributary port are integrated into one RF signal at the

waveguide cavity, and the signal is output from the antenna port. The RF signal

received by the antenna port is split into two FR signals at the waveguide, and then

the signals are output from the two tributary ports.



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The primary branch interface or secondary branch interface of a hybrid coupler that

has coaxial interfaces is connected to ODUs through an RF cable.



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Loss is the loss between primary branch to the antenna interface.

Coupling is the loss between secondary branch to the antenna interface.

VSWR stands for the voltage standing wave ratio.



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It is mainly protect the hardware of ODU and IF unit.



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In case of active IF board or active ODU failed, the standby ODU will be unmute

immediately, and cross-connection unit will also switch to the standby IF board for

receiving the signal simultaneously.



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Because of the multi-path fading, the 1+1 SD installing the main and standby

antennas in different positions to protect the transmission microwave channel.

The active and standby IF boards must be in the paired slots.



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In case of microwave signal degrade in main antenna for the multi-fading reason, the

active IF board can switch to the signal from standby IF board via the data bus

between the paired slots.



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The 1+1 FD uses the fading feature diversities between the signals of different

frequencies in the space transmission to protect the active and standby channels in

the microwave transmission..

The active and standby IF boards must be in the paired slots.



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In case of microwave signal on frequency f1 is degrade for the frequency selective

fading reason, the active IF board can switch to the signal from standby IF board via

the data bus between the paired slots.



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ERPS is applicable to ring physical networks and can provide protection for the E-

LAN servicesbetween all the nodes on the ring network. Generally, when a ring

network is configured withERPS, the main node blocks the ports on one side so that

all the services are transmitted throughthe ports on the other side. In this manner,

service loops are prevented. If a section of link failsor an NE becomes faulty, the main

node unblocks its blocked port so that the services are switched from the faulty point

to this port for transmission. In this manner, protection for thering network is realized.

The Ethernet ring network shown in slide is configured with ERPS. Generally, the

main node (NE D) blocks its port that is connected to NE A, and all the services are

transmitted over the link NE A - NE B - NE C - NE D. When the link between NE A

and NE B becomes faulty,NE D unblocks the blocked port so that the services can be

transmitted over the link NE A - NED - NE C - NE B.



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The OptiX RTN 910/950 supports only the MSTP protocol that uses the common and

internal spanning tree (CIST). The MSTP that uses the CIST can be used as a rapid

spanning tree protocol (RSTP). The RSTP is applicable in the case of a network loop.

This protocol adopts certain algorithms to reconstruct a loop network into a loop-free

tree network and thus prevents Ethernet frames from increasing and cycling in an

endless manner on the loop network. In the case of the OptiX RTN 910/950, the

MSTP is used to prevent a network loop on the access side.

When the user equipment accesses the OptiX RTN 950 through two different trails,

you can configure the ports on the OptiX RTN 950 that are connected to the user

network into a port group. This port group, together with the switch on the user

network, can run the MSTP. Hence, if an service access link becomes faulty, the

MSTP enables a re-configuration togenerate the spanning tree topology, thus

providing protection for the user network that is configured with multiple access points.



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The 1+1 HSB and 1+1 SD or FD can be exist together?

When the 1+1 FD or SD is configured, the HSB is enable automatically and

when the hardware failure take place, it will be trigged.



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When the OptiX RTN 910 whose equipment form is the SDH or PDH microwave

equipment forms the ring network protection, the SNCP is used to protect SDH/PDH

services.

When the OptiX RTN 910 whose equipment form is the hybrid microwave equipment

forms the ring network protection, the SNCP is used to protect E1 services and the

ERPS is used to protect Ethernet services.

When the OptiX RTN 910 whose equipment form is the SDH microwave equipment,

and the optical transmission equipment form a hybrid ring network, the SNCP is used

to protect STM-1 services on the ring network.



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When the SDH/PDH radio link forms the ring network protection, the SNCP is used to

protect SDH/PDH services.

When the hybrid radio link forms the ring network protection, the SNCP is used to

protect E1 services and the ERPS is used to protect Ethernet services.

When the SDH radio link and the optical STM-1 path form a hybrid ring network, the

SNCP is used to protect STM-1 services on the ring network.



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1 - OTF202101 OptiX RTN 910950 V100R002 Hardware Description ISSUE 1.00

Documents

nm serial interface

asynchronous data interface

fe electrical interface

ne cascading interface

ethernet nm interface

orderwire phone interface

mobile communication network

fe electrical interfaces