Subject and Bibliographic Access to ETDs in the Sciences and Technology in Digital Repositories and Online Catalogues: Perspectives from US and UK Science.
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Subject and Bibliographic Access to ETDs in the Sciences and Technologyin Digital Repositories and Online Catalogues:
Perspectives from US and UK Science Librarians
Main Authors
Simon Bevan (Cranfield Univ., UK)Sophie Bogdanski (West Virginia Univ., USA)
Anne Christie (Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks, USA)Bryna Coonin (East Carolina Univ., USA)
Susan Copeland (The Robert Gordon Univ., UK)
Outline
Project origins Research methodology Response profile The big picture Tools for accessing ETDs Metadata Searchability Observations
Project Origins
Bursary for study tour Volunteer group
little funding Professional Library Associations
ALA/ACRL/STS CILIP
Research Methodology
Targeted survey population – Science & Technology Librarians
Different responses from ‘normal’ respondents (eg IR managers)
Specifically Science & Tech ETDs Focus on tools – bib record metadata, content,
search mechanisms Institutions and respondents
USTLG Carnegie list
Omitted own institutions Survey instrument – Survey Monkey
Response Profile
How many postgraduates are enrolled at your institution?
8%
25%
31%
35%
18%
32%
46%
4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Fewer than 1,000 1,000 - 2,499 2,500 - 5,000 More than 5,000
US
UK
The Big Picture
Are your institution's theses/dissertations available electronically?
14%
77%
2% 5% 2%0%
16% 16%
24%
44%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
All Some None Not yet, but planto 1-3 years
Not yet, butconsidering
US
UK
Primary reasons for making your institution's theses/dissertations available electronically
4.934.6
4.13.8 3.68
4.36 4.44
2.88
2.29
3.13
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Access To increasevisibility of the
research
To provideembedded digital
formats
Preservation To save space
US
UK
Is your institution doing (or planning to do) any retrospective digitisation of theses or dissertations?
26%
16%
9%
21%
28%
8%
21%
13%
33%
25%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Yes No Not yet, butwithin 1-3 years
Not yet, butconsidering
I don't know
US
UK
Factors of importance when deciding to digitise
4.61 4.56
3.914.3
3.87
4.54 4.54
3.774.08
3.15
0
1
2
3
4
5
Most recent Most requested Most enthusiasticacademic
departments
Recognisedresearch strengths
of the institution
No embeddedcopyright material
(e.g. media)
US
UK
Is ETD submission mandatory for students at your institution?
37% 37%
7% 7%
12%
0%
48%
14%
33%
5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Yes No Varies bydiscipline
Will bemandatory within
1-3 years
I don't know
US
UK
TOOLS FOR ACCESSING ETDs
Is there an institutional repository at your institution?
49%
24%
12% 12%
2%
38%
21%17%
21%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Yes No Not yet, butwithin 1-3 years
Not yet, butconsidering
I don't know
US
UK
When was your IR established?
14%
0%
21%
0%
7%
14%
0%
29%
14% 14%
0% 0%
43%
0%0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 prior to2001
US
UK
Which platform (software) is being used for your institution's IR?
6%
38%
6%
13%
32%
13%
0% 0% 0% 0%
43%
71%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Commercial Dspace E-prints VT ETD Don't know Other
US
UK
How many ETDs are in your IR?
27%
20%
0%
13%
27%
13%
43%
29%
14% 14%
0% 0%0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
None Fewer than 50 50 - 99 100 - 500 More than 500 I don't know
US
UK
Which types of ETDs are included in your IR?
83%
50%
25%
0%
25%
100%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Doctoral Masters Other (please specify)
US
UK
Which Integrated Library System (ILS) is being used at your institution?
36%
16%
3%
16%
29%
0%
10%
24%
10%
29%
14% 14%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Voyager
/Exl
ibris
Aleph/E
xlibris
Horizon
/Sirs
i/Dyni
x
Unicorn
/Sirs
i/Dyn
ix
Mill
eniu
m/In
novativ
eTal
is
US
UK
Which types of theses and dissertations are included in your OPAC?
47%43%
67%
10% 10%
100%93%
100%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Doctoral (print) Masters (print) Doctoral (electronic) Masters (electronic)
US
UK
Comparison of ETDs in IR and OPACs
25%
0% 0% 0%
50%
25%
43%
10%
83%
100%
10%
47%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Bachelors
Masters
Ph.D.
Bachelors 25% 0% 0% 0%
Masters 50% 25% 43% 10%
Ph.D. 83% 100% 47% 10%
US UK US UK
IR OPAC
Metadata
Which metadata scheme is being used to catalogue ETDs in your IR?
25%
8%
0%
58%
8%
0%
25% 25%
0%
50%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Dublin Core ETD-MS (NDTLD metadata
set)
MODS (Library ofCongress)
Don't know Other
US
UK
Other than author and title, what other information is displayed in the bibliographic
record in the IR?
83%75%
59%50%
25% 25%17%
42%
100% 100% 100%
75%
50%
0%
25% 25%
75%
17% 17%
33%
50%
75%
25%25%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120% US
UK
US 83% 75% 59% 33% 75% 50% 25% 25% 17% 17% 17% 42%
UK 100% 25% 50% 75% 100% 100% 75% 50% 0% 25% 25% 25%
School/ Dept.
Advisor Date SeriesAbstract/Summar
y
Hyperlink to full text
IP/ Copyrigh
t
Subject Headings
,(L.C.)
Descrip-tors
Link to collectio
n
Link to college
Other
Other than author and title, what other type of information is included in the
bibliographic record in the OPAC?
15%
37%41%
8%
44%
7%
41%
11%
30%
37%
4%0%
64%
46%
9%
27%
9%
36%
9% 9%
63%
55%
36%
27%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
US
UK
US 63% 15% 37% 41% 8% 44% 7% 41% 11% 30% 37% 4%
UK 55% 0% 64% 46% 9% 27% 9% 36% 9% 27% 36% 9%
College/ Dept.
Advisor Date Series Abstract/Summary
Link to full text
IP/ Copyrigh
t
Subject Headings
(L.C.)
Descript-ors
Call number
In-house call
number
Link to a collection (PhD list)
Which is the archival (definitive) copy?
51%
15%
2%
17%
0%
15%
40%
10%
0%
30%
10% 10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Paper Electronic Microform Not declared anarchival copy
Not applicable Don't know
US
UK
Searchability
Which access points are hyperlinked within the bibliographic record in the IR to find “more of the
same” ?
8%
17%
8% 8%
58%
25%
0%
25%
0%
50% 50%
0%0%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Author Advisor College/Dept. Series Subject/topic None Other
US
UK
Which access points are hyperlinked within the bibliographic record in the OPAC to find "more of
the same"?
43%
7%10%
7%
40%37%
17%
0% 0%
6% 6%
72%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Author Advisor College/Department Series Subject None
US
UK
Can you search for your ETD collection as a separate group?
Yes, 54%Yes, 60%
Yes, 11%
No, 89%
Yes, 52%
No, 48%No, 40%
No, 31%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
US UK US UK
IR OPAC
Effective resources for finding sci-tech ETDs at your own institution
32%
8%
4%
0%
43%
29%
7%
0%
7%
56%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Own OPAC Own IR ProQuest Google GoogleScholar
US
UK
Other resources for finding sci-tech ETDs at your own institution
Federated search engine NDLTD union catalogue FirstSearch/WorldCat Amazon Scirus (Elsevier)
Effective resources for finding sci-tech ETDs from other institutions
12%
62%
0%
19%
4%0%
33%
22%
6%
0%
6% 6%
0%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Other
inst
OPAC
Other
inst
IR
ProQue
st
NDLTD u
nion
cata
log
First S
earc
h/W
orldC
at
Googl
e
Googl
e Sch
olar
US
UK
Comparison of frequency of searching for sci-tech ETDs between own and other institutions
Weekly Weekly Weekly Weekly
Monthly
MonthlyMonthly
Monthly
Less than Monthly
Less than Monthly
Less than Monthly
Less than Monthly
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
US UK US UK
Own Institiution Other Institutions
Satisfaction with current resources for finding ETDs
12%
15%
39%
31%
4%
20% 20%
55%
5%
0%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Not satisfied Neutral Very satisfied
US
UK
Observations
Observations (1)
ETDs are still in the development stage in both countries
US - theses and dissertations available electronically commercial database not necessarily available in IRs or available via open access room for IR growth in US
UK - universities have plans for developing ETDs They will be available via open access
Retrospective digitisation in both US and UK - will expand the amount of material available
Observations (2)
Access to ETDs End-users seem to be finding ETDs by themselves –
but are they searching for them efficiently? Electronic access raises the visibility of theses
resulting in improved collaboration Front line librarians (subject specialists) are not
serving as intermediaries in the search for ETDs; according to our survey public services librarians are seldom asked to search for ETDs
Observations (3)
IRs vs OPACs for ETD access?
Science & Technology Librarians not satisfied with current tools due to:
Lack of appropriate bibliographic control (esp. in consistency, accuracy, granularity)
Not enough ETDs available in one central location so have to search too many different databases
High expectation for precision and recall -- Subject Specialists are more demanding of search results than end-users – They desire more flexibility in searching than do end-users
Search differently from end-users; use more traditional methods?
Observations (4)
Education and Training of Front-Line Librarians
How informed are sci-tech librarians about their insitution's ETD program?
Are front line librarians being kept in the loop as IRs are being developed and ETDs are being included?
What is the role of public services librarians in the new world of ETDs? Is it searching? Is it training end-users to search effectively?
Is searching for ETDs being included as searching for primary source material in information literacy tutorials?
Future Developments and Research
Future Developments of ETDs In the survey, one US librarian expressed
frustration at not being able to do a topical search for ETDs across institutions and also about not being able to search the IR and OPAC together.
Federated searching for ETDs?
Will centralized locations for ETDs, such as consortiums, help end-users and front line librarians search for ETDs efficiently and effectively?
Future Developments and Research
Role for Sci-tech Librarians in ETD world
Help IR Managers develop ETD collection IR managers need to communicate with librarians –
sharing wisdom Sci-tech librarians will then recruit for content Train authors to deposit content Train end-users to be effective searchers Help to create better designed systems for end users so
no intervention needed.Future work ETD development is moving fast – repeat survey to
compare progress in other disciplines and different countries
Further investigation of sci-tech librarians involvement in ETD programmes
Many Thanks For Helping To:
Beth Blanton Kent (University of Virginia)Susan Braxton (Illinois Natural History Survey)Judith Emde (University of Kansas) Jin Ma (Baruch College, CUNY) Richard Sarcia (Yale University)Katherine Szigeti (Temple University)Kathy Wheeler (University of South Alabama)Linda Yamamoto (Stanford University)John Harrington (Cranfield University)
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