Bibliographic coupling

Devi Ahilya Vishva VidhyalyaDevi Ahilya Vishva VidhyalyaTaksha Shila Campus, Khandwa Road, IndoreTaksha Shila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore

Bibliographic Coupling Bibliographic Coupling & &

ObsolescenceObsolescenceA presentation submitted against the unit test-3 (707) for the completion of M. A presentation submitted against the unit test-3 (707) for the completion of M. Phil. In Library & Information Science, Second Semester (Session 2010-11)Phil. In Library & Information Science, Second Semester (Session 2010-11)

Submitted by:Submitted by: Guided By:Guided By:Ritesh Tiwari Ms. Aarti SharmaRitesh Tiwari Ms. Aarti SharmaRoll No. 16 Lecturer (SLIS, UTD, DAVV)Roll No. 16 Lecturer (SLIS, UTD, DAVV)

ContentsContentsWhat is Bibliographic CouplingWhat is Bibliographic CouplingProgress of Bibliographic CouplingProgress of Bibliographic CouplingCrit icism of Bibliographic CouplingCrit icism of Bibliographic CouplingSimilar term: Co-Citation Coupling Similar term: Co-Citation Coupling Bibliographic Coupling V/s Co-citationBibliographic Coupling V/s Co-citationUse of Bibliographic CouplingUse of Bibliographic CouplingWhat is ObsolescenceWhat is ObsolescenceReasons for Declination in usageReasons for Declination in usageCriteria used for measuring the Criteria used for measuring the

DeclinationDeclinationConclusionConclusionReferencesReferences

What is Bibliographic Coupling ?What is Bibliographic Coupling ? When two works refer the common When two works refer the common

work(s) then the relation between two work(s) then the relation between two referring documents is called referring documents is called Bibliographic coupling. Bibliographic coupling. We can say We can say The coupling strength is higher when The coupling strength is higher when more citations, the two referring works more citations, the two referring works have in common. This coupling shows have in common. This coupling shows the similarity of subject matter of the two the similarity of subject matter of the two works. Bibliographic coupling is works. Bibliographic coupling is respectively valuable in al l f ields of respectively valuable in al l f ields of research since it helps the researcher to research since it helps the researcher to f ind related research done in the past.f ind related research done in the past. The term "bibliographic coupling" was The term "bibliographic coupling" was first introduced by MM Kessler in a paper f irst introduced by MM Kessler in a paper published in 1963, and has been published in 1963, and has been embraced in the work of the information embraced in the work of the information scientist Eugene Garfield.scientist Eugene Garfield.

Progress of Bibliographic Coupling:Progress of Bibliographic Coupling:

There was a progression of citation study There was a progression of citation study methods from “bibliographic coupling” to methods from “bibliographic coupling” to “co-citation analysis” (1973) to “author co- “co-citation analysis” (1973) to “author co- citation analysis”(1981).citation analysis”(1981).

In 1973, Henry Small introduced what he In 1973, Henry Small introduced what he concluded was a better indicator of subject concluded was a better indicator of subject similarity, document co-citation analysis.similarity, document co-citation analysis.

In 1981 Howard White and Belver Griffith In 1981 Howard White and Belver Griffith moved to author cocitation analysis (ACA).moved to author cocitation analysis (ACA).

Criticism faced by Bibliographic Coupling:Criticism faced by Bibliographic Coupling: By Martyn (1964, p. 236)-By Martyn (1964, p. 236)- he analyzed that, a he analyzed that, a

bibliographic coupling is merely an indication of bibliographic coupling is merely an indication of the existence of relat ionship between two the existence of relat ionship between two documents rather than a constant unit of documents rather than a constant unit of similarity. similarity.

Virgo (1971, p. 289)- He concluded that crit ical Virgo (1971, p. 289)- He concluded that crit ical threshold value for the coupling strengths threshold value for the coupling strengths possibly varies from f ield to f ield and even possibly varies from f ield to f ield and even within f ields.within f ields.

Weinberg (1974) predicts that bibliographic Weinberg (1974) predicts that bibliographic coupling should work best for repetit ive coupling should work best for repetit ive l i terature (e.g., review articles) because such l iterature (e.g., review articles) because such l iterature often cite a lot of older works.l i terature often cite a lot of older works.

Vladutz & Cook’s (1984) results- In their Vladutz & Cook’s (1984) results- In their validation study, taking a random selection of validation study, taking a random selection of 10.000 art icles from the SCI. They concluded 10.000 art icles from the SCI. They concluded that other parameters may give better results that other parameters may give better results than bibliographic coupling.than bibliographic coupling.

Similar term- Co-citation coupling:Similar term- Co-citation coupling:

““Co-citation Coupling” Co-citation Coupling” Is the mirror image of Is the mirror image of ““Bibliographic coupling”Bibliographic coupling”

Co-citation coupling is a method used to Co-citation coupling is a method used to establish a subject similarity between establish a subject similarity between two documents. If papers A and B are two documents. If papers A and B are both cited by paper C, they may be said both cited by paper C, they may be said to be related to one another, even to be related to one another, even though they don't directly cite each though they don't directly cite each other. If papers A and B are both cited other. If papers A and B are both cited by many other papers, they have a by many other papers, they have a stronger relationship. The more papers stronger relationship. The more papers they are cited by, the stronger their they are cited by, the stronger their relationship is.relationship is.

Bibliographic Coupling V/s Co-Citation CouplingBibliographic Coupling V/s Co-Citation Coupling

Use of Bibliographic Coupling:Use of Bibliographic Coupling:In finding relationship between two subjects.In finding relationship between two subjects.In finding relationship between two different In finding relationship between two different

articles.articles.To get help in finding topics for research by To get help in finding topics for research by

researchers.researchers.To evolve new merged subjects.To evolve new merged subjects.To understand the development of new subject.To understand the development of new subject.To understand the pattern of research in any To understand the pattern of research in any

field.field.To understand the future demand by publisher.To understand the future demand by publisher.To map the utility of the document.To map the utility of the document.To get help in collection development of To get help in collection development of

libraries.libraries.

What is Obsolescence?What is Obsolescence? Obsolescence is the phenomenon of “ the Obsolescence is the phenomenon of “ the

reduced use or decline in the use of information reduced use or decline in the use of information (on a certain topic) by the time”. (on a certain topic) by the time”.

Obsolescence study might be useful for solving Obsolescence study might be useful for solving following questions:following questions:

when to discard older Volumes, when to discard older Volumes, how long to keep new ones, how long to keep new ones, what sort of retrospective storage and access what sort of retrospective storage and access

in information retrieval system should providein information retrieval system should provide

Reasons for Declination in usageReasons for Declination in usageIf the concern is with knowledge, If the concern is with knowledge, obsolescence may be defined as a decline obsolescence may be defined as a decline over time in the validity or utility of Information. over time in the validity or utility of Information. Such decline may be occurred by following Such decline may be occurred by following reasons:reasons:

The information is valid, but incorporated in The information is valid, but incorporated in later work. later work.

The information is valid, but superseded by The information is valid, but superseded by later work.later work.

The information is valid, but is in a field of The information is valid, but is in a field of declining interest; declining interest;

The information is no longer valid.The information is no longer valid.

Criteria used for measuring the Declination:Criteria used for measuring the Declination:

Age of the document.Age of the document. Citat ion to the document in the subsequent Citat ion to the document in the subsequent

l i terature.l i terature. Util ization of document.Uti l izat ion of document.

Following termsFollowing terms are also important if, we discuss about are also important if, we discuss about the obsolescence and required to be put here:the obsolescence and required to be put here:

Age:Age: Period From origin to the actual use of the Period From origin to the actual use of the document is called age of that document is called age of that

particular particular document.document.

Useful Age:Useful Age: Period of t ime during which the citation Period of t ime during which the citation getting getting by a particular l i terature or periodical.by a particular l i terature or periodical.

Half Life:Half Life: Time from the origin of the document to its Time from the origin of the document to its useful l ife on its maximum use up to that t ime useful l ife on its maximum use up to that t ime

is is called Half l i fe of that document.called Half l i fe of that document.

Conclusion:Conclusion: Bibliographic coupling, Co-citation Coupling and Bibliographic coupling, Co-citation Coupling and

obsolescence all are the important part of obsolescence all are the important part of Bibliographic study as well as Research. These Bibliographic study as well as Research. These tools are helpful, to Researchers, Libraries, tools are helpful, to Researchers, Libraries, Publishers, and Authors up to great extant. Publishers, and Authors up to great extant. Bibliographic Coupling and Co-citation coupling Bibliographic Coupling and Co-citation coupling help to understand the pattern of new subjects help to understand the pattern of new subjects and development of new subjects as well and and development of new subjects as well and Obsolescence provide help to analyze the utility Obsolescence provide help to analyze the utility and useful life of the document or Information. and useful life of the document or Information. Obsolescence is also very useful for the libraries Obsolescence is also very useful for the libraries and publisher as well as it could help in and publisher as well as it could help in understanding the demand and utility of the understanding the demand and utility of the particular document.particular document.

Reference:Reference:Class notes of Ms. Aarti SharmaClass notes of Ms. Aarti Sharmahttp://http://en.wikipedi.orgen.wikipedi.org// http://www.iva.dk/http://www.iva.dk/http://http://www.ischool.utexas.eduwww.ischool.utexas.edu//

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