Lean -ISD - EPPIC - Pursuing Performance | To Protect … -ISD Concept of “lean” from the book: The Machine That Changed the World by: James P. Womack Daniel T. Jones Daniel Roos
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TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Lean -ISD
Concept of “lean” from the book:
The Machine That Changed the Worldby:
James P. WomackDaniel T. Jones
Daniel Roos
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean
Best of both mass and craft productionPrinciples and attributes of lean• Teamwork• Communication• Efficient use of resources and elimination of
waste• Continuous improvement
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean
Attributes of a lean process/methodology• Defined process/steps• Defined roles/responsibilities• Standard tools/templates• Flexible
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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ISD
The bottom line—it is difficult to get consistent, reliable results implementing ISD in a corporate
training organization
Common Benefits Common Complaints• More interactivity and/or
testing• More effective
instructional process• Focus on job performance
and learning versus content
• Better use of instructional media
• Takes too long• Impossible to forecast and
manage• Variable results—
depends on the designer• Each designer uses
his/her own process, formats, defaults, etc.
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean-ISD
lean applied to ISD would have beneficial impacts on• Quality• Cycle time• Cost
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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IAD
CAD
PACT Analysis MCD
Project Planning & Management
Curriculum Architecture Design
Modular Curriculum Development
Instructional Activity Development
lean-ISDvia the PACTSM Processes for T&D
CADDI’s PACT Processes for T&D
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean-ISDvia the PACTSM Processes for T&D
IAD
CAD
PACT Analysis MCD
Project Planning & Management
Curriculum Architecture Design
Modular Curriculum Development
Instructional Activity Development
Three levels of ISD
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Let’s look at some examples
lean-ISDvia the PACTSM Processes for T&D
Akin to systems engineering of products
• Car development
• Telecommunications product development
• Software development
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean-Car Development
Component Design &
Development
Auto Integrated Systems Design
Customer Requirements
& Supplier Capabilities
System Design &
Development
Project Planning & Management
e.g., Four-door pickup truck
e.g., H/V/AC system design
e.g., Backseat fan control mechanism
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean-Telecommunications Product Development
Component Design &
Development
Network Integrated Systems Design
Customer Requirements
& Supplier Capabilities
System Design &
Development
Project Planning & Management
e.g., Networked phone system
e.g., Phone handset
e.g., “Redial” button
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean-Software Development
Component Design &
Development
Application Suite
Systems Design
Customer Requirements
& Supplier Capabilities
System Design &
Development
Project Planning & Management
e.g., Integrated corporate financial system
e.g., Spreadsheet application
e.g., “Cut & paste” function
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Product X Product Y
CAD assists in a reuse strategy for modules/chunks of T&D content
PACT Processes for T&D
CAD - Curriculum Architecture Design
Macrolevel ISD analysis and designSystems analysis and systems engineering design of the T&D product line• Modular design product line
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
MCD - Modular Curriculum Development
Midlevel analysis and design
Akin to the ADDIEModel, also known as the “big block diagram,” fromthe work of Robert Gagne, Leslie Briggs, Robert Moran, and Robert Branson
AnalysisA
DesignD
DevelopmentD
ImplementationI
EvaluationE
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
IAD - Instructional Activity Development
Microlevel analysis and designDevelopment of typical instructional elements or activities, such as• Simulation exercises• Performance tests• Structured, on-the-job training• Demonstrations• Case studies• Etc.
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
AnalysisSimilar front-end analysis for each PACT Process for T&D
IAD
CAD
PACT Analysis MCD
Project Planning & Management
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Analysis
Target Audience Data
Performance Modeling
Knowledge/Skill Analysis
Existing T&D Assessment
PACT Processes for T&D
AnalysisFour types of ISD Analysis
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
Project Planning & ManagementPACT embraces• Structured processes• Predefined roles and responsibilities• Detailed planning• Continuous communications• Customer control of content/
supplier control of process
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
Project Planning & ManagementPlanning and communications tools and templates• Systematic engagement of customers and
stakeholders- The right people doing the right things at the right time
• Interview guides• Project Plan templates
- CAD- MCD- IAD
• PST gate review meeting presentations
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process has a gated process model• Gates are key customer/stakeholder
review/approval/decision points
CAD Phase 4
Implementation Planning
CAD Phase 1Project
Planning & Kick-off
CAD Phase 2
Analysis
CAD Phase 3
Design
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process has a gated process model• Gates are key customer/stakeholder
review/approval/decision points
MCD Phase 4
Development/ Acquisition
MCD Phase 1Project
Planning & Kick-off
MCD Phase 2
Analysis
MCD Phase 3
Design
MCD Phase 5
Pilot Test
MCD Phase 6
Revision & Release
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process has a gated process model• Gates are key customer/stakeholder
review/approval/decision points
IAD Phase 4
Development
IAD Phase 1Project
Planning & Kick-off
IAD Phase 2
Analysis
IAD Phase 3
Design
IAD Phase 5
Pilot Test
IAD Phase 6
Revision & Release
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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CAD Phase 4
Implementation Planning
CAD Phase 1Project
Planning & Kick-off
CAD Phases 2/3
Analysis/Design
PACT Processes for T&D
Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation• Phase combinations are possible
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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MCD Phase 4
Development/ Acquisition
MCD Phase 1Project
Planning & Kick-off
MCD Phases 2/3
Analysis/Design
MCD Phase 5
Pilot Test
MCD Phase 6
Revision & Release
PACT Processes for T&D
Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation• Phase combinations are possible
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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IAD Phases 4/5/6
Development, Pilot Test, and Revision & Release
IAD Phases 2/3
Analysis/Design
PACT Processes for T&D
Gated Project PhasesEach PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation• Phase combinations are possible
IAD Phase 1Project
Planning & Kick-off
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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PACT Processes for T&D
Teams & Roles/Responsibilities
Project Steering Team
Analysis Team
Design Team
Implementation Planning Team
Typical Teams — CAD
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Project Steering Team
Analysis Team
Design Team
Development Team
Pilot Test Team
PACT Processes for T&D
Teams & Roles/ResponsibilitiesTypical Teams — MCD
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Project Steering Team
Analysis Team
Design Team
Development Team
Pilot Test Team
PACT Processes for T&D
Teams & Roles/ResponsibilitiesTypical Teams — IAD
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Word Processing Templates
• Project Plan
• Proposal
• Project Steering Team Review Presentations
• Invitation and Confirmation Letters
Project Planning & Management
Tools and Go-by’s
• Stakeholder/Customer Interview Guide
• Project Plan
• Proposal
PACT Processes for T&D
Tools and Templates
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Analysis
PACT Processes for T&D
Tools and Templates
Word Processing Templates
• Target Audience Data
• Performance Model
• Knowledge/Skill Matrix
• Existing T&D Assessment
• Analysis Team Kick-off Presentation
• Project Steering Team Review Presentation
Tools and Go-by’s
• Analysis Report
• Analysis Database
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Design
PACT Processes for T&D
Tools and Templates
Word Processing Templates
• Event Specs and Maps
• Module Specs and Maps
• Lesson Specs and Maps
• Activity Specs
• Project Steering Team Review Presentation
• Design Team Kick-off Presentation
Tools and Go-by’s
• Design Document
• Design Database
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Development
PACT Processes for T&D
Tools and Templates
Word Processing Templates Tools and Go-by’s
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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lean-ISD via the PACT Processes for T&D
Business Benefits
Ensures voice of the customer and voice of the supplier in ISD projects
Customer/Stakeholder
• Project is visible and predictable in terms of
- T&D quality- Investment and returns
- Project tasks and schedule
• Provides managerial review and control points
Supplier
• Puts ISD suppliers in control of instructional integrity within the parameters set by the customer
• Templates and tools enable detailed project planning and communications with the customer
Learner
• T&D is performance oriented and will have a positive impact on learner’s ability to perform
• Modular structure provides flexibility for learner participation
TRAINING ’98—Session #415 © 1998 CADDI, Inc. 2/18/98REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED P-1000
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Standard, but flexible processes and methodologies for ISD
lean-ISD Summary
• A blend of the best of both craft and massproduction approaches, applied to ISD- Common process- Gated process models- Use of teams- Use of tools and templates
• Multilevel design hierarchy used to ensure platform, modular, integrated ISD
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