ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC Calculators---1600s Punched Card Devices---1800s.
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ETT 429ETT 429Spring 2007Spring 2007
History of Computers
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
History of History of Computers TimelineComputers Timeline
Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC Calculators---1600s Punched Card Devices---1800s First Electronic Computers---1940s Mainframes---1950s Minicomputers---1960s Microcomputers---1970s Microcomputer Systems---1980s Internet---1990s
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Ancient ComputingAncient ComputingHistoryHistory
The AbacusThe AbacusMechanical aid used for counting and making quick calculations.
Still in use
aroundthe
world.
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Early Computing Early Computing HistoryHistory
Invented the first mechanical calculator.
The Pascaline used cogs and gears to solve math equations.
Blaise Pascal
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Mechanical Mechanical CalculatorsCalculators
Joseph Jacquard First “programmable”
machine. Used punched cards
(binary instructions) to automate weaving loom.
Punched cards were a staple of early and modern computer programming.
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Electronic Computer Electronic Computer SystemsSystems
Used vacuum tubes in electronic circuits.
Used punch cards to input and externally store data.
Up to 4K of memory.
Programming in machine language and assembly language.
Required a compiler.
First Generation:1943-1956
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
First Generation: First Generation: 1943-19561943-1956
World’s first electronic digital computer.
Used to produce WWII ballistic firing tables for the U.S. Defense Department.
Electronic Numerical Integratorand Calculator (ENIAC)
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
1956 IBM 350 RAMAC
Second Generation: Second Generation: 1957-19641957-1964
Used transistors, developed by Bell Labs.
Up to 32K of memory. Programming in
computer languages, such as FORTRAN and COBOL.
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Third Generation: Third Generation: 1965-19711965-1971
Used integrated circuits.
Up to 3 million bytes of memory.
Lower cost, smaller size, and increasing processor speed.
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
1971, Intel develops 4004, the first
microprocessor chip.
Altair sold in 1975, the first personal computer. It is a kit that must be assembled.
Apple Computer is formed in 1976 and sells 50 Apple I.
Advances increase memory size, storage space, and processing speeds.
Fourth Generation: Fourth Generation: 1972-Now (1)1972-Now (1)
Microcomputer Revolution Begins.
History of History of
ComputerComputerss Personal computers or PCs.
Usually cost about $2,000 or less. Process over 1 billion operations per
second. “Stand-alone” or connected
to other computers as a network system.
Fourth Generation: Fourth Generation: 1972-Now (2)1972-Now (2)
Microcomputers
TEA
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Tim Berners-Lee Developed HTML and the World Wide Web
(WWW) was born.
1990’s 1990’s Connecting the World (1)Connecting the World (1)
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Marc Andreessen
An original developer of Mosaic, the first browser software able to read HTML.
Co-founder of Netscape Communications.
1990’s 1990’s Connecting the World (2)Connecting the World (2)
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
The 21st CenturyThe 21st Century
Wireless Technology. Truly individualized education. Internet current primary trend.
Distance Education Communication with colleagues. Lesson plan preparation. Student resources. Access research and best practices
for teaching.
05:34.0TEA
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
QuestionQuestion
Has technology changed how and what we teach?
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Educational Modern Educational Technology History Technology History
(1)(1)
First instructional use of computers was as a flight simulator used to train pilots at MIT in 1950.
Mainframe Computer Systems
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (2)History (2)
First use in public schools taught New York elementary students binary arithmetic in 1959.
Mainframe Computer Systems
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (3)History (3)
Federal funds supported many large-scale projects in mainframe computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in schools, colleges, and universities through the middle of 1970’s.
Mainframe Computer Systems
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (4)History (4)
Stanford University – first multimedia learning station, Course writer
Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations (PLATO)
BYU – Time-shared Interactive Computer-Controlled Information Television (TICCIT)
Mainframe Computer Systems
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (5)History (5)
Designed to support personalizedmastery learning Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI)
- University of Pittsburgh Program for Learning in Accordance
with Needs (PLAN) - American Institutes of Research
Mainframe Computer Systems
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (6)History (6)
National Education Computing Conference (NECC)
Created by mainframe programming enthusiasts from universities nationwide.
First conference held in1979. Today is the largest educational
technology conference in U.S. with attendance of 10,000+ people.
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (7)History (7)
Introduced in late 1970’s. Adopted by public school systems
during 1980’s. Apple II Commodore PET Radio Shack TRS - 80
Microcomputers in Education
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (8)History (8)
Early courseware developed for mainframes were provided by: Large hardware manufacturers Software systems companies University development projects
New microcomputer software market driven primarily by educators.
Software
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (9)History (9)
Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC) Initially largest provider of educational
software. Funded by National Science Foundation.
MicroSift, EPIE Provided courseware evaluations.
Software
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (10)History (10)
15:05.0
Authoring systems Response to educators quest for input into
design of educational software. Allowed educators to develop their own
courseware.
Software
TEA
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (11)History (11)
Authoring systems Required extensive expertise. Extended time commitment. Expanded work investment.
Software
TEA
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (12)History (12)
Computer Literacy Originally defined as programming
skills and tools such as word processing.
Today’s world can only agree that the term refers to skills that are constantly changing.
15:45.0
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (13)History (13)
The Internet and the WWW
Biggest challenge for the public educational system has been how to prepare schools physically and train teachers effectively for its use in the classroom.
16:50.0TEA
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Conclusions (1)Conclusions (1)
Computer literacy or knowledge of computer applications is a moving target.
Teaching students technical skills for today is valuable.
More important are “learning to learn” tools for tomorrow and years to come.
17:20.0
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Conclusions (2)Conclusions (2)
Computer-based materials are just one component of resources available to educational system.
Integration of technology as a tool to advance learning in the content areas adds to the effectiveness of other resources and teacher created activities.
18:00.0
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Conclusions (3)Conclusions (3)
Educators must keep pace with technological advances.
But often times technology changes faster than the educational environment.
Business and Industry must do it’s part in providing economical technology solutions.
18:40.0
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
Reference/BibliographyReference/Bibliography
Lecture adopted from Texas Center for Educational Technology:
http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:xjL2tYA6sI0J:www.tcet.unt.edu/weblibrary/ppt/techist.ppt+PowerPoint+Presentation+for+History+of+Computers&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=2
History of History of
ComputerComputerss
For Next ClassFor Next Class
Read Office pages 2-15 & 18-111
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