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ETT 429 ETT 429 Spring 2007 Spring 2007 History of Computers
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ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC Calculators---1600s Punched Card Devices---1800s.

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Page 1: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

ETT 429ETT 429Spring 2007Spring 2007

History of Computers

Page 2: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

History of History of Computers TimelineComputers Timeline

Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC Calculators---1600s Punched Card Devices---1800s First Electronic Computers---1940s Mainframes---1950s Minicomputers---1960s Microcomputers---1970s Microcomputer Systems---1980s Internet---1990s

Page 3: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Ancient ComputingAncient ComputingHistoryHistory

The AbacusThe AbacusMechanical aid used for counting and making quick calculations.

Still in use

aroundthe

world.

Page 4: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Early Computing Early Computing HistoryHistory

Invented the first mechanical calculator.

The Pascaline used cogs and gears to solve math equations.

Blaise Pascal

Page 5: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Mechanical Mechanical CalculatorsCalculators

Joseph Jacquard First “programmable”

machine. Used punched cards

(binary instructions) to automate weaving loom.

Punched cards were a staple of early and modern computer programming.

Page 6: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Electronic Computer Electronic Computer SystemsSystems

Used vacuum tubes in electronic circuits.

Used punch cards to input and externally store data.

Up to 4K of memory.

Programming in machine language and assembly language.

Required a compiler.

First Generation:1943-1956

Page 7: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

First Generation: First Generation: 1943-19561943-1956

World’s first electronic digital computer.

Used to produce WWII ballistic firing tables for the U.S. Defense Department.

Electronic Numerical Integratorand Calculator (ENIAC)

Page 8: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

1956 IBM 350 RAMAC

Second Generation: Second Generation: 1957-19641957-1964

Used transistors, developed by Bell Labs.

Up to 32K of memory. Programming in

computer languages, such as FORTRAN and COBOL.

Page 9: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Third Generation: Third Generation: 1965-19711965-1971

Used integrated circuits.

Up to 3 million bytes of memory.

Lower cost, smaller size, and increasing processor speed.

Page 10: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

1971, Intel develops 4004, the first

microprocessor chip.

Altair sold in 1975, the first personal computer. It is a kit that must be assembled.

Apple Computer is formed in 1976 and sells 50 Apple I.

Advances increase memory size, storage space, and processing speeds.

Fourth Generation: Fourth Generation: 1972-Now (1)1972-Now (1)

Microcomputer Revolution Begins.

Page 11: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss Personal computers or PCs.

Usually cost about $2,000 or less. Process over 1 billion operations per

second. “Stand-alone” or connected

to other computers as a network system.

Fourth Generation: Fourth Generation: 1972-Now (2)1972-Now (2)

Microcomputers

TEA

Page 12: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Tim Berners-Lee Developed HTML and the World Wide Web

(WWW) was born.

1990’s 1990’s Connecting the World (1)Connecting the World (1)

Page 13: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Marc Andreessen

An original developer of Mosaic, the first browser software able to read HTML.

Co-founder of Netscape Communications.

1990’s 1990’s Connecting the World (2)Connecting the World (2)

Page 14: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

The 21st CenturyThe 21st Century

Wireless Technology. Truly individualized education. Internet current primary trend.

Distance Education Communication with colleagues. Lesson plan preparation. Student resources. Access research and best practices

for teaching.

05:34.0TEA

Page 15: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

QuestionQuestion

Has technology changed how and what we teach?

Page 16: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Educational Modern Educational Technology History Technology History

(1)(1)

First instructional use of computers was as a flight simulator used to train pilots at MIT in 1950.

Mainframe Computer Systems

Page 17: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (2)History (2)

First use in public schools taught New York elementary students binary arithmetic in 1959.

Mainframe Computer Systems

Page 18: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (3)History (3)

Federal funds supported many large-scale projects in mainframe computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in schools, colleges, and universities through the middle of 1970’s.

Mainframe Computer Systems

Page 19: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (4)History (4)

Stanford University – first multimedia learning station, Course writer

Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations (PLATO)

BYU – Time-shared Interactive Computer-Controlled Information Television (TICCIT)

Mainframe Computer Systems

Page 20: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (5)History (5)

Designed to support personalizedmastery learning Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI)

- University of Pittsburgh Program for Learning in Accordance

with Needs (PLAN) - American Institutes of Research

Mainframe Computer Systems

Page 21: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (6)History (6)

National Education Computing Conference (NECC)

Created by mainframe programming enthusiasts from universities nationwide.

First conference held in1979. Today is the largest educational

technology conference in U.S. with attendance of 10,000+ people.

Page 22: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (7)History (7)

Introduced in late 1970’s. Adopted by public school systems

during 1980’s. Apple II Commodore PET Radio Shack TRS - 80

Microcomputers in Education

Page 23: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (8)History (8)

Early courseware developed for mainframes were provided by: Large hardware manufacturers Software systems companies University development projects

New microcomputer software market driven primarily by educators.

Software

Page 24: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (9)History (9)

Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC) Initially largest provider of educational

software. Funded by National Science Foundation.

MicroSift, EPIE Provided courseware evaluations.

Software

Page 25: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (10)History (10)

15:05.0

Authoring systems Response to educators quest for input into

design of educational software. Allowed educators to develop their own

courseware.

Software

TEA

Page 26: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (11)History (11)

Authoring systems Required extensive expertise. Extended time commitment. Expanded work investment.

Software

TEA

Page 27: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (12)History (12)

Computer Literacy Originally defined as programming

skills and tools such as word processing.

Today’s world can only agree that the term refers to skills that are constantly changing.

15:45.0

Page 28: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Modern Ed Tech Modern Ed Tech History (13)History (13)

The Internet and the WWW

Biggest challenge for the public educational system has been how to prepare schools physically and train teachers effectively for its use in the classroom.

16:50.0TEA

Page 29: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Conclusions (1)Conclusions (1)

Computer literacy or knowledge of computer applications is a moving target.

Teaching students technical skills for today is valuable.

More important are “learning to learn” tools for tomorrow and years to come.

17:20.0

Page 30: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Conclusions (2)Conclusions (2)

Computer-based materials are just one component of resources available to educational system.

Integration of technology as a tool to advance learning in the content areas adds to the effectiveness of other resources and teacher created activities.

18:00.0

Page 31: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Conclusions (3)Conclusions (3)

Educators must keep pace with technological advances.

But often times technology changes faster than the educational environment.

Business and Industry must do it’s part in providing economical technology solutions.

18:40.0

Page 32: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

Reference/BibliographyReference/Bibliography

Lecture adopted from Texas Center for Educational Technology:

http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:xjL2tYA6sI0J:www.tcet.unt.edu/weblibrary/ppt/techist.ppt+PowerPoint+Presentation+for+History+of+Computers&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=2

Page 33: ETT 429 Spring 2007 History of Computers. History of Computers Timeline  Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC  Calculators---1600s  Punched Card Devices---1800s.

History of History of

ComputerComputerss

For Next ClassFor Next Class

Read Office pages 2-15 & 18-111