CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION HEALTH EFFECTS RSICORP.COM.

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HEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH EFFECTS

RSICORP.COM

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Because RF (Radio Frequency) energy is now

recognized as a physical hazard, you must con-

sider worker’s and the public’s exposure when

planning operations at communications sites,or

for that manner, any location where RF energy

may be present.

“It’s the Law”

CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION

“To meet its responsibilities under NEPA, the Commission has adopted requirements for evaluating the environmental impact of its actions. One of several environmental factors addressed by these requirements is human exposure to RF energy emitted by FCC regulated transmitters and facilities.”

OET Bulletin 65 97-01OET Bulletin 65 97-01

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On Aug. 25, 1997 97-303 was

adopted with a DATE CERTAIN of Sept. 1, 2000.

(January 1, 1998 for Amateur Radio

Service)

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 does not allow "grand fathering.““The FCC/NTIA or OSHA can not Grand Father”

CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION

Non-Ionizing BasicsNon-Ionizing Basics

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Electro-Magnetic Energy Electro-Magnetic Energy (EME)(EME)

• RF is a form of electromagnetic energy (EME) used for transmitting radio signals.

• The main effect of EME exposure is heating. (on-going studies).

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Electro-Magnetic Energy Electro-Magnetic Energy (EME)(EME)

• EME exposure is non-accumulative.

Atom

electron

nucleus

electron-

+

-

Non-Ionizing Radiation - RF energy that only cause vibrations or oscillations of the atoms which results in heat but does not strip electrons from atoms.

Ionizing Radiation - Energy that causes electrons to be stripped from atoms “ionizing” the atom and changing its characteristics. The tissue is no longer as it was.

Ionizing vs. Non-IonizingIonizing vs. Non-Ionizing

Water Molecule H2O

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Human RF Absorption Human RF Absorption CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Frequencies under 30 MHz are characterized as Sub-resonant, where:

• The body and its parts are not conducive to acting as an antenna. (The wavelength is too long.)

• RF Absorption is not relevant at these frequencies. The energy simply passes through the body. Induced current effects are a possibility. (OSHA enforces induced current limits).

• Low frequency applications include AM broadcasting, induction and RF heat sealers, as well as diathermy (<30 MHz).

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Contact/Induced CurrentContact/Induced Current

• RF contact current is the current induced onto the body when contact is made with a hot metallic object that is in the vicinity of a high-level, low frequency emitters.

• Induced current is the current that is induced into the entire body when an individual is standing in a field created by high power, low frequency operations.

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AND OVER 100% MPE

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Resonance:

1/2 λ 75 MHz Isolated

1/4 λ 38 MHz Grounded

At frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz, the human body’s characteristics lend themselves to being a good antenna, where:•The body and its parts experience maximum absorption and therefore acts like an antenna, resonating with the frequency.The Specific Absorption Rate influences the body’s ability to cool after exposure.

Medium FrequencyMedium Frequency(30-300 MHz)(30-300 MHz)

Medium WavelengthMedium Wavelength

CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION

Human RF Absorption Human RF Absorption CharacteristicsCharacteristics

At frequencies from 300 MHz to 300 GHz:

• The body’s ability to act as an antenna is greatly reduced. The absorption rate decreases rapidly at frequencies

above 300 MHz. (The wavelength is too short.)

• The absorption of RF energy in the skin is an important factor.

• Body parts tend to resonate at these frequencies, especially the eyes and male reproductive organs.

• Higher frequencies include Paging, Sat. radio, Cell/PCS and Microwave & Radar.

TTISSUESISSUES ANDAND R FR F WWAVESAVES TTISSUESISSUES ANDAND R FR F WWAVESAVES

TissueTissueTissueTissue

RF WAVESRF WAVESRF WAVESRF WAVES

Reflection/Reflection/ScatteringScatteringReflection/Reflection/ScatteringScattering

RefractionRefractionRefractionRefraction

AbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorption

TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmission>300 M

Hz

>300 MHz

30 - 300 MHz

30 - 300 MHz < 30 MHz

< 30 MHz

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Similar To An Antenna?Similar To An Antenna?

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HEALTH EFFECTS HEALTH EFFECTS

• Eyes (Animal and Human)Keratitis (sandy, dry eyes), cataractogenesis)

• Microwave Hearing (clicking or buzzing)

• Immune System (Animals)

• Behavior, Neurological (Animals)

• RF Shocks (Induced currents)

•Implanted devices

•Cancer/Leukemia not by thermal (Ongoing studies)

•Reproduction (Animals)

•T-Cell Reduction (At 1.4W/Kg)

Page 8

Questions?Questions?