HEALTH EFFECTS HEALTH EFFECTS RSICORP.COM
Mar 26, 2015
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
HEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH EFFECTS
RSICORP.COM
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Because RF (Radio Frequency) energy is now
recognized as a physical hazard, you must con-
sider worker’s and the public’s exposure when
planning operations at communications sites,or
for that manner, any location where RF energy
may be present.
“It’s the Law”
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
“To meet its responsibilities under NEPA, the Commission has adopted requirements for evaluating the environmental impact of its actions. One of several environmental factors addressed by these requirements is human exposure to RF energy emitted by FCC regulated transmitters and facilities.”
OET Bulletin 65 97-01OET Bulletin 65 97-01
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
On Aug. 25, 1997 97-303 was
adopted with a DATE CERTAIN of Sept. 1, 2000.
(January 1, 1998 for Amateur Radio
Service)
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 does not allow "grand fathering.““The FCC/NTIA or OSHA can not Grand Father”
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Non-Ionizing BasicsNon-Ionizing Basics
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Electro-Magnetic Energy Electro-Magnetic Energy (EME)(EME)
• RF is a form of electromagnetic energy (EME) used for transmitting radio signals.
• The main effect of EME exposure is heating. (on-going studies).
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Electro-Magnetic Energy Electro-Magnetic Energy (EME)(EME)
• EME exposure is non-accumulative.
Atom
electron
nucleus
electron-
+
-
Non-Ionizing Radiation - RF energy that only cause vibrations or oscillations of the atoms which results in heat but does not strip electrons from atoms.
Ionizing Radiation - Energy that causes electrons to be stripped from atoms “ionizing” the atom and changing its characteristics. The tissue is no longer as it was.
Ionizing vs. Non-IonizingIonizing vs. Non-Ionizing
Water Molecule H2O
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Human RF Absorption Human RF Absorption CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Frequencies under 30 MHz are characterized as Sub-resonant, where:
• The body and its parts are not conducive to acting as an antenna. (The wavelength is too long.)
• RF Absorption is not relevant at these frequencies. The energy simply passes through the body. Induced current effects are a possibility. (OSHA enforces induced current limits).
• Low frequency applications include AM broadcasting, induction and RF heat sealers, as well as diathermy (<30 MHz).
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Contact/Induced CurrentContact/Induced Current
• RF contact current is the current induced onto the body when contact is made with a hot metallic object that is in the vicinity of a high-level, low frequency emitters.
• Induced current is the current that is induced into the entire body when an individual is standing in a field created by high power, low frequency operations.
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
AND OVER 100% MPE
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Resonance:
1/2 λ 75 MHz Isolated
1/4 λ 38 MHz Grounded
At frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz, the human body’s characteristics lend themselves to being a good antenna, where:•The body and its parts experience maximum absorption and therefore acts like an antenna, resonating with the frequency.The Specific Absorption Rate influences the body’s ability to cool after exposure.
Medium FrequencyMedium Frequency(30-300 MHz)(30-300 MHz)
Medium WavelengthMedium Wavelength
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Human RF Absorption Human RF Absorption CharacteristicsCharacteristics
At frequencies from 300 MHz to 300 GHz:
• The body’s ability to act as an antenna is greatly reduced. The absorption rate decreases rapidly at frequencies
above 300 MHz. (The wavelength is too short.)
• The absorption of RF energy in the skin is an important factor.
• Body parts tend to resonate at these frequencies, especially the eyes and male reproductive organs.
• Higher frequencies include Paging, Sat. radio, Cell/PCS and Microwave & Radar.
TTISSUESISSUES ANDAND R FR F WWAVESAVES TTISSUESISSUES ANDAND R FR F WWAVESAVES
TissueTissueTissueTissue
RF WAVESRF WAVESRF WAVESRF WAVES
Reflection/Reflection/ScatteringScatteringReflection/Reflection/ScatteringScattering
RefractionRefractionRefractionRefraction
AbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorption
TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmission>300 M
Hz
>300 MHz
30 - 300 MHz
30 - 300 MHz < 30 MHz
< 30 MHz
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
Similar To An Antenna?Similar To An Antenna?
CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATIONCONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION
HEALTH EFFECTS HEALTH EFFECTS
• Eyes (Animal and Human)Keratitis (sandy, dry eyes), cataractogenesis)
• Microwave Hearing (clicking or buzzing)
• Immune System (Animals)
• Behavior, Neurological (Animals)
• RF Shocks (Induced currents)
•Implanted devices
•Cancer/Leukemia not by thermal (Ongoing studies)
•Reproduction (Animals)
•T-Cell Reduction (At 1.4W/Kg)
Page 8
Questions?Questions?