03 Raspberries & Blackberries 11-11-19 · 2019-11-03 · 11/12/19 3 Fall-bearing Raspberries Site • Full sun (N –S rows good)-shade grown plants remain small & produce tart fruit
Post on 05-Aug-2020
1 Views
Preview:
Transcript
11/12/19
1
Raspberries & BlackberriesPresentation created by Krista Fay (1/30/19)
Revised & presented by Marty Anfang (11/20/19)
Raspberries & Blackberries
Similar growing habits
Raspberries
• Crown & roots perennial -productive 4 - 15 years
• Canes biennial-1st yr leaves (primocanes) -2nd yr berries (floricanes) -die after harvest
• New canes develop each year
Types• Summer-bearing & fall-bearing
• Cultivars differ-fruit quality & appearance-fruiting season-flavor -growing needs-pest & disease resistance
• Red, black, yellow, purple
11/12/19
2
Summer Bearing• Most common
• 6 -12’ by end of summer
• 1st year: leaves only (primocanes)
• 2nd growing season (floricanes)-set flower buds in fall-begin flowering early May-begin fruiting mid June
• 50 - 70 lbs fruit / 20’ row
Fall Bearing• 3 - 6’ by end of summer
• Single cane bears 2 crops each yr-tips of primocanes Aug – Oct-lower on floricanes next July
• For 1 crop prune to 2” off ground
• Total yield ~ same as summer bearing
Plant Selection
• Dormant without bud-bare root or container
• Certified, disease-free
• Suckers from old plantsmay be virus-infected
• All are self-fertile
Summer-bearing Raspberries
11/12/19
3
Fall-bearing Raspberries Site• Full sun (N – S rows good)
-shade grown plants remain small & produce tart fruit
• Well-drained, weed-free soil
-wet soil leads to root rot
• Avoid frost pocket, wind
• Crop rotation
Planting
• Early spring• Dig 3 – 4” hole, spread root mass• Cover with soil so root tops ½ - 1” below ground• Press firmly, water• Apply 3” mulch; avoid crowns
-weed barrier fabrics do not work well• Cut bare-root canes to 2 - 6” after planting
-DO NOT cut back container plants
Hedgerow System
• Space 3’ apart-overcrowding reduces
yields & increases disease-2’ apart for solid hedge
• Rows 8’ apart
• Allow new primocanes to spread along row
11/12/19
4
Hill System
• Space 2 ½ -3’ apart
• Diameter of hills 1-1 ½ ‘
• Cluster of canes develop around single plant
Staked Hill
• Single post ~ 4 ½ ‘ high
• Tie 5 or 6 of the sturdiest canes to post
• Cut smaller canes to ground level
• Top when canes reach above post
• Twine or wire to tie
Trellising
• Keeps canes & fruit off ground
• Reduces wind breakage & fruit loss
• Improves air circulation
• Makes weed control easier
Watering
• 1 – 1 ½ “ water / week-ensure top 12-18” soil is moist-avoid overwatering
• Early June - September- flower buds forming for next year’s crop-reduce water after 1st frost to encourage canes to
harden off• Drip irrigate within the row
11/12/19
5
Fertilizer• Base on plant’s growth rate
-8 - 9’ growth with green leaves-primocane growth 4 - 6’
• Soil test to guide amount needed
• Slow release fertilizer
• Avoid chlorides
PruningSummer bearing
• Remove old floricanes in Dec- Jan-allows sun to reach new canes
• Keep 10 - 12 green, healthy primocanes-4 - 6 / row
• Shorten canes to ~ 6’ & tie to trellis
Pruning (cont…)
Fall bearing• Remove top half of cane after harvest
• Will produce summer crop following June on lower half
• For fall crop only: remove canes entirely to ground
-total yield is ~ same as summer bearing single crop
Diseases
Botrytis Mold• Fungus attacks leaves, stems,
flower buds & fruit• Proper pruning & training • Avoid overhead irrigation• Sunny location • Registered fungicide
11/12/19
6
Diseases (cont…)
Root rot• Fungus spreads in wet soil
• Persists in soil for yrs
• Hilling, raised bed, drip irrigation
• Plant resistant varieties
Root Rot
Root Rot Verticillium Wilt
• Virus contracted from soil
• Spread by aphids, pruning tools, nematodes
• Crop rotation
• No treatment
11/12/19
7
Bushy Dwarf Virus
• Crumbling berries
• Symptoms similar to cultural problems
• No treatment
-remove infected plants
• Does not live in soil, so can plant
new plants in same area
Insects
Spotted Wing Drosophila• Ripening fruit attracts adult flies • Remove fruit on the ground• Same control measures as other berries
Aphids • Decline in cane vigor & fruit quality
Crown Borer• Larvae tunnel in base
of canes & crowns
• Canes wilt & droop
• Remove infected canes
• Registered insecticide
before bloom
Harvest• Collect dry fruit in peak of color
• When picked, ripe fruit detaches easily from the receptacle
-yields hollow-cored berry
• Does not ripen further in storage
• Harvest season 4 - 6 weeks (depending on cultivar)
11/12/19
8
Blackberries
• Perennial• Extensive root system• Flowers & fruit larger than raspberry• Core retained with fruit • Primocanes & floricanes grow
simultaneously• Productive for 8 – 12 years
Types
• Trailing, semi-erect, & erect• Growth habit & fruit character differ
-Thorny & thornlessTrailing:• Canes grow to 12’ along ground• Excellent fruit quality & flavor • Smaller seeds• 10 -14 lbs fruit / plant• Season June - July (3 - 4 weeks)
Types continued…Semi Erect:• Thick 10’ semi-arching canes • Firm glossy fruit, large seeds• 25 - 55 lbs / plant• Season July - OctErect:• Stiff, upright, shorter canes• Fruit firm, large seeded, fair flavored • 4 - 6 lbs / plant• Season July - frost
Blackberries
11/12/19
9
Planting
• Prepare site same as raspberries
• Tolerate varying soil conditions
• Set 3 – 6’ apart within row -distances vary with cultivar
• Space rows 8 – 10’ apart
Trellis
Trellis
• 4-wire trellis with cross arms
• 3-wire trellis
-6 canes in single bundle
->6 canes split part so
half goes to next plant in row
Freestanding
• Choose 5 - 7 canes • Head back below 4 ½ feet .
11/12/19
10
Pruning
• Cut dead floricanes at ground level
in October
• Remove suckers that develop
between rows & hills
• Tip prune semi-erect when canes 5’
• Prune erect when canes 3’
Water & Fertilizer• Irrigate during fruit development &
harvest
• Can stop watering post-harvest
• Base fertilizer on length of primocane growth each year
PestsBrown marmorated
stink bug• Population peaks in
September• Leave puncture wounds
Spotted Wing Drosophila• Approved insecticide• -fly stage
Diseases
Leaf and cane spot• Fungus causes leaf spots
-canes develop cankers • Remove spent fruiting canes
promptly
Fruit rot• Less severe than raspberries• Ensure good air movement
between canes
11/12/19
11
Harvest
• Berries are easily damaged
• Pick gently & collect in shallow containers
• Damaged fruit quickly rots
• Blackberries won’t ripen further after picking
Resources
http://pubs.wsu.eduhttp://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/http://cru84.cahe.wsu.edu/Raspberry cultivars for the Pacific Northwest(PNW655)Growing Small Fruits in the Home Garden(EM103E)
King County Master Gardener Programhttps://extension.wsu.edu/king/gardening/
Master Gardener Foundation of King Countyhttp://www.mgfkc.org/
Demonstration GardensPlant ClinicsEducation OutreachScience-based Publications
Gardener Education
Supported by
Thank You to the Issaquah Grange for donating classroom space!
http://www.mgfkc.org/resources/growinggroceries
top related