1. The Structure of Hydrosphere Muhammad Fahad Ansari12IEEM14 2. The Structure of Hydrosphere• Oceans—96.5% of • Fresh waterwater found heredistribution: – Ice: 1.762%•…

Understanding the Ocean Carbon Cycle from Atmospheric Measurements of O2 and CO2 Andrew Manning, UEA, UK Dave Keeling The Keeling Curve Dave Keeling Ralph Keeling The Keeling…

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 1 Basic Ocean Chemistry AOSC 620 Why do we care? Source of much food. Sink for much CO2 and acids. Biodiversity. Great store and transport of heat.…

Quantifying the Mechanisms Governing Interannual Variability in Air-sea CO2 Flux Ocean Acidification Scott Doney Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1 Gulf of Maine Council…

OCEAN ACIDIFICATION Richard A. Feely, Ph.D. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA NOAA Ocean Climate Climate Observation 7th Annual System Review 28 October 2008…

Quantifying the Mechanisms Governing Interannual Variability in Air-sea CO2 Flux Rising Atmospheric CO2 & Ocean Acidification Scott Doney Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution…

Measurements and Models of Oceanic O2 and CO2 Fluxes Mark Battle (Bowdoin College) Sara Mikaloff Fletcher (UCLA) Michael Bender (Princeton) Ralph Keeling (SIO) Nicolas Gruber…

THE EARTH’S HYDROSPHERE The Earth’s liquid water constitutes the hydrosphere. The vast majority of Earth’s water is in the oceans (salt water), with smaller, but geologically…