Year 10 Biology
Revision
Unit 1 in an Hour!
Label each part of
the animal and
plant cells and
describe its
function.
Extra – Describe how you would use a
light microscope to make a slide of an
animal and plant cell.
Describe some specialised cells.
Extra: Define each of the terms above and
give examples
Label each picture using the words below:
Organ organ system tissue cell
• Give examples of diffusion in/out of cells?
• Extra: Describe the experiment that shows diffusion
of iodine into Visking tubing filled with starch.
Draw molecules
in the boxes
before and after
diffusion!
Osmosis is the movement of w_______ molecules from a h_____
concentration to a l____ concentration across a s_________ permeable
membrane.
Draw arrows to show the direction of osmosis in the first diagram.
Extra: Explain why the water level went up.
Higher Tier: What is active transport? How is it different to diffusion?
EnzymesEnzymes are b_________ c_________ (increase the rate of c_______
r_______ in living things). Enzymes are made from p_________.
Enzymes are s______ to the substrate/reactant they break down.
•Are sensitive to p_ levels and t___________
Denatured means …
The l___ and k__ model explains how enzymes work.
Extra: complete the blanks below the pictures.
+ ↔ +↔
E_____
S_______+
E_____-s_______
complex↔
P_______
enzyme
+↔
Aerobic Respiration
•Takes place in a_____ and p_____ cells.
•Carried out by the m__________.
Energy needed for:
•
•
•
G______ + O_____ C_____ d____ + W____
Anaerobic Respiration•Takes place where no o_______ is present.
•Takes place in M______ cells during
vigorous exercise
Glucose L____ A___
Anaerobic Respiration
produces ____ energy
than Aerobic Respiration!
Extra: How does lactic acid affect
muscles?
The Effects of Exercise
Heart rate
Breathing rate
More O______ and G_______
supplied to muscles
Increase in R________ rate
More E_____ for muscle
contraction.
More _____ removed Glycogen
Stored g_____ found
in muscles
Extra: What is Oxygen Debt
Amount of o_____ needed to
breakdown l_____ a___, formed
during a_______ respiration.
The Respiratory System
Identify the following on the diagram:
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Ribs
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
• Which gases move in and out of the
alveoli?
• How is the air we breathe in different
to the air we breathe out?
Extra: Where have these gases come
from? How do they move into and out of
the alveoli?
Describe how the movement of the diaphragm and the ribs help us
breathe in (inspiration) and out (expiration).
The effects of smokingSmoking brings 3 substances into the body:
N which is addictive
C M which reduces the amount of oxygen carried by blood
T which causes lung cancer
Explain the effect of cigarette smoke on the cilia in your trachea.
Extra: name
some diseases
caused by
cigarette
smoke and
their effects.
The Digestive System• Label each
part and
summarise
the job of
each!
• What is
digestion?
Extra: Where does mechanical digestion take place and
where does chemical digestion take place?
If the a chemical ends with ....ase, then it is an enzyme.
G
G + F A
Extra: Why do we need bile?
Nutrients in food
What is a balanced diet?
For a balanced diet we need:
• C
• P
• F
• V
• M
• F
• W
Use the picture to identify foods containing each nutrient and
describe why we need them.
Extra: What problems can be caused by too much
fat, sugar and salt?
Describe the experiment to find out the energy
content of food.
Describe the tests for starch, sugars and
proteins!
Photosynthesis
W____ + C____ D____ G_____ + O_____
From roots/soil From air through stomata Released into air
Stored as starch
Sunlight
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
• G_____ pigment
• Found in c________
• Absorbs l_____ energy
Don’t forget that plants
also carry out respiration to
release energy.
Extra: Describe what plants use glucose made in
photosynthesis for.
Factors Affecting PhotosynthesisAs factor rises, so does the rate of photosynthesis
T__________- Above 45oC, enzymes d_________C_____ d______L____ intensity
All of these, at a particular time, may be the limiting factor.
A
B
At A ____________ is
the limiting factor
because…
At B __________ is
the limiting factor
because…
Extra: sketch the
graph for the rate of
photosynthesis with
temperature.
Investigating Photosynthesis
Describe the steps you
would do to test a leaf for
starch.
• Put in boiling water to …
• Use alcohol to …
• Wash in hot water to ...
• Put iodine on to …
How can this experiment show that
plants need light for photosynthesis?
Extra: How can the
use of sodium
hydroxide show
plants need carbon
dioxide for
photosynthesis?
Circulatory system Label the
following in the
picture: right
atrium, left atrium,
left ventricle, right
ventricle, vena
cava, aorta,
pulmonary vein,
pulmonary artery
• Why do we need valves in the heart?
• Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than
the right?
• Which vessels are the arteries and which
are the veins?
• What do the blue and red colour tell us?
Extra: Why is it described as a double
circulation?
Circulatory system
Match the parts of blood with their function and identify on the
picture:
Red blood cell fight disease
White blood cell help blood clot
Platelets carries gases and soluble nutrients
Plasma carry oxygen
Extra: What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
• How do substances carried
in blood pass into cells?
• How is the structure of
capillaries adapted for
this?
Food chains, webs, pyramids and
energy flow
From the food web below:
• Write 3 food chains.
• What do the arrows tell us.
• Name a producer and consumer.
• If all of the frogs died, what would
happen to the number of ants? Mice?
Why?
Look at the picture above:
• What do the boxes tell us about the
number of each organism.
• Why is the bottom box so small?
Extra:
How can you tell this a pyramid of
numbers?
Energy Transfers
The cow eats 100kJ of energy in the form of grass.
63kJ is lost in faeces, urine and gas and 4kJ is converted to body cells,
available to the next consumer in the food chain (us!).
• How much is lost in respiration?
• How is it lost?
Higher Tier: Work out the efficiency of this energy transfer.
Extra:
Why do green plants only
capture a small percentage
of solar energy?
Fertilisers and pesticides
Farmers increase the amount of crops they produce by using fertilisers and
pesticides.
A fertiliser adds minerals to help plants to g________.
Pesticides kill p______ that might harm the crop, like i______ such as aphids.
Fertilisers can be washed into rivers.
Describe what could happen and why.Pesticides can build up in animal’s bodies
and reach toxic levels. This is called
b______________.
Extra: What problems can this cause?
Some people think that
intensive farming is cruel.
Think of a reason for and a
reason against battery
farming.
Indicator species and intensive farming
Some organisms can tell us if there is pollution
in the air or water. We call these indicator
species.
L________ tell us if there is a high level of
s_______ d_______ in the air.
Extra: Where does this gas come from?
Water i__________ tell us if there is water
pollution caused by changes in p_ or o______
levels.
Extra: What could cause this change?
Useful tips
•Read all of the question carefully before you start answering.
•Answer every question, even if you only guess.
•Do not write “don’t know” or “wasn’t here when we did this”- it will not get you any marks!
•When you have finished. Check through your work. Reading it carefully! This will be the last time you have a chance to!
•If there is a calculation, show your working out!
RELAX!!!
GOOD LUCK!
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