World War II
The Unfinished BusinessOf
The Great War
How did 1919 Paris Peace Conference contribute to rising tensions in the ‘30s?
How did 1919 Paris Peace Conference contribute to rising tensions in the ‘30s?
• European Allies (GB, France & Italy)–Desire to punish & weaken Germany–Negotiate traditionally: Winner / Loser– Sought security from future aggression– Execute the secret treaties
• US wanted to create lasting peace–Wilson’s Fourteen Points– League of Nations
How did 1919 Paris Peace Conference contribute to rising tensions in the ‘30s?
• Germany– War Guilt Clause, $$, Occupation, Borders – Weimar Republic’s instability
• Italy– Treaty of London promises… LAND!– Fiume + more!
• Japan– Pacific Rim control… G islands + free hand in Asia– Equal status as a Great Power? Racism!
The Road to World War IIAggression
Imperial Japan
Fascist Italy
Nazi Germany
Meiji Expansion
Sino-J War 1895Taiwan
Russo-J War 1905Annex Korea
Ethiopia 1935
Rhineland1936
Anschluss 1938
Spanish Civil War1936
Czech CrisisMunich 1938
Germany & Italy aid Fascists
1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact
Poland
Manchuria 1931China 1937
Spain Falls to Fascist
Dictator Franco
Rhineland… Austria… Munich Conference ‘38
• Sudetenland demanded
• Munich Pact avoids war
• Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia early ‘39
Checking 4 Understanding…
• Which nation(s) did Japan have conflict with?–China, Russia, Korea
• Which nation was conquered by Fascist Italy?– Ethiopia
• Which areas did Hitler annex in the 30s prior to armed conflict?–Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Czech
Pablo Picasso – Cubist PaintingGuernica, 1937
What is he communicating?
Hitler & Poland
• Lebensraum• Polish Corridor• Goal = German
Unification
War in Europe: Phase I• Invasion of Poland 9/1/1939– Nazi Blitzkrieg• Air attack• Armor• Infantry
– USSR Expands per Nazi-Soviet Pact• Eastern Poland• Baltic nations• Finland
–Sitzkrieg = Phony War = WAIT
War in Europe: Blitzkrieg Phase II 1940• Invasion of Scandinavia– Norway & Denmark
• Invasion of Low Countries– Holland, Belgium &
Luxembourg
• Invasion of France– Dunkirk (G’s Mistake)– Capture of Paris– Occupied France
v. Vichy France is a puppet state of Nazi G
WW II: Phase II… continued
• Operation Sea Lion >> Battle of Britain– GB is isolated, Nazi controls Continent…
• Prime Minister Churchill… “finest hour”
– Nazi Luftwaffe bombs military targets…oops, civilians too!– GB bombs Berlin… Hitler angry – Nazi bombing shifts to London = BLITZ
• the Blitz… day & night bombings
– RAF defends with help of RADAR– US is neutral… isolationism… but WC + FDR deal…
• Cash & Carry > Destroyer Deal > Lend Lease > Atlantic Charter
– Hitler abandons plan… where next?
Operation BarbarossaJune 1941
• Hitler invades USSR– Stalin unprepared– Stalin: Scorched Earth Plan
• Nazi Siege of Leningrad– 9/41 >> survival
• Moscow– 10/41 >> WINTER!!
• Stalingrad = oil fields– 8/41 >> 2/42– Urban Warfare– Soviets defend & drive Nazis back = turning point
WW II – The Pacific TheaterJapan v. US
• Japan expanded into Indochina & SE Asia
• Japanese aggression >> US Embargo… no more oil
• Gen. Tojo – Takes control of Japan– Envoys negotiating peace in
Washington, DC…• 12/7/1941 J surprise attack on Pearl
Harbor… plus Hong Kong (GB), Wake (US), Guam (US) & Thailand – “… a day which will live in infamy”
The Effect of Pearl Harbor Attack• US declares war
12/8/1941 on Japan• G & Italy declare war on
US… vice versa• US Entry into WW2!• 1942 Japanese victories…– Philippines…Bataan– Singapore & Malaysia– Dutch East Indies
• Doolittle B-25 Raid 4/1942
• US deciding on focus point & strategy…
1942A Big Year for the Allies
• European Theater– Aug 42 – Stalingrad– Oct 42 – El Alamein– Nov 42• Operation Torch (US)• Gen Eisenhower
• Pacific Theater– May 42 – Coral Sea– June 42 – Midway– Island Hopping • Gen. MacArthur
– Aug 42 – Guadalcanal
The Big Three: FDR, Churchill, Stalin
The Big Meetings• 1941 = Atlantic Charter by FDR/WC– Idealistic statement of goals– Freedom from want & tyranny– Freedom of seas, religion & sovereignty
• 1943 = Casablanca Conference – FDR/WC – Unconditional Surrender demanded
• 1943 = Tehran Conference – FDR/WC/JS– G to be disarmed & occupied
• 1945 = Yalta Conference – FDR/WC/JS– Postwar agreements – UN, G divided, R>J, Eastern
European governments
Operation Overlord = D-Day
• Invasion of France
• 6/6/1944• Allied Foothold >
Liberation of France > Germany
Big Meetings…
• Potsdam Conference– HST (FDR now dead),
Stalin & GB (no WC)– Demand for “unconditional surrender” of Japan (?)– Ultimatum to Japan …
no response… A-Bombs away…– Tension HST <> Stalin
The Home Front• Role of Women– Industrial jobs– Spies & Support
• Raising Citizens– Propaganda– Ideology– Censorship
• Raising Money – Bonds & Taxes
• Rationing
The End of WW2
• Europe– D-Day > March to Berlin– US controls western
Europe– USSR controls eastern
Europe– Hitler and other key Nazis
commit suicide– War Crimes Trials“Crimes Against Humanity”
• Pacific– Island Hopping to Tokyo– Firebombing of Tokyo– Invasion or bomb?– August 1945
• Hiroshima• Nagasaki• J Surrenders
– War Crimes Trials
Now What?
• How will the world change as a result of this war?– Europe?– Asia?– Africa?– Middle East?– Western Hemisphere?
