Vertebrate Origins
Haikouella lanceolata, early Cambrian
Diversity of Chordates
56,000 species10 mm to 40 m longEvery habitatLarge body size
Sea squirt, Atriolum robustum
American toad,Bufo americanus
Shoal chub, Macrhybopsis hyostoma Eastern box turtle,Terrapene carolina
Pronghorn antelope,Antilocarpa americana
Amphioxus(probably Branchiostoma)
Laughing gull, Larus atricilla
Chordate Characteristics
1. Notochord2. Pharynx3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord4. Postanal tail5. Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1. Notochord2. Pharynx3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord4. Postanal tail5. Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1. Notochord2. Pharynx3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord4. Postanal tail5. Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1. Notochord2. Pharynx3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord4. Postanal tail5. Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
1. Notochord2. Pharynx3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord4. Postanal tail5. Endostyle-thyroid gland
Endostyle-thyroid
How are vertebrates different from other chordates?
1. ENDOSKELETON: Vertebrae? (actually vertebrae are lacking in hagfishes and rudimentary in lampreys)
2. Cephalization: Cranium (all sense organs located towad anterior region of body)
3. Tripartite brain with associated complex, paired sense organs and cranial nerves
4. Chambered heart: CLOSED circulatory system
5. Alimentary canal (digestive system)
6. Specialized organ systems
Body Systems
• Integumentary– Hair, skin, nails, sweat
glands and sebaceous glands
– Protection
– Regulates body temperature
– Houses sense organs
Body Systems
• Muscular– Muscles
– FXN:
– causes body movement
– maintains posture
– produces body heat
Body Systems
• Skeletal– Bones, cartilage,
ligaments
– Aids in movements
– Support
– Protects
– Produces blood cells
Body Systems
• Digestive System– Mouth, tongue, teeth,
salivary glands, esophogus, stomach, liver, sm and lg intestines
– Breakdown food and absorbs nutrients
– Excretes waste
Body Systems
• Respiratory– Lungs and nasal cavity,
bronchi
– Exchange gases
Body Systems
• circulatory– Heart and blood
vessels
– Transports blood and nutrients thru body
Body Systems
• Excretory/ urinary– Kidneys, urinary
bladder, urethra
– Removes waste from blood
– maintain water balance
– eliminates urine
Body Systems
• Endocrine– Pituitary glands,
pancreas thyroid, adrenal gland
– Secrete hormones to regulate metabolism
Body Systems
• Nervous– Brain, spinal column,
sense organs
– Respond to stimuli
Animation: http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200011.htm
Body Systems• Reproductive
– Vagina/Penis– Reproduction– Support dev of
embyro
