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Urban Precinct StudioABPL 30051
Module 3Individual Report
Coordinator:Barrie Shelton
Tutors:Chiu chen-yu
FernandoLi Dan
Group 9 Qinyang zhu 380214 (Aland)
Grattan Street-Town & Gown
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Grattan Street-Town Gown
Contents
00 Introduction01 Urban context analysis:
02 Development Strategies03 Development Framework
04 Deliverary
05 Conclusion06 Reference List
1.1 Regional access1.2 Local access1.3 Function Analysis1.4 Activity Analysis1.5 Heritage Building Analysis1.6 Urban Fabrics1.7 Building Interfaces1.8 Landscape and open space
3.1 City-scale Vision: a polycentric City3.2 Regional Access3.3 Local Access3.4 Activities3.5 Functional Use3.5 Urban Fabrics3.6 Building Interfaces3.7 Open Space Activation
4.1 University Square4.2 Grattan Street4.3 New Medical Building Site4.4 laneways4.5 Pelham street
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00 Introduction
A ‘window’ (Grattan street and its south university pre-cinct) in a ‘house’ (university) is a relationship between the inside of the house and the outside world (surrounding suburbs as well as Melbourne metropolitan). It transmits light and air, and it allows glimpses between the public and private realms. When it fails to operate in these ways, it becomes a mere whole in the wall’. Kunstler (1996: 83)
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
A 'window' (university square and south university precinct) in a 'house' (university) is a relationship between the inside of the house and the outside world (surrounding suburbs as well as Melbourne metropolitan). It transmits light and air, and it allows glimpses between the public and private realms. When it fails to operate in these ways, it becomes a mere whole in the wall'.
Kunstler (1996: 83)
OPENING UP UNIVERSITY
ConnectivityConnecting Parkville To A Polycentric MelbournePrioritising Public Transport Accessibility
ActivityActivating a 24 hour City/ CampusDiversifying Functional Use
Enhancing Street-scape Vitality for Pedestrians
Sense of PlaceCreating a More Pedestrian-friendly Urban Environment
University’s 'window':
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
A 'window' (university square and south university precinct) in a 'house' (university) is a relationship between the inside of the house and the outside world (surrounding suburbs as well as Melbourne metropolitan). It transmits light and air, and it allows glimpses between the public and private realms. When it fails to operate in these ways, it becomes a mere whole in the wall'.
Kunstler (1996: 83)
OPENING UP UNIVERSITY
ConnectivityConnecting Parkville To A Polycentric MelbournePrioritising Public Transport Accessibility
ActivityActivating a 24 hour City/ CampusDiversifying Functional Use
Enhancing Street-scape Vitality for Pedestrians
Sense of PlaceCreating a More Pedestrian-friendly Urban Environment
University’s 'window': The study area (university main campus and the Parkville suburb along the Grattan street transect) is located 1.3 km north of Melbourne CBD. As the inner city suburbs, Parkville & Carlton possess very strong character of knowl-edge and health precinct. However, these two key char-acters are limited within the university area(house). At the same time, the Grattan street carrying heavy traffic is acting as a ‘wall’ isolates university with the surrounding suburbs.
University has viewed this challenge and started to de-
velop university expansion, which integrated surroundings in its precinct(TCLLA, 2011). Recently, in 2001, the crea-tion of university square, which was a private owned land formerly occupied by a bowling club, is one very signifi-cant move transforming the Grattan street and its south-ern blocks to a university’s ‘window’(Buckridge,2001). Our vision seeks to reinforce the strategy, focusing on blurring the boundary between ‘town’ and ‘gown’, opening up university and integrated it with the general public..
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01 Urban Context Analysis1.1 Regional Access Study
1.1.1 Traffic Analysis:
Large Scale Analysis:
In the city scale, the disconnection of east-west link namely, eastern freeway, (140,000 vpd), City link toll way (130,000 vpd),Western ring road (113,000 vpd),Prince highway (60,000 vpd), Racecource Road (39,000 vpd) Dynon Road (35,000 vpd)and Dockland hwy (11,000 vpd)(city-wide distributors), force massive non local traffic flowing into the Alexandra Parade(87,000 vpd)/Princes Street(56,000 vpd), Flemington Road(35,000 vpd), Vic-toria Parade/Victoria Street(28,000 vpd) (district distribu-tors) (EWLNA, 2008)(Eddington, 2008). Due to the addi-tional traffic, these district distributors suffers heavy traffic congestions during the peak periods.
This then further force many drivers to access through local streets. Grattan street as a local street, car-ries large amount of nonlocal traffic(20,000 vpd) from northeast(Princes street, Alexandra parade, Nicholson street & Hohnston street) to west and south west (Peel street, Flemington rd, Victoria street & Dudley street)(RA-TIO,2000).
phase 1
Legends:District distributor
Local distributor
Collector (minor local road)
Grattan St
More specifically, the traffic congestion during peak time is due to: Amixoflocaltrafficmovementandcommutertraffic.
Indicated in the diagram, it is this east-west 10% nonlocal traffic from Eastern freeway occupies 60-70% traffic volume along the Grattan street(Eddington, 2008)(RATIO,2000). Give priority for trams service operation (the public
transportation along these roads also experience additional delay)(RATIO,2000). priorityforAnumberofinstitutionaluses(e.g.hospi-
tals along Flemington Road)(RATIO,2000).As the result, Grattan street as the local road even experi-
ence light/medium traffic delay 1-10/10-20 min during peak hours(EWLNA, 2008)(RATIO,2000). This then form the bar-rier between campus and Carlton south.
University Scale Analysis:
Impermeable university superblock canalize traffic along its boundary, where heavy traffic segregates university from its surroundings & general public. Most small retailer units, open public spaces and activities are concentrated at center. This ‘grid erosion’ is a short step to the ‘Gated community‘, which is the university(Carmona, 2010).
Eastern Fw Case Study:Traffic Distribution Cross Broader AreaEast-west Disconnection
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1.1.2 Public Transport Analysis:
The key issues are:
Railway:Duringpeakperiods,manypassengerspar-ticularly in northern and Clifton Hill groups are unable to board. In public transportation, the issue of east-west con-nection also exists(EWLNA, 2008). AccordingtoEastWesttransportsupplyanddemand,
all rail groups will experience significant growth in demand over the next two decades(6.6% on average). In which, Pres-sure on the Northern Group will be the greatest (9.5% peak hour growth) with a doubling in patronage within the next 8 to 10 years(EWLNA, 2008). Tram&busatKeyeast-westroutes,(e.g.VictoriaStreet,
prince st) and North-south route (e.g. Elizabeth st and swan-ston st,)experiences additional delays due to giving priority over traffic movements(EWLNA, 2008). Inferior public transport system and city-wide traffic
disconnection lead to the heavy non-local traffic along Grat-tan St.
Public transport Experience similar east-west disconnec-tion issue. Because of the transport capacity constraints, delays as well as further 30% population growth by 2030, urgent improvement of public transport system are required(Eddington, 2008; EWLNA, 2008).
Royal Park
Parliament
Flinders St
Shrine of Remebrance
East Richmond
North Richmond
Colling Wood
Victoria Park
Clifton Hill
Flinders St
Flemington Bridge
New Market
FootscrayREB
REB
Melbourne Central
Southern Cross
North Melbourne
Melbourne Uni
Melbourne Uni
Legends:Train line
Tram line
Bus line
Main Transport Interchange Point
Rail Network Capacity Constrains
1.2 Local Access Study
The key challenges are: In general, most cycling routes are
provided along the main street. Heavy traf-fic along the Grattan street and Royal parade becomes the safety concern for cyclists. Along the key access routes, namely
royal parade, Elizabeth Street and Fleming-ton Road, there is no sign for bicycle lane. In a regional scale, the bicycle net-
work seems disconnected and fragmented. Limited bicycle route discourage the bicycle use(Public Transport Victoria, 2010).
1.2.1 Cyclist Network
Along the Grattan street transect the key is-sues associated with the pedestrian network are listed below.
Inside University:•Somepathsarevisuallyimpermeable(e.g.
medical building area), this erode the use of these streets.•Someareaswithinuniversityarediscon-
nected with streets(e.g. royal botanic gar-den).
1.2.2 Pedestrian Network
Opportunities: Some inner suburbs(e.g. North Mel-
bourne) don’t have direct access to public transport, due to relative short distance to CBD and key services. However, the physical distance is too long for pedestrian walking. At these area, bicycles access routes connecting to key services could be vital. Bycomparewithcar,bicycleperform
much better in contributing to the street life without disturbing pedestrian. This can be great opportunity for opening up the univer-sity, if more direct riding routes could be pro-vided with the large ‘gated’ blocks.
Grattan street south:•Mostsmalllanewaysareunderusedand
maintain low level of permeability.•Inferiorlanewayamenitydiscouragepe-
destrian access, and causing safety concerns.According the diagram, the orange areas
indicated most problematic areas, which mostly are concentrated at south campus boundary, medical building and infrastruc-ture engineering building, where street life is disappeared. This partially contributes to the segregation of town and gown as well.
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500 m
Health/medical
Education
University general
Business
residential
Public park
mixed
Others: car parking, uniton,
factory, construction site,
undefined areas.
Existing Functional use map
Builing Function Along At Street level:
The intermediate building function map also demonstrate the issue of town gown segregation. TheParkvillecampusisoccupiedbyuniversitybuild-
ings which on the on hand give its strong local identity, how-ever at the same time this makes the area mono functional. Eastandwestcampusasthehealthprecinctsstarted
to build certain relationship with general public. However, only necessary activities are accommodated (hospitals). At the south campus (Grattan street south), the in-
tegration between university and Carlton suburbs though mixed building functions could be noticed. However, as the matter of fact, street life doesn’t thrive. This is because these
1.3 Function Analysis
university buildings normally have on linear relationship with general public. In addition to access restrictions, such as Mel-bourne business school, the intention of inclusive university has not been fully achieved. Ingeneral,thewholesouthCarltonareaisunderde-
veloped. Function distribution of pedestrian friendly unit (e.g. restaurant, cafes) are fragmented. Meanwhile, the buildings at this area is vertically nonfunctional, which suppress street life. Due to distinctive function difference between uni-
versity and surrounding suburbs(west & east), University be-come an island segregated with surroundings.
The following diagram specifically examines if the building function has direct relationship with pedestrian at the street level. The active units indicated in green lines stands for, ex-hibits, Shops, sideway cafe, restaurants and yards, which attract pedestrians and stimulate more stationary activities. And the passive units, such as educational use only accom-modate necessary activities and are used by certain group of people. The passive units do not contribute to street life but lead to ‘movement space’(Gehl, 2006).
At the ground level: Only Barry street, west Pelham street and Grattan-
Swanston street intersection can be ranked as ‘Social space’, where interaction between pedestrians occurs. Due to the lackof continuousactiveunitsnetwork,
these fragmented areas provided little contribution to street life. Grattanstreetoccupiedbylargeproportationofpas-
sive unit lead to the gown-town segregation.
Active unit
Medium
Passice unit
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500 m
Closing hours
6pm
1am
The second diagram examines the night activity in-tensity through assessing the buildings' opening hour within a intermediate scale. LygonstreetandpartofSwanstonstreetexhibit
high degree of night activities, whereas activities long Grattan street, university campus and south Carlton started to disappear since 6pm. partially demonstrated in this diagram, Grattan
street only provide limited number and types of activities and interactions.
1.4 Activity Analysis:
Existing Activity Pricincts Study Bulidng Closing Hours (to Public)
Places with social activities has been mapped in the dia-gram. The intention here is to unfold the issue between town gown disconnection through the aspect of activity dis-tribution and disconnection.
The key challenges revealed in this diagram are: Activitiesinthecampusareconcentratedwithinthe
super block. In addition to the complex street network or-ganization, these activities are isolated from the public (as mentioned in traffic session). Somespacesaretooopen,whichmakepeoplefeel
empty, and have dispersal effect on human activity(Gehl, 2006). e.g. university square. Someplaces,inreverse,donothaveaproperopen
space to accommodate the activities. e.g royal hospital Many activities precincts are isolated, due to heavy
traffic barrier, low number of street connection and poor street amenity. Some others are ‘hidden’ which is less visually
permeable.
Opportunities:Lygon street gives a good example, which make whole
street as an activity spine. As the matter of fact, certain degree of street activities has occurred across the Grattan street. In addition to the proximity to Lygon street, This gives base for Grattan street to develop into a new activities spine linking town and gown as well as Lygon street, therefore forming a more resilient activity network.
Secondly potentials should be noticed, that many activi-ties precincts do have different characters(i.e. people with diverse background). By encouraging cross background interaction, street activities will be increased exponentially. For instance, in front of royal Melbourne hospital, peoples who interact are mainly patients and their families. If the Grattan street is highly activated and accessible, patients and
their families may take a walk to south lawn and uni-versity square while they waiting, rambling or smoking. The energy of youth will help to release pressure and pains, helping them regain the joy and confidence in life. According to Allan Jacobs: ‘people should find the city a place where they can break from traditional moulds, extend their experience, meet new people, learn other viewpoints, and have fun’(Jacobs,1961).
Gated
Pleasing
Medium
Inferior
Quality of activity pricincts:
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Historical urban spaces provide an emotionally nourish-ing environment. The optimization of the visual, acoustical and tactile signals transmit rich content, forming strong local characters(Arida, 2002). The Parkville main campus extending from Grattan street to Swanston street, is the major historical core and is recognized with strong cultural values(Jackson, 2008)(City of Melbourne, 2010). These heritage buildings distinguish university with its surrounding terrace houses as two different sets of characters(City of Melbourne, 2012).
From the analysis the key challenges are: The concentration of heritage buildings maintains
identical character of the main campus. However, partially due to the historical reasons, most heritage buildings are concentrated at the center. And the sequential educational buildings constructed around mid 20th century along the street exhibit low heritage value. The spatial isolation of ma-jor heritage buildings inhibit ‘the collective memory and common identity ‘ shared by general public. Some heritage built forms prohibit the free move-
ment between campus and outside. For instance, the herit-age fence in front of the 1888 building, makes university ex-clusive. The lofty welcome building(John Medley), and high stairs discourage visitor access to the south lawn. Grattanstreetsouthcontainsfewnumberofheritage
buildings. Meanwhile most of them are terrace houses. This strong contrasts segregate gown and town.
Opportunities:Many existing activities precincts, e.g. south lawn, are ac-
commodated by heritages buildings. The heritage buildings do encourage the stationary activities, due to rich visual and historical content they transmit. New activities spines linking existing activities nodes or with the aim of connecting town and gown could be established along these buildings.
1.5 Heritage Building Analysis
500 m
Heritage and Signi�cant modern architecturemoderate heritage value
High heritage value
Contemporary heritage value
Heritage value facades
Heritage telling our where we are from, for the sense of idenity, its our root
Moderate heritage value
High heritage value
Contemporary heritage value
Heritage value facades
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1.6.1 Grain Size:
When a street is cover by few large units, such as north side of Grattan street, the empty space is more likely to oc-cur on the build¬ing facades. Street then, becomes monoto-nous. However, in a street with high density of units, this street tend to attract more people who have various inter-ests. Secondly, large number of units make a street more spontaneous and unpredictable, because it is controlled by large number of owners. The street with large number of small units enhance the street diversity and stimulate street life(Gehl, 2006). Accordingtothemap,universitycampusisdefinedas
coarse grain area, which is occupied by large buildings. Incontrast,southCarltoncontainsmoresmallunits.
This can be exemplified with Grattan street & Swanston street junction, Barry street and east Pelham street. Accord-ing the activity analysis, normally, these areas also provide opportunities for activities to thrive. The sharp contrast in terms of grain size between
south and north Grattan street differentiates university from Carlton. TheeducationalbuildingsconstructedatsouthGrat-
tan street area also are large units, e.g. Alan Gilbert build-ing, law building and economics buildings, which suppress street life.
1.6.2 Building Height:
The major aspects that relate to building height are ‘inter-activeness’, ‘enclosure’ and ‘Micro-climate’. •‘Interactiveness’:themeaningfulcontactofhumanonly
possible from first few floors. Low buildings along a street are in harmony with people movement and the way that func-tion is sensed. Tall build¬ings are not. Meanwhile, accord-ing to Life between Buildings(Gehl, 2006), the distance for meaningful conversa¬tion is 1-3.75m (social distance), the most interactive part of the building are restricted at first two floors. In the study area, Barry street and south side of Grat-tan street show advantage on this criteria. For Sitte(1889), s buildingheight& streetwidth ra-
tio should kept between 1:2.5 and 1:1 which provide good sense of enclosure and light penetration. Along the Grat-tan street, medical building, Infrastructure engineering build-ing tend to over-shade the street, while, buildings along the Leicester street failed to create the closure for university square. ‘Micro-climate:Windtendstobypassthelow,densely
built areas. However it is captured and directed downward, and intensified by tall and free standing buildings (e.g. Mel-bourne law building)(Gehl, 2006). •Tallbuildingaslandmark:Infact,especiallywhenthey
are sitting among many low buildings, tall buildings with
interesting forms could become identical landmark(e.g. Fi-nance and Economics build¬ing). These tall buildings could also facilitate orientation (Lynch, 1984).
The analysis of building height demonstrates that nothing is absolutely positive or negative. The locality and surround-ing environment needs to be well-considered for the sake of better social, environmental and visual performance.
1.6 Urban Fabrics:
10 or more floors
5 - 9 floors
3 - 4 floors
1 - 2 floors
Buliding Grain size Buliding Height
Buliding Height & Human’s Vision Field
Buliding Height & Micro-Climate
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Flexible transitional zone often function as connecting links, that makes physically and psychologically easier for residents and activities to move between private and public(Gehl, 2006).
Five transitional space elements are listed at right side of presentation. •Front yards: semi-public zonesbetween streetand fa-
cades (2-4m in depth) is visually accessible. It potentially gives chance for conservation between house owners and pe-destrians, thereby activating public environment. e.g.Terrace house yard along the Barry street. •GreenSpace:Greenspaceinfrontofthelargebuildings
give pedestrian visual relaxing and diffuse public and private
1.7 Building Interfaces:
Front yard; green space(Bring visual interests)
Low fence(Ensure visibility)
Transparent material(Ensure visibility)
Human scale building edges(allow sitting and relying)
Semi-Public space
Active Edge:
sphere to some extent. • Low fence: Low fence reduces the visual barrier be-
tween public and private, but maintains space ownership. •Humanscalebuildingedges:Activeedgessuchashalf
shade, colonnades, awnings and sunshades, and physical support have high potential allowing stationary activities to occur. The edge of a space provides best opportunities for surveying street due to less exposure under the public (when one’s back is protected, others can approach only frontally, making it easy to keep watch and to react)(Gehl, 2006). e.g. Giblin Eunson library. Relatable seatsprovidedby small cafesanddinning
shops are arranged in the street. This gives pedes¬trian more
control on public space(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). •Transparentmaterials:throughwindows,by-passerswill
be able to see what is going on from the public. Public and private interface is activated. e.g. Business and economics building. On the contrary, sharply demarcated borders such as those found in some multi-storey residences make private and public interaction difficult.
Indicated through those highlighted green area, overall, transitional zones are well designed at North Royal parade, Barry street and most parts of Grattan street and Swanston street. Places occupied by high proportion of hard edges are Berkeley street, some part of Pelham street and Bouverie street and most secondary laneways at south Carlton.
Public Public
Soft edge
Hard edge
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Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie Shelton
Group 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
University Grey Brick Paving
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Issues:Well connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfort-able for pedestrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cy-clists only
Tra�c Intersection Issues:This is major problematic tra�c intersec-tion where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestrians
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
Objective 3 Creating more attractive, fuid, safer streets
Grattan Street
West-east Laneways
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
University Grey Brick Paving
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Issues:Well connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfort-able for pedestrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cy-clists only
Tra�c Intersection Issues:This is major problematic tra�c intersec-tion where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestrians
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
Objective 3 Creating more attractive, fuid, safer streets
Grattan Street
West-east Laneways
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
University Grey Brick Paving
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Issues:Well connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfort-able for pedestrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cy-clists only
Tra�c Intersection Issues:This is major problematic tra�c intersec-tion where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestrians
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
Objective 3 Creating more attractive, fuid, safer streets
Grattan Street
West-east Laneways
1. Change dierent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the trac and increase the priority of pedestrians
1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only
Making Intimate, Human Scale EnvironmentBEFORE
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
University Grey Brick Paving
Proposed changing streets
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
Existing Street Furniture Grass cover
Shrubs cover
Tree cover
Tree cover (small)
Modification area
Proposed Sitting Areasture
Proposed Bicycle StationstureProposed other Street Furni-tures (Bins, Drinking Water)ture
1. Increase vegetation diversity along the university square.
2 Increase medium height vege-tastion cover makes square psy-chologically protected. enhance the sense of progression.
3 Plant more trees and vegeta-tions along the small laneways and major pedestrianzed street.
Objective 4
Creating a more stationary, Sitting in the Sun
Sitting in the ShadeSitting Alone
Sitting in Groups
Sitting Up Front
1 More Socially Comfortable Sitting
2 Physically Comfortable Sitting & Visually Attractive Seats
ISSUES:There are not enough sittings in the public space, especially when the proposed pedestrian networks and builtform are introduced.Presently, only a few options of sit-tings ; sitting environment and furni-tures are uncomfortable either.Not enough basic facilities for pedes-trian to use.No vital street lighting in the univer-sity square to facilitate the night ac-tivities
3 Bike Shelters and Other Basic Facilities
4 Pedestrian-friendly Street lightings
Benches with backrests or well-contoured chairs can make the people feel more comfortable.Use colourful or innovative sittting to attract pedestrians.
Drinking water, bins and bike shelters can be placed close to each other where the major ac-tivities occur the most (Square, laneways etc.)
Use colourful or bright lighting to create a hub-like enviornment and facilitate the night activityUse lighting to lead pedestriansLighting should be used along the laneways (safety isses)
Existing Street Furniture
Proposed Sitting Areas
Proposed Bicycle Stations
Proposed other Street Furnitures(Bins, Drinking Water)
Objective 4
Creating a more stationary, Sitting in the Sun
Sitting in the ShadeSitting Alone
Sitting in Groups
Sitting Up Front
1 More Socially Comfortable Sitting
2 Physically Comfortable Sitting & Visually Attractive Seats
ISSUES:There are not enough sittings in the public space, especially when the proposed pedestrian networks and builtform are introduced.Presently, only a few options of sit-tings ; sitting environment and furni-tures are uncomfortable either.Not enough basic facilities for pedes-trian to use.No vital street lighting in the univer-sity square to facilitate the night ac-tivities
3 Bike Shelters and Other Basic Facilities
4 Pedestrian-friendly Street lightings
Benches with backrests or well-contoured chairs can make the people feel more comfortable.Use colourful or innovative sittting to attract pedestrians.
Drinking water, bins and bike shelters can be placed close to each other where the major ac-tivities occur the most (Square, laneways etc.)
Use colourful or bright lighting to create a hub-like enviornment and facilitate the night activityUse lighting to lead pedestriansLighting should be used along the laneways (safety isses)
Existing Street Furniture
Proposed Sitting Areas
Proposed Bicycle Stations
Proposed other Street Furnitures(Bins, Drinking Water)
Objective 4
Creating a more stationary, Sitting in the Sun
Sitting in the ShadeSitting Alone
Sitting in Groups
Sitting Up Front
1 More Socially Comfortable Sitting
2 Physically Comfortable Sitting & Visually Attractive Seats
ISSUES:There are not enough sittings in the public space, especially when the proposed pedestrian networks and builtform are introduced.Presently, only a few options of sit-tings ; sitting environment and furni-tures are uncomfortable either.Not enough basic facilities for pedes-trian to use.No vital street lighting in the univer-sity square to facilitate the night ac-tivities
3 Bike Shelters and Other Basic Facilities
4 Pedestrian-friendly Street lightings
Benches with backrests or well-contoured chairs can make the people feel more comfortable.Use colourful or innovative sittting to attract pedestrians.
Drinking water, bins and bike shelters can be placed close to each other where the major ac-tivities occur the most (Square, laneways etc.)
Use colourful or bright lighting to create a hub-like enviornment and facilitate the night activityUse lighting to lead pedestriansLighting should be used along the laneways (safety isses)
Existing Street Furniture
Proposed Sitting Areas
Proposed Bicycle Stations
Proposed other Street Furnitures(Bins, Drinking Water)
1.8.1 Sitting Spaces
Due to time constrains, only formal outdoor sitting places were mapped. According to the outdoor sitting space distri-butions, university campus possess high proportion of sitting space. Whereas south Grattan street area only contains limited number of sitting places. Along theGrattan street transect, formal sitting space
only concentrates at Swanston street intersection. The uneven distribution explains the unbalanced stationary activity distribu-tion between town and gown. People feel comfortable in a space at least partly en-
closed such as by trees(Gehl, 2006). When a person looks a place to sit down, he rarely chooses to sit exposed in the mid-dle of and open space. Fixed chairs are awkward in open spac-es, because there are so much space around them(Carmona, 2010). At university square, this issue becomes very noticeable. Arrangementof seats: Insideuniversity campus,many
seats are arranged to facilitate interaction. This number reduces at Carlton south. ManysittingspacesatCarltonsouthismadewithcon-
crete and blue stone which is physically uncomfortable to sit.
1.8.2 Vegetation Analysis:
Universityischaracterizedbyabotanicgardenqual-ity with diverse vegetation types. This also provide habit for small animals (TCLLA, 2011). In contrast, southGrattan street areadoesnot per-
form this landscape quality as campus. Vegetation diversity is limited along Grattan street and university square (most of them are deciduous trees), Where during the winter, place
1.8 Landscape and Open Space Analysis:
tend to become dull and monotonous. This area, then per-form weak ecological function. In lack of medium height vegetation cover, open
space (university square) seems empty and psychologically unprotected. Multiplelandscapedcorridorsgivescampusastrong
identity, while most small laneways at south blocks do not possess any vegetation, which discourage usage and feel unwelcoming.12
Night lighting not only reflect the street amenity and safety at night, it is also an indicator of night activities. Fromthemap,westpartofcampus,ElisabethMurdochand
the Ian Potter museum and most secondary laneway at south Carl-ton do not have proper lighting, which makes place unsafe. BothGrattanstreetsouthandnorthcampuspossessreason-
able amount of effect lighting which has positive effect on night life. However, the color of effect lighting is similar to normal street light-ing. CampusandGrattan streetaswell as the southblockhave
different light style, this lead to incoherent identity between south campus and main campus.
1.8.4 Materiality
With thewhole studyarea,manypedestrianprioritized street,such as gate 10, use asphalt as pavement material which seems pedes-trian un friendly. Universityischaracterizedwithitsyellowbrickasitmainsurface
pavement material. On the contrary, asphalt(main street) and blue stone(small lane ways) are most used at Grattan street south. Ingeneral,thepavementcontinuityandconsistenceisrequired
in order to achieve a more coherent identity between town and gown.
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
BEFORE
Effect lighting
Very bright area
Bright area
Dark area
Very dark area
Asphalt
Grassland
Blue stone Paving
University Grey Brick Paving
others (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
1.8.3 Lighting
13
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
50m
Base
Visual Experience: Entrance Scale of Place: Monumental scaleAudience: Automobile/ Pedestrian Landscape: Deciduous Topography: Flat
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Intimate Space Audience: PedestrianLandscape: EvergreenTopography: Medium slope
Visual Experience: CulminationScale of Place: Open SpaceAudience: PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous/ EvergreenTopography: Flat
Visual Experience: Culmilation Scale of Place: lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience:Entrance?? Scale of Place: Lack of human scale Audience:Traffic / PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous Topography: Gentle slope
Spatial Experience Analysis
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
50m
Base
Visual Experience: Entrance Scale of Place: Monumental scaleAudience: Automobile/ Pedestrian Landscape: Deciduous Topography: Flat
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Intimate Space Audience: PedestrianLandscape: EvergreenTopography: Medium slope
Visual Experience: CulminationScale of Place: Open SpaceAudience: PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous/ EvergreenTopography: Flat
Visual Experience: Culmilation Scale of Place: lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience:Entrance?? Scale of Place: Lack of human scale Audience:Traffic / PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous Topography: Gentle slope
Spatial Experience Analysis
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
50m
Base
Visual Experience: Entrance Scale of Place: Monumental scaleAudience: Automobile/ Pedestrian Landscape: Deciduous Topography: Flat
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Intimate Space Audience: PedestrianLandscape: EvergreenTopography: Medium slope
Visual Experience: CulminationScale of Place: Open SpaceAudience: PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous/ EvergreenTopography: Flat
Visual Experience: Culmilation Scale of Place: lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience:Entrance?? Scale of Place: Lack of human scale Audience:Traffic / PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous Topography: Gentle slope
Spatial Experience Analysis
50m
Base
Visual Experience: Entrance Scale of Place: Monumental scaleAudience: Automobile/ Pedestrian Landscape: Deciduous Topography: Flat
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Intimate Space Audience: PedestrianLandscape: EvergreenTopography: Medium slope
Visual Experience: CulminationScale of Place: Open SpaceAudience: PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous/ EvergreenTopography: Flat
Visual Experience: Culmilation Scale of Place: lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience: Anticipation Scale of Place: Lack of human scaleAudience: PedestrianLandscape: DeciduousTopography: Gentle slope
Visual Experience:Entrance?? Scale of Place: Lack of human scale Audience:Traffic / PedestrianLandscape: Deciduous Topography: Gentle slope
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie Shelton
Group 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
Spatial Experience AnalysisThis session combines both Kevin Lynch(Lynch,
1984) and Gordon Cullen's(Carmona, 2010) Methods examine the spatial experience across the university square and south lawn transect. The transect is selected as one key illustration helping understand the relationship between town and gown.
From the analysis the key issues are: Thenorth-southtransectcontainsverydy-
namic spatial experience, however the change of experience is too dramatic, which weakens the relationship between campus and south area. North part of transect maintains diverse
and dense vegetations with various heights, whereas at university deciduous plants occupies most area. Strongsenseofentrancecouldbesensed
at the north part, while there no sense of entering at south. In fact the sense of entrance also segre-gate the university with south suburbs to some degree. The stairs (in front of johnmedley) gives
dramatic visual changes for audience. But limit-ed topographic change can be found at south, which makes university square empty. Southlawniswellsurroundedbyanum-
ber of medium height buildings with multiple narrow routes connecting open space. Whereas university is surround by very low buildings with few wide streets connecting the open space. In general, north part facilitate activities
and interactions while maintain strong locality. The south part, university square, in reverse, trans-mits a empty feeling and have dispersal effect on activities.
1.8.5 Spatial Experience Analysis
14
A. Shifting Melbourne into a polycentric city, connecting Parkville to the polycentric Melbourne
02. Development Strategies:
Town & Gown
B. Filling city-wide traffic gap
C. Making more reliable public transport, reinforce precincts as a important trans-port node
D. Enriching and activating inter pedestrian and cycling links
E. Diversifying functional use
F. Activating a 24 hour city/campusG. Establishing a more enclosed, fine grain urban fabrics cooperated with soft edges
H. Creating a more pedestrian-friend-ly urban environment, enhancing streetscape vitality and robustness.
Identity
Movement
Function & Activity
Built Forms
15
The vision, shifting Melbourne into a polycentric city is based on the understanding of the role and character of each precinct within the city, as well as the current traffic is-sue in the city. The strategies underlying this vision are:•Reinforcetheidenticalcharacterofeachprecinct,mak-
ing stronger locality.•Increasethediversitywithinthecity.•Promoteurbanself-resilience.•Relievelandpressure.•Certainfunctionswillstillbemaintainedanddeveloped
to ensure the lively places(e.g. restaurants and retailers).• Allow people to access opportunity more efficiently
(through more fluid traffic flow).•Reinforce the connection(traffic, PT, cyclist andpedes-
trian) between precincts. Provide alternative transport routes to relieve the traffic pressure at CBD
03 Development Framework:
Docklands:Financial, insurance service and recreation
melton
werribee
sun shine
Epping
BroadmeadowsGreensborough
Ringwood
Camberwell
cau�eld
Dandenong
Frankston
Sydenham
Doncaster
airport
Footscray: Urban denci�cation and multiculture pricinct
Parkville/carlton:Education and health pricinct
CBDcentral pricinct
Southbank:Arts, recreation
ST. kilda:Business service
3.1 City-scale Vision: A Polycentric City
16
It has been demonstrated in several traffic analysis pa-pers, that significant improvements in railway, bus and tram speeds and reliability cannot be achieved with-out some impact on other road users. Rather than sin-gle way of solution, multi-model approach will be im-plemented. A package of traffic, transport, cycling and pedestrian strategies will be discussed in the interests of overall transport efficiency.
3.2.1 Traffic:
Proposal Addressing Large Scale Is-sue:
New east-west tunnel linking Eastern Free way, West-ern Ring Road & City Link (finished in phase 2, 2020)(Ed-dington, 2008)(EWLNA, 2008)(EWLNA, 2008): AimistofillthegapofMelbourne’sroadnetwork. Carrying 30,000-60,000 Vehicles per day: Sub-
stantial non-local traffic will be removed (include Grattan Street). Relievingcongestionintheinnercityandnorth-
ern suburb arterial routes.
3.2 Regional Access:
Phase 1:2012-2020
Phase 2:2020 +
Legends:New city wide distributor
District distributor
Local distributor
Collector (minor local road)
Grattan St
Givingopportunity to improvepublic transportpriority, reliability & street amenity on the surface. This ensures public transport will not be eroded by natural growth in traffic over time after the opening up of the tunnel.
Proposal Addressing Issue Gener-ated by University: Break down university superblock, opening
up Tin Alley to even up traffic along Grattan St. Inter-actions between university and public could thus be enhanced(Carmona, 2010). Encouragenon-local traffic accessalongBouv-
erie Street, Pelham Street, Morrah street & Gate House street to share the traffic load on Grattan street. These are intermediate solution which will be implemented during the first phase between 2012-2020. Lightertrafficallowspedestrianactivitiestothrive
along Grattan St. Opportunity to develop university’s window will be given(Jacobs,1961). Aftertheconstructionofnewlinkin2020,traffic
along these local street will not even disturb street ac-tivity at all. Further decreased traffic(60-70%) enhances street robustness along the Grattan street.
Predicted Traffic Reducation after the Construction of New Tunnel in 2021
17
Legends:New Train line (Caufield-Footscray)
New Train line (Doncaster-Suthern Cross)
Train line
Tram line
Bus line
Main Transport interchange point
New/enhanced interchange point
Royal Park
Parliament
Flinders St
Shrine of Remebrance
East Richmond
North Richmond
Colling Wood
Victoria Park
Clifton Hill
Flinders St
Flemington Bridge
New Market
FootscrayREB
REB
Melbourne Central
Southern Cross
North Melbourne
Melbourne Uni
Melbourne Uni
3.2.2 Public Transport
Proposals: Establishing two New CBD rail links between West Foot-
scray & Caulfield, Doncaster & CBD(EWLNA, 2008)(Edding-ton, 2008)(Public Transport Victoria, 2010). Provide direct access for commuters travelling be-
tween the eastern and western suburbs. Thekeyinterchangenodes,Collingwood,Melbourne
university, Footscray, Flinders street & Shrine of Remem-brance are set to feed existing travelling needs.
Italsohelpsmitigatetheeast-westtrafficcongestion. The introductionofnew train stationon southern
university square, within the Carlton and Parkville will be-come a new traffic hub (pedestrian), which provide base for activity to thrive and promote interactions.
Tram, Bus & Taxis: Moresignalpriorityfortramsandbusesatintersec-
tions. Builtbusonly lanesatGrattanstreet,princesstreet
,College Crescent and Cemetery road, ensuring the priority of public transportation. Workwith theDepartmentofTransport,VicRoads
and the Bus Association to improve bus frequency (401,402,546,205). Increase bus services tomeet late night travel de-
mand. Expand the times and days of NightRider services. This will enable and promote the street activation on pro-posed activities precincts (Public Transport Victoria, 2010). Managing taxi parking zones around activity
precincts(Public Transport Victoria, 2010).
Logic of Station Placement: By considering social, economic and physical factors, sta-
tion are decided to put at Pelham street with two outlets at each side of station. Atthecentreofurbanrenewalarea(southCarlton),
new railway link will greatly promote urban redevelop-ment (City of Melbourne, 2012). The station is set along Pelham street in-between
east (Swanston street) and west (Elizabeth street) tram & bus interchange nodes. The balanced placement feed pedestrian flow to
hospital, Lygon street, RGB, Melbourne Museum, Victoria market and Melbourne university. Thistrainstationlocationisaimtoincreasethesur-
rounding land value, where the potential is higher at south Carlton than Melbourne university and royal hospital site (’rent-gap theory’) (Smith, 1986). Theplacementof station selectionaims to reduce
overall travelling distance between east and west, and re-duce construction cost among the city. Thedepthofbuilding foundation (throughmeas-
uring building height) and the possible places that two railway route could meet together were also been consid-ered. The high population flow (train station) + public
open space will work together to enhance street life on university’s window.18
3.3.1 Cycling Network:
A step further contribute to the inclusiveness of university campus could be achieved through a new bicycle network, the key proposals include:
Larger Scale:•Moreroutesconnectinginnersuburbs.•Morebicyclepriorityroutes&economyroutestoensure
cycling safety.•Abetterconnectednetworkpromotingcyclistaccessing
to university. Reducingroadpressurecausedbyvehicletrafficand
rising chance for street activation.•Providemorebike sharingandparking facilitiesalong
key routes.
Grattan Street Area: BicycleonlylanewillbeestablishedonGrattanstreet.•Enhancedirectnorth-south,east-westconnectionwith-
in blocks. This encourage bicyclists to riding through the uni-versity, even if they are the outsiders. This, then could con-tribute to a more inclusive campus.•Fewsecondarylanewaysforinformalcyclingpathscon-
necting university square brings life to small lanes at south Grattan street area.
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
500 m 500 m
Proposed bicycle lane
Proposed informal bicycle path
Existing bicycle lane
Existing informal bicycle path
Legends:
Existing crossing
Existing pathway
Internal pathway
Proposed crossing
Proposed pathway
Proposed internal pathway
Major/minor transport interchange point
Enriching Internal Cycling and Pedestrian Links
Proposals:Larger scale:• More routes connecting inner suburbs.• More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices.• More bike sharing and parking facilities along key routes.
Issues:University:1. Some paths are visually imper-meable, which undermines usage.2. Some areas within uni are disconnected with streets.
Gtrattan St south:3. Most small laneways are underused with low level of physical permeability.4. Roof top space is underused.
Grattan street area:• Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus, contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area.• Connect transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic & public buildings.• Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction and intermediated markers).• Encourage deformed grid in laneways to relate topologi-cal features and enrich spatial experience.• Few secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to small lanes.• Create a seconday roof top landscape as a tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.
Roof top semipublic space
Roof top connections
External access point (Roof garden)
Cyclist Network
Cyclist Network
Pedestria Network
Intensive Green Roof Network
PedestrianNetwork
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
500 m 500 m
Proposed bicycle lane
Proposed informal bicycle path
Existing bicycle lane
Existing informal bicycle path
Legends:
Existing crossing
Existing pathway
Internal pathway
Proposed crossing
Proposed pathway
Proposed internal pathway
Major/minor transport interchange point
Enriching Internal Cycling and Pedestrian Links
Proposals:Larger scale:• More routes connecting inner suburbs.• More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices.• More bike sharing and parking facilities along key routes.
Issues:University:1. Some paths are visually imper-meable, which undermines usage.2. Some areas within uni are disconnected with streets.
Gtrattan St south:3. Most small laneways are underused with low level of physical permeability.4. Roof top space is underused.
Grattan street area:• Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus, contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area.• Connect transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic & public buildings.• Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction and intermediated markers).• Encourage deformed grid in laneways to relate topologi-cal features and enrich spatial experience.• Few secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to small lanes.• Create a seconday roof top landscape as a tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.
Roof top semipublic space
Roof top connections
External access point (Roof garden)
Cyclist Network
Cyclist Network
Pedestria Network
Intensive Green Roof Network
PedestrianNetwork
3.3 Local Access
Proposed bicycle lane
Proposed informal bicycle path
Existing bicycle lane
Existing informal bicycle path
Major/minor transport interchange point
19
3.3.2 Pedestrians Network:
The strategy is to establish a more permeable, legible pe-destrian network enhance connection between town and gown. Grattanstreet,gate10entrance,Wilsonave,Leicester
street(phase 1, 2012-2020), pelham street, Medical road(the extension at exiting medical building site)(phase 2, 2020) will be major pedestrian prioritized routes. Barry street will be-come fully pedestrianized street and be integrated as a part of university square during phase 2. Vitalizedirect internalconnectionsatbothsouthern
area and university campus. Majorpublictransportnodeswillbebetterconnected
with pedestrian paths. Incooperatemajorhistoricbuildingsandgreatpublic
buildings. Publicspace&activitiesprecinctswillbebettercon-
nected. Increasepermeabilityofsmalllaneways(developmore
‘X’ junctions). this enables choices to be sensed(Carmona, 2010). Usingsome‘C’shapeminoraccesswithintheblock
to maintain certain permeability of finest laneways(Carmona, 2010). Encouragedeformedgridinlocalaccesses:itenhanc-
es the topological features(nature locality) of the site and cir-culation variability(Marshall, 2005). localaccessescouldvaryinwidththrough:(a)Adding
& connecting small intermediate open spaces; (b)increasing the path way width at turning point & entrance(awareness of choice)(Bentley, 1985). Addintermediatemarkersatthe‘T’junctionsinlocal
accesses to enhance visual legibility(Bentley, 1985). Combiningthegridstructure(‘X’junction)withtribu-
tary structures(cul-de-sac), maintain the relative connectivity and relative complexity(Marshall, 2005).
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie SheltonGroup 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
500 m 500 m
Proposed bicycle lane
Proposed informal bicycle path
Existing bicycle lane
Existing informal bicycle path
Legends:
Existing crossing
Existing pathway
Internal pathway
Proposed crossing
Proposed pathway
Proposed internal pathway
Major/minor transport interchange point
Enriching Internal Cycling and Pedestrian Links
Proposals:Larger scale:• More routes connecting inner suburbs.• More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices.• More bike sharing and parking facilities along key routes.
Issues:University:1. Some paths are visually imper-meable, which undermines usage.2. Some areas within uni are disconnected with streets.
Gtrattan St south:3. Most small laneways are underused with low level of physical permeability.4. Roof top space is underused.
Grattan street area:• Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus, contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area.• Connect transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic & public buildings.• Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction and intermediated markers).• Encourage deformed grid in laneways to relate topologi-cal features and enrich spatial experience.• Few secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to small lanes.• Create a seconday roof top landscape as a tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.
Roof top semipublic space
Roof top connections
External access point (Roof garden)
Cyclist Network
Cyclist Network
Pedestria Network
Intensive Green Roof Network
PedestrianNetwork
Proposed bicycle lane
Proposed informal bicycle path
Existing bicycle lane
Existing informal bicycle path
Legends:
Existing crossing
Existing pathway
Internal pathway
Proposed crossing
Proposed pathway
Proposed internal pathway
Major/minor transport interchange point
Enriching Internal Cycling and Pedestrian Links
Proposals:Larger scale:• More routes connecting inner suburbs.• More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices.• More bike sharing and parking facilities along key routes.
Issues:University:1. Some paths are visually imper-meable, which undermines usage.2. Some areas within uni are disconnected with streets.
Gtrattan St south:3. Most small laneways are underused with low level of physical permeability.4. Roof top space is underused.
Grattan street area:• Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus, contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area.• Connect transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic & public buildings.• Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction and intermediated markers).• Encourage deformed grid in laneways to relate topologi-cal features and enrich spatial experience.• Few secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to small lanes.• Create a seconday roof top landscape as a tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.
Roof top semipublic space
Roof top connections
External access point (Roof garden)
Cyclist Network
Cyclist Network
Pedestria Network
Intensive Green Roof Network
PedestrianNetwork
Existing crossing
Existing pathway
Internal pathway
Proposed crossing
Proposed pathway
Proposed internal pathway
Major/minor transport interchange point20
3.4 Activities:
The strategy is to take the advantage of existing activities precincts and places with activities potentials extending and linking them together forming a activity network. Major fo-cus will be located on central north-south transect and Grat-tan street. Grattanstreetwillbecomeanewactivityspinecon-
nect existing activity precincts at royal Melbourne hospital, Swanston street intersection and Lygon street. Taking advantage of pedestrian prioritized north-
south routes activating southwest part of campus, (current medical building site) and middle part (current infrastructure engineering site) linking them to Grattan street and south routes. University squarewill be developed as new activity
core linking its surrounding blocks as well as main campus. Afewnumberofsmall lanewaywillbeactivatedas
the intermediate nodes connecting main activity spines. ActivitiesalongPelhamstreetwillbebusinessorient-
ed which at the same time acting as lateral route connect major green spaces.
Gated activity precinct
Enhanced existing activity precinct
New activity spine
21
3.5 Functional Use:
Because the role of south Grattan street area is acting as an extension of university, and more importantly, as an medium in-tegrating university and suburbs, simply shifting university func-tion to the south campus is not encouraged. Previous analysis has been proved that many university buildings at south Grattan street actually suppress street life.
Due to the specific role of south precinct, we suggest to add-ing more active university buildings to the south campus. E,g, music, architecture and design, ecology and university owned museum. The facilities which possess very frequent exhibitions and performances, not only building stronger interaction with general public but also enlighten beings. This essentially, fits the role of university as well.
Diversifying the function mix, especially along Grattan street and university square, thereby providing a more vibrant environ-ment for people from different background to interact.
More active small units can be added at the ground level of those large buildings, such as economics, law building, Giblin Eunson library & Melbourne business school. The vertical func-tions of the existing building should also be diversified and mixed.
If possible situate passive units at the back with only entrance facing street. For banks and office which must be located along the street, the street frontage width should be restricted to avoid ‘void space’. Danish cities have passed building codes to restrict the establishment of banks and offices at street level. whose street frontage of building are limited within 5 meters(Gehl, 2006).
Arrange and concentrate active units (e.g. news paper, kiosks, sideway cafe, photography exhibits, theatre, clothing store) along key pedestrian prioritized routes, Wilson ave, Grattan street, Barry street Leicester street and Pelham street. Making those activities precincts into activities spines and a continuous network. Locate passive units along the traffic oriented route such as Bouverie street.
Remove the ID card access for certain university buildings to encourage public access(e.g. libraries, public lecture theater, in-ternal gardens and roof gardens). Extending opening hour, so that university facilities could better facilitate students and gen-eral public use.
Health/medical
Education
University general
Business
residential
Public park
mixed
Others: car parking, uniton,
factory, construction site,
undefined areas.
22
Further subdivide block size: ‘The main cause for small blocks and a dense pattern can be primarily economic, it is this very same reason which has created the intimate char-acter of a highly urban environment. Such an environment is the basis of urban culture, of intense social cultural and economic exchange Whereas, larger block compete with street and internalize public life (university) (Krier 1990: 198).’ Within the study area, the major modification areas are exist-ing medical building site, infrastructure engineering build-ing, west Berkeley street area, where the existing block will be broken down and subdivided, and the LANEWAYS will be widened which will function as pedestrian STREET.
Vary the block size: Allow and encourage block size to be different. Rather than a single repeated block size, a range of block size(include small blocks) will encourage and facilitate greater diversity of building types and land uses (Carmona, 2010).
Maintain some large blocks: Larger blocks can be more efficient in terms of distribute built form and open space, be-cause there is less circulation space. This could give way to vital development site, such as important buildings, histori-cal buildings and major open spaces(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). However more internal entrances and direct access should be provided to maintain physical permeability.
Arrange more small units along the street: situated large units behind or above the small units along the facades to increase ground level street robustness.
Keep newly added buildings facades facing university square with warm colour: Warm color seems to advance, a space surrounded by facades in warm color will tend to feel smaller. Secondly, warm colour makes space more psycho-logically energetic and active.
N.B. All suggested modification area is based on the study of buildings heritage and potential development site (Jack-son,2008)(City of Melbourne, 2010)(City of Melbourne, 2012).
3.5 Urban Fabrics 3.5.1 Block Size and Grain Size
Proposed new building
Existing building
3.5.2 Building Height
The strategies: With the intention of accommodate future popula-
tion growth and making closure, buildings height on aver-age will be increase to 6-10 floors. Thebuildingheightandstreetwidthratiowillbekept
at around 1:1. However, because most new building will have only first 4 or 5 floors constructed along the street, with
the setback of higher part, sense of ‘outside’ and solar pen-etration will be maintained. Allexistingheritageterracehousewillbemaintained
at south Grattan street area with the new high building sit-ing behind. Freestandingtallbuildingwillbeavoided.Windbreak
will be installed on existing ones with more trees surrounded to reduce strong downward wind.
23
3.6 Building Interfaces:
The key concept is to establish a more intimate streetscape for pedestrians: Newbuildinginterfacewillbeintegratedwith
transitional space to blurring the boundary between public and private. This includes direct opacity, small landscaping, informal human scale edges (e.g. half shade, colonnades, which allowing sitting and back supporting)(Gehl, 2006). Higherstaircasesarerestricted,whichcould
act as physical and psychological barriers for outsid-ers. Addmore direct opacity on the secondary
laneways. For instance some restaurants could have two opening both facing main street and laneways. If possible, managing vegetation to cover blank walls. Arrange more active frontages along pe-
destrian prioritized street [Grattan street, gate 10 entrance, Wilson ave, Leicester street (phase 1), Pel-ham street, the new south extension part of Medical rod (phase 2)] and pedestrianized street [Barry street (phase 2)].
Active soft edge
Passive soft edge
Hard edge
24
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Effect lighting
Very bright area
Existing formal sitting space
Proposed formal sitting space
Bright area
Dark area
Very dark area
3.7.1 Sitting, Lighting & infrastructures:
Sitting: Providemorephysicallycomfortableandpsychologi-
cally protected (formal and informal)sitting space. Provide sit-ting space with different level of privacy to accommodate different preference such as gender (Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Seatscouldbedesignedtoallowsittingonbothside,
facing street or back to street(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Arrangemorereloadablesittingspacegivingstrong
local control(Gehl, 2006). More sitting space should be arranged to facilitate
group interaction(L or C shape), while consideration should also be given for singles(Bentley, 1985). Informalsittingspacecouldalsosetwithwholerange
of heights to enrich users experience(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Arrangesomesitswithbackrest,makingaplaceuse-
able for everyone(Larice & Macdonald, 2007).Lighting: lanewaysingeneralshouldbebetterilluminated. Adding more effect lighting along the street and
open space to enhance the spatial character at night. The colour of effect lighting should be more distinctive from nor-mal lighting. Addingmorewarmandfriendlylight(Larice&Mac-
donald, 2007).
General: Whereverpossible,integrateandcombineelements
into a single unit. For instance, making flat surface do double duty as seat and table (Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Considerstreetfurnitureasafamilyofitems,inkeep-
ing the quality of environment and assisting in the unifica-tion of the urban area to provide a coherent sense of identity (Larice & Macdonald, 2007).
3.7 Open Space Activation:
25
Asphalt
Grassland
Blue stone Paving
University Grey Brick Paving
others (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
Major modification zone
3.7.2: Surface Material
Replacingcurrentasphaltpedestriansandcyclistspaving materials at existing streets. The material should be in constant with most used existing ones.
Extendingfootpathatmajorpedestrianprioritizedstreets.
Usedistinctivepedestrianfriendlymaterialforthecrossing paving to slow down the traffic and indicate the priority of pedestrians.
AtBarrystreet,Kernotroad,andpedestrianpathsat university square, change asphalt pavement to uni-versity yellow brick forming a continuous pedestrian sys-tem linking town and gown.
At Traffic Intersections along pedestrian prior-itized routes, use university bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the traffic and increase the priority of pe-destrians.
Replacingasphaltpavementtopedestrianfriend-ly pavement, university yellow brick or blue stone at laneways.
The existing blue stone pavement material atlaneways will be maintained. For the laneways which will be shared by both bicycle and pedestrians, pave-ment should be polished for easy access.
Through carving, surface paving could also addatristic value, thereby giving stronger local character.
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the foot-path
Issues:Connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfortable for pe-destrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only
Tra�c IntersectionIssues:This is major problematic tra�c intersection where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestri-ans
Grattan Street
Laneways
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
University Square and Pelham StreetIssues:The space is car park or car dominated and not e�-ciently used.
Strategies:Using pedestrian-friendly paving to increase the prior-ity of pedestrians and cyclists. Using vegetation to create a better walking/cycling environment. Linking to the future pedestrian dominated Plaza.
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Asphalt Concret Blue stones Vegetation Blue stones
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the foot-path
Issues:Connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfortable for pe-destrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only
Tra�c IntersectionIssues:This is major problematic tra�c intersection where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestri-ans
Grattan Street
Laneways
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
University Square and Pelham StreetIssues:The space is car park or car dominated and not e�-ciently used.
Strategies:Using pedestrian-friendly paving to increase the prior-ity of pedestrians and cyclists. Using vegetation to create a better walking/cycling environment. Linking to the future pedestrian dominated Plaza.
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Asphalt Concret Blue stones Vegetation Blue stones
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the foot-path
Issues:Connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfortable for pe-destrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only
Tra�c IntersectionIssues:This is major problematic tra�c intersection where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestri-ans
Grattan Street
Laneways
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
University Square and Pelham StreetIssues:The space is car park or car dominated and not e�-ciently used.
Strategies:Using pedestrian-friendly paving to increase the prior-ity of pedestrians and cyclists. Using vegetation to create a better walking/cycling environment. Linking to the future pedestrian dominated Plaza.
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Asphalt Concret Blue stones Vegetation Blue stones
26
3.7.3: Landscape and Vegetation:
Increase vegetation diversity along the universitysquare and south blocks. Arrangegroundcoverandmediumheight vegeta-
tions along pedestrian prioritized street to create a buffer for pedestrian, while offering certain ecological function (e.g. animal movement) at the same time(Larice & Macdonald, 2007). Removingeleganceandabsoluteclarityofspace.In-
crease medium height vegetation cover to delineate the pe-destrian routes at university square thus enhance the sense of progression. However extensive grassland will still be largely maintained to accommodate various social activities. Addmorehighvegetationsalongsidethemajoruni-
versity square entrance, so the visitors will not be able to see exit directly while they enter the square. This give space strong locality and encourage people to lingering(Sitte, 1889). Plant more trees and vegetations along the small
laneways and major pedestrianized street to encourage pe-destrian access(Bentley, 1985) . Maintain1888buildinggardenasaspacewithtran-
quil landscape quality linking Lincoln square though vege-tated laneways.
Secondary Roof Top Green Network. Establish Bouverie street and Berkeley street as car
and pedestrian shared streets maintaing boulevard quality. Establishing the roof-top semi public green network. These places will be vegetation oriented providing a quiet and eco-logical space as alternatives for pedestrians after university become fully activated. At the semi public secondary roof top (above po-
dium), shrubs and small trees will be vegetated (intensive green roof). The inter-building links and external accesses are provided to encourage public access and act a alterna-tive way connecting town and gown. Extensivegreenroofwillbeinstalledatverytopofthe
buildings, where places are fully privatized and less accessi-ble.
Roof top semipublic space
Roof top connections
External access point (Roof garden)
Urban Precinct Studio ABPL 30052
Course Coordinator: Barrie Shelton
Group 9 Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu (Aland)
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
University Grey Brick Paving
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Issues:Well connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfort-able for pedestrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cy-clists only
Tra�c Intersection Issues:This is major problematic tra�c intersec-tion where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestrians
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
Objective 3 Creating more attractive, fuid, safer streets
Grattan Street
West-east Laneways
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
University Grey Brick Paving
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Issues:Well connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfort-able for pedestrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cy-clists only
Tra�c Intersection Issues:This is major problematic tra�c intersec-tion where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestrians
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
Objective 3 Creating more attractive, fuid, safer streets
Grattan Street
West-east Laneways
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
University Grey Brick Paving
Issues:The pedestrians and cyclists not only share the path but also use the same material.
Strategies:1. Change di�erent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Issues:Well connect east and west physically, but not visually accessible and comfort-able for pedestrians and cyclists
Strategies:1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cy-clists only
Tra�c Intersection Issues:This is major problematic tra�c intersec-tion where pedestrians , cylcists and cars meet each other. It is unsafe and not �uid.
Strategies:Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the tra�c and increase the priority of pedestrians
Asphalt Asphalt Asphalt University Grey Bricks Asphalt University Grey Bricks
Concret Paving Stones Concret Paving Uni Grey Bricks Vegetation Uni Grey Bricks
Objective 3 Creating more attractive, fuid, safer streets
Grattan Street
West-east Laneways
1. Change dierent paving materials for pedestrians and cyclists2. Remove the street car parks and extend the footpath
Use uni grey bricks for the crossing paving to slow down the trac and increase the priority of pedestrians
1.Pedestrian paving-Use uni grey bricks2. Permanant Street sign-Pedestrian& cyclists only
Making Intimate, Human Scale EnvironmentBEFORE
Asphalt
Green Space
Concrete Paving
University Grey Brick Paving
Proposed changing streets
Other Materials (Sandpatch, stones, concrete bricks)
Existing Street Furniture Grass cover
Shrubs cover
Tree cover
Tree cover (small)
Modification area
Proposed Sitting Areasture
Proposed Bicycle StationstureProposed other Street Furni-tures (Bins, Drinking Water)ture
1. Increase vegetation diversity along the university square.
2 Increase medium height vege-tastion cover makes square psy-chologically protected. enhance the sense of progression.
3 Plant more trees and vegeta-tions along the small laneways and major pedestrianzed street.
Objective 4
Creating a more stationary, Sitting in the Sun
Sitting in the ShadeSitting Alone
Sitting in Groups
Sitting Up Front
1 More Socially Comfortable Sitting
2 Physically Comfortable Sitting & Visually Attractive Seats
ISSUES:There are not enough sittings in the public space, especially when the proposed pedestrian networks and builtform are introduced.Presently, only a few options of sit-tings ; sitting environment and furni-tures are uncomfortable either.Not enough basic facilities for pedes-trian to use.No vital street lighting in the univer-sity square to facilitate the night ac-tivities
3 Bike Shelters and Other Basic Facilities
4 Pedestrian-friendly Street lightings
Benches with backrests or well-contoured chairs can make the people feel more comfortable.Use colourful or innovative sittting to attract pedestrians.
Drinking water, bins and bike shelters can be placed close to each other where the major ac-tivities occur the most (Square, laneways etc.)
Use colourful or bright lighting to create a hub-like enviornment and facilitate the night activityUse lighting to lead pedestriansLighting should be used along the laneways (safety isses)
Existing Street Furniture
Proposed Sitting Areas
Proposed Bicycle Stations
Proposed other Street Furnitures(Bins, Drinking Water)
Objective 4
Creating a more stationary, Sitting in the Sun
Sitting in the ShadeSitting Alone
Sitting in Groups
Sitting Up Front
1 More Socially Comfortable Sitting
2 Physically Comfortable Sitting & Visually Attractive Seats
ISSUES:There are not enough sittings in the public space, especially when the proposed pedestrian networks and builtform are introduced.Presently, only a few options of sit-tings ; sitting environment and furni-tures are uncomfortable either.Not enough basic facilities for pedes-trian to use.No vital street lighting in the univer-sity square to facilitate the night ac-tivities
3 Bike Shelters and Other Basic Facilities
4 Pedestrian-friendly Street lightings
Benches with backrests or well-contoured chairs can make the people feel more comfortable.Use colourful or innovative sittting to attract pedestrians.
Drinking water, bins and bike shelters can be placed close to each other where the major ac-tivities occur the most (Square, laneways etc.)
Use colourful or bright lighting to create a hub-like enviornment and facilitate the night activityUse lighting to lead pedestriansLighting should be used along the laneways (safety isses)
Existing Street Furniture
Proposed Sitting Areas
Proposed Bicycle Stations
Proposed other Street Furnitures(Bins, Drinking Water)
Objective 4
Creating a more stationary, Sitting in the Sun
Sitting in the ShadeSitting Alone
Sitting in Groups
Sitting Up Front
1 More Socially Comfortable Sitting
2 Physically Comfortable Sitting & Visually Attractive Seats
ISSUES:There are not enough sittings in the public space, especially when the proposed pedestrian networks and builtform are introduced.Presently, only a few options of sit-tings ; sitting environment and furni-tures are uncomfortable either.Not enough basic facilities for pedes-trian to use.No vital street lighting in the univer-sity square to facilitate the night ac-tivities
3 Bike Shelters and Other Basic Facilities
4 Pedestrian-friendly Street lightings
Benches with backrests or well-contoured chairs can make the people feel more comfortable.Use colourful or innovative sittting to attract pedestrians.
Drinking water, bins and bike shelters can be placed close to each other where the major ac-tivities occur the most (Square, laneways etc.)
Use colourful or bright lighting to create a hub-like enviornment and facilitate the night activityUse lighting to lead pedestriansLighting should be used along the laneways (safety isses)
Existing Street Furniture
Proposed Sitting Areas
Proposed Bicycle Stations
Proposed other Street Furnitures(Bins, Drinking Water)
27
04 Deliverary:
In this session the vision of framework will be illustrated with five parts where most modifications occur. They are namely: university square associated with new train station, Grattan street, section of new medical building site, lane-ways and Pelham street.
4.1 University Square
1 Added accesses linking university square2 New path among the university square feeds the pe-
destrian circulation pattern (material yellow brick)3 Ramps connecting square and streets4 Fully pedestrianized Barry street (yellow brick) as an
integrated part of university square with extended grassland.5 New building situated at the top of heritage terrace
house6 Public toilet 7 Shaded sitting space for study, rest and interactions.8 Sitting space facing the street.9 Seats arrangement accommodates communication.10 Grassland for group social activity.11 Topographic changes enrich spatial experience (sunk-
en/elevated space: 1.5m below/above ground).12 Enlarged pavement opening in order to integrated
university square to the surrounding streets.13 Maintained existing trees.14 Added vegetations along the street making enclosure
of space.15 Occasional truck parking point, facilitate large events
Train Station:1 New building with green roof top network.2 Inner block access connecting train station.3 New station outlet4 Sideway cafe5 Modified bus stop(401) along Leicester street.6 Vegetated pedestrian path linking transport nodes at
Swanston street and Elisabeth street.7 bicycle parking facility.8 Pedestrian friendly crossing pavement9 Parking10 Bicycle lane11 Car lane
UNIVERSITY SQUAREACTIVITY
GRATTAN STREET
= BENCH
= TRAIN STATION EXIT
= TREE
LEGEND
= ROAD
BICYCLE PARKING
BUSSTOP
TO UNIVERSITY
SQUARE
TO MELBOURNEUNIVERSITY
NORTH
TO LINCOLNSQUARE
GRATTAN STREET
GRATTAN STREET
GRATTAN STREET
GRATTAN STREET
Leicester Street:Public Transport-Pedestrian Priority
Station Exit Square: A Transportation &
Activity Node
Transportation facilities are concentrated within the square, whilst activity along the edges ensures eyes on the street (and com-muter safety) throughout the day.
To maintain safe pedestrian movement to and from the larger University Square.
Barry street
The Lawn
Pedestrian friendly material
1
1
1
1
2
4
3
56
7
8
9
1
2
3
5
6
9
7
8
4
11
13
1214
15
10
1011
28
5m 10m 20m
5m 10m 20m
`
Pelham Grattan
v
10
10
Laneways
4.2 Grattan Street (phase 2):
1 Widened Foot Paths for anticipated pedestrian vol-ume, by closing off one automobile
2 Cyclist Protection from Cars by making parking as a buffer zone
3 Raised pedestrian pavement path to act as traffic calm-ing speed hump.
4 Embedded bus stop accommodating a safer access5 Pedestrianized Barry street allowing better connec-
tion university.6 Sideway cafe7 Street sitting place
4.3 Section of New Medical Building Site:
1 Active frontage and university general service at ground level
2 Lecture theater3 Tutorial and study zone4 Staff office5 Green roof top pedestrian system6 Increased porosity for pedestrian flow and adherence7 Vertical setback for solar access
34
7
1
11
2
2
3
3
3
4
5
7
6
4
4 4
62
29
5m 10m 20m
5m 10m 20m
`
Pelham Grattan
v
10
10
Laneways
4.4 laneway Section:
1 Widened laneway allows supplies for small business-es
2 Internal restaurant opening accommodate street seat-ing and eating.
3 Office zone4 Apartment.5 Vertical setbacks for solar access.6 Increased laneway lighting 7 Green roof top pedestrian system
4.5 Pelham Street (phase 2)
1 Increased building height giving stronger sense of closure
2 Remove one traffic lane on each side3 New cyclist path4 Extended green wedge5 Sideways6 Active frontages7 Business, office area8 Apartment
1
1
2 3 45 66
77
88
2
33
4
4
6
7
5
30
Based on the proposal of new city-wide traf-fic tunnel connecting east and west Melbourne; two new railways feeds city scale traveling need; better connected pedestrian and cycling networks, Grattan street will receive substantial traffic reduction by 2020. These then rise the chance of giving priorities for cyclists and pe-destrians along the Grattan street as well as its surrounding local streets. The placement of new train station not only feed the potential pedes-trian flow, but also brings more people into the south precincts. Huge potentials for south pre-cinct to develop as an new activity hub will be given. The streetscape activation strategies could be implemented along the Grattan street and university square, which connect the university main campus as well as its surrounding blocks. The secondary rooftop landscape network act as an alternatives provide a tranquil space for pedestrians, after university becoming fully acti-vated. Meanwhile, this system also connecting north and south blocks together. According to this overall strategy, by the time of phase 2, Grat-tan street and university will be fully transforming to university’s window, where town and gown could integrated as an entity.
05 Conclusion
31
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06 Reference List:
32