Grattan Street sits between the north and south precincts of the
University of Melbourne, demarcating two visibly different zones of
the University the Gown area, an enclosed compound with a strong
campus character and the Town area, a mixed-use zone more akin to
the city. The visual dominance of lateral elements along Grattan
Street, such as its promenade of trees, strengthens this divide.
Yet, as the University continues to grow, it is inevitable that it
will expand further into the Town. The divide must be breached to
ensure the University can maintain its identity beyond its historic
north campus boundary.
GRATTAN STREET:BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
The aim of this report is to provide: - ANALYSIS: of the
existing urban qualities of the precinct, along and surrounding
Grattan Street -
To establish an urban design framework of strategies that
address Grattan Streets divisive nature, and, -
FRAMEWORK:
To develop design concepts in accordance with the established
framework
DESIGN:
Ly-Jane Wong 378629
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
2
ANALYSIS MOVEMENT
1.1 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC NETWORKGrattan Street is a significant
east-west lateral connector in Parkville, with a traffic flow of
approximately 20,000 vehicles per day (RATIO, 2000). It is also
used as an emergency route to the Royal Melbourne Hospital. There
are several large impermeable areas in the district, namely the
Melbourne University campus superblock and the Royal Exhibition
Gardens. Their rigid boundaries segment the road system, so that
there is lack of lateral connectors between Royal Parade and
Alexandra Parade, the two arterial roads that service regional
traffic flows. Thus, heavy non-local traffic is forced into Grattan
Street. During peak hours, this can result in 10 to 20 minute
delays along just a stretch of approximately 550 meter (RATIO,
2000).
LEGENDDISTRICT DISTRIBUTOR LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR COLLECTOR (MINOR
LOCAL ROAD) GRATTAN STREET
DIAGRAM 1.1.1: VEHICULAR TRAFFIC NETWORK (EXISTING)
MAJOR TRAFFIC NODE
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
3
ANALYSIS MOVEMENTDIAGRAM 1.2.1: QUANTITY OF END LOCATIONS OF
UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNES TRAM AND BUS NETWORK (EXISTING)55
DIAGRAM 1.3.1: CYCLING NETWORK (EXISTING)
4 4
North North Melbourne Melbourne Station Station
Cyclist Network500 m
Pedestria Network45 4 00 m
MELBOURNE CENTRAL
MELBOURNE CENTRAL
LEGEND
8Stops/nodes Bus route
LEGENDIMPORTANCE
IMPORTANCE
Intensive Green Roof Network
8
TRAM route
Stops/nodes
#
No. of end locations
Bus route TRAM route
1.3 CYCLING NETWORKSimilarly, the current bicycle network is
disjointed with designated bicycle lanes only along the North-South
arterial roads. Along Grattan Street, cyclists share the northern
sidewalk with pedestrians. The lack of dedicated infrastructure for
cyclists makes accessibility both unsafe and inconvenient.
1.2 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NETWORK# No. of end locations
Melbourne University is serviced by a multi-modal public
transportation system, primarily by trams and buses, which connect
to further rail services. However, it is restricted by limited
East-West links. Radial North-West connections are plentiful with
13 different end locations, whilst only 8 East-West Proposed
bicycle lane connections exist (Public Transport Victoria,crossing
Existing 2012).
Legends:
Existing slowed Additionally, east-west connectors are often
pathway by traffic congestion, thus affecting efficient service
provision. Internal pathway Proposed crossing Proposed pathway
Proposed internal pathway Major/minor
Proposed informal bicycle path Existing bicycle lane Existing
informal bicycle path Roof top semipublic space Roof top
connections
1.4 PEDESTRIAN NETWORKSee: Building Footprint (p. 5)
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
4
ANALYSIS FORMDIAGRAM 2.1.1: PARKVILLE BUILT FORM (EXISTING)T
DIAGRAM 2.1.2: HIERARCHY OF THE ROAD NETWORK (EXISTING)
LEGENDARTERIAL ROADS LOCAL ROADS GLOCAL PATHS / INTERNAL
PATHWAYS
LEGEND
DIAGRAM 2.1.3: PEDESTRIAN NETWORK (EXISTING)
ARTERIAL ROADS LOCAL ROADS GLOCAL PATHS / INTERNAL PATHWAYS
2.1 BUILT FORM AND THE PEDESTRIAN NETWORKThe northern campus is
an insular structure, a mega block in itself with a boundary that
spans four vertical city blocks. Primarily a pedestrian zone, the
layout of the buildings does not adhere to the rigid logic of
vehicular roads, whereas the south conforms to Melbournes city
grid. Within the campus, pedestrians circulate through Pedestria
localCyclist streets and alleys, an unconstrained and conNetwork
Network tinuous network, whereas in the south, the network is
strongly influenced by the local roads 500 m block edgand 500 m es.
It is further constrained by the density and largeness of building
grain, which prevent both visual and physical permeability through
the block.
Intensive Green Roof Network
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
5
ANALYSIS FORM
DIAGRAM 2.2.1: EDGE QUALITY ALONG NORTH AND SOUTH PRECINCT
(EXISTING)
MEDICAL BUILDING
ABOVE: MEDICAL BUILDING - A LONG, MASSIVE BUILDING ALONG NORTH
CAMPUS EDGE; RIGHT: IMPERMEABLE FENCING
LEGENDHARD EDGE PASSIVE ACTIVE EDGE ACTIVE EDGE
IMPERMEABLE EDGE: FENCING
DIAGRAM 2.2.2: ENTRANCES NORTH AND SOUTH OF GRATTAN STREET
(EXISTING) LEGENDHARD EDGE PASSIVE ACTIVE EDGE ACTIVE EDGE
2.2 EDGES AND ENTRANCESEdges have a huge impact on pedestrian
experience. The north campus structure is bound by a perimeter of
hard edges. Along the north side of Grattan Street, long stretches
of fencing and lengthy, massive buildings create a
highly-impermeable edge. It is a continuous length of inactive
facades, pierced by only 4 entry ways into the campus. Whilst the
south side has a greater number of entrances, they are
predominantly private and thus, inconsequential to pedestrians.
Apart from several eateries with al-fresco seating, the edge is
mostly blank facades that contribute little to the streetscape.
Throughout the southern campus, there is a similar tendency. For
most people, in most places, the edge of the space is the space
(Bently et al, 1985, p.59). Without active frontages, pedestrians
have little to interact with and the street becomes a mere
circulatory path, instead of a space of activity (Gehl, 1987).
LEGENDPUBLIC ENTRANCE THROUGH BUILDING ENTRANCE PRIVATE
ENTRANCE
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
6
ANALYSIS FORM
Public Space AnalysisBEFOREMaterial distributionDIAGRAM 2.3.2:
URBAN FURNITURE (EXISTING)
DIAGRAM 2.3.1: SURFACE MATERIALS (EXISTING)
Street furniture: formal seats
DIAGRAM 2.3.3: VEGETATION COVERAGE (EXISTING)
Vegetation Cover
The north campus has a distinct brick pattern paving throughout
the campus, which contrasts sharply with the south, which is
covered in City of Melbourne-dicCurrent pedestrians, cyclist,
automobile traffice tated blue stone.
Issues
use same materials, diffrentiate paving materials to demarcate
university space.
Limited amount of sitting spaces are being provided at Medical
building &Grattan street south.
The north has more informal distribution of seating scattered
throughout the campus. Seating is limited and arranged more
formally in the south.
The north has a greater amount and variety of vegetative cover,
organically distributed across the space, whereas there is minimal
vegetation in the south. The pure decigious concentrated in
University and There, vegetation is tree at unisquare make Lincoln
empty and cold during elements along space feelSquare, whilst
trees, as linear cold seasidewalks, strengthen the edge of the
blocks.
sons.
Fixed chairs arranged in open spaces(e.g. Traffic Calming to
slow down traffic and in2.3 SMALL-SCALE FEATURES: university
square) are awkward. Rigid cold creasing the
pedestriansMATERIALITY, URBAN FURNITURE & VEGETATION priority.
concrete sitting space undermins usage. Small-scale features, such
as material and vegetation, can define west connections Connect
lateral east and the sensory character of a space. Thus, the
sitting change Limited abrupt arrangement which facilitate from the
north to south side of Grattan Street accentuates the through
making routes visually accessible and interactions(e.g.little group
oriented sits) lack of a cohesive identity. comfortable for
pedestrians and cyclists.
Lack of medium height ground cover makes LEGEND university
psychologically unprotected. The sense of spatial progression is
weak. GREY BRICK PAVING UNIVERSITYCONCRETE PAVINGOTHERS are
plantLimited number and types of trees (SAND, ETC) ASPHALT ed at
grattan south. GREEN SPACE URBAN FURNITURE - SEATING
Group 9
Urban Precinct Studio
Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu
(Aland)
ABPL 30052 Course Coordinator: Barrie Shelton
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
7
ANALYSIS ACTIVITYDIAGRAM 3.1.1: PRECINCT FUNCTIONAL MIX
(EXISTING)
3.1 ACTIVITY & FUNCTIONAL MIXThe precinct consists
predominantly of medical and university buildings. According to
Jane Jacobs (1961), any primary useis by itself relatively
ineffectual as a creator of city diversity[unless it] is combined,
effectively, with another that puts people on the street at
different times (p.175). She addresses two parts of the existing
issue along Grattan Street: Firstly, the concentration of buildings
of singular use within the precincts core, without complementary
functions, limits the growth of diverse activity in the area.
Without such diversity or complementarity, it is difficult for
connections to form, as evidenced by minimal linkages across
Grattan Street. The result is scattered nodes of activity without
legible pathways that guide pedestrians towards them (Salingaros,
2005)
DIAGRAM 3.1.2: PRECINCT FUNCTIONAL MIX - MAIN ACTIVITY
(EXISTING)
DIAGRAM 3.1.2: APPLYING THE SALINGAROS NODELINKAGE THEORY -
DENSE CONNECTIONS WITHIN INDIVIDUAL PRECINCTS BUT FEW
INTER-PRECINCT LINKAGES THAT CROSS GRATTAN STREET
Secondly, university buildings are often closed at night and
thus, do not sustain activity beyond student hours. Without another
primary function in the area, activity in the evening is limited,
whilst people who service the area during the day are mainly
limited to regular users of the precinct, such as students and
medical workers.
LEGENDHealth/Medical:
DIAGRAM 3.1.3: VOLUME OF ACTIVITY AND TIME OF DAY (EXISTING)
RESIDENTIAL ACTIVITY PASSIVE RECREATION
Education: University general: Business : Residential : Public
park: Mixed: Others: car parking, uniton, factory, construction
site, unde ned areas.
NIGHT
DAY
EVENING
INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
(I.E. STUDENT CENTRES, ELDERLY CARE)
COMMERCIAL/RETAIL ACTIVITY ACTIVE RECREATION (I.E. GYMS)
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY SPACES (I.E. PUBLIC PARKS)
9am
6pm
500 mEXPERIENCING MICRO-CAFE CULTURE ATTENDING LECTURES RELAXING
IN THE SUN
LEFT: ACTIVITIES THAT OCCUR DURING THE DAY
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
8
FRAMEWORK
TRANSFORMING PARKVILLE INTO A KEY NODE IN A POLYCENTRIC
MELBOURNE
IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY
NURTURING A COHESIVE SENSE OF PLACEDIVERSIFYING FUNCTIONS AND
ADDING NEW ACTIVITIESENHANCING STREETSCAPE VITALITY
CREATING A MORE PEDESTRIANFRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
9
FRAMEWORK
MOVEMENTIMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITYTRANSFORMING
MOVEMENTDIAGRAM 1: LINKAGES BETWEEN MOVEMENT-FORM-ACTIVITY
STRATEGIES LEGEND - Diverting vehicular traffic to Tin
AlleyPARKVILLE INTOunderused streets (5.1a) and other A KEY -
Modifying Bouverie, Berkeley and PelhamNODE IN A for greater
circulation (5.1b) Streets FORM - Altering Grattan Streets form
(5.2) POLYCENTRIC ACTIVITY - Enhancing the cycling network (5.3)
MELBOURNE
CREATING A MORE PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT5.1a 5.2 5.1b 5.3
11.1- Diversifying the pedestrian network (6.2) PUBLIC TRANSPORT -
Introducing a Melbourne University train station (8.1)
ACCESSIBILITY - Activating exits as transport and activity hubs
(8.2)
NURTURING A COHESIVE SENSE OF PLACE
IMPROVING TRANSFORMING PARKVILLE INTO A KEY NODE IN A
POLYCENTRIC MELBOURNE
FORM8.1 6.2 8.2 7.2 6.1 9.1
CREATING A MORE PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT
CREATING A MORE PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT10.2 9.2
- Creating a more permeable built environment (6.1)
NURTURING A COHESIVE SENSE OF PLACE
- Creating cohesion with small-scale elements (11.1)
ACTIVITYENHANCING STREETSCAPE VITALITY7.1 10.1- Enhancing street
frontages (7.1) - Activating laneways (7.2) - Pedestrianising Barry
Street (9.1) - Improving University Squares spatial experience
(9.2)
DIVERSIFYING FUNCTIONS AND ADDING NEW ACTIVITIES
- Diversifying functional and activity mix (10.1) - Enhancing
flexible use of upper University Square (10.2)
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
10
DESIGN MOVEMENT FORM ACTIVITY
IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITYDIAGRAM 5.1.1: VEHICULAR
TRAFFIC NETWORK (PROPOSED)PHASE 2 (2020+)
5.1 DIVERTING VEHICULAR TRAFFICAccording to Melbournes transport
department, the new tunnel will link the Eastern Freeway, Western
Ring Road and Citylink. This new linkage will provide a more
convenient route for east-west connections for almost 30,000 to
60,000 vehicles per day. This will reduce Grattan Streets
importance as a distributor, so that by 2031, a 60% reduction of
non-local traffic is likely to occur (Department of Transport,
2008). Prior to those changes, the intermediary proposal to lighten
Grattan Streets traffic load involves opening up Tin Alley. This
punctures the north campus mega block structure and provides an
additional east-west connector across the precinct. It is also
suggested that traffic is directed along Bouverie, Berkeley and
Pelham Streets. In their current form, they are primarily slow, low
trafficked roads mainly used for parking (Diagram 5.1.2). For
safety reasons, midlane parking prevents cars from moving at higher
speeds. With modifications to their form, they can become more
significant to 20m 5m 10m the road network for circulation.5m 10m
20m
DIAGRAM 1.1: VEHICULAR TRAFFIC NETWORK (EXISTING)
-
5m
10m
20m
DIAGRAM 5.1.2: PELHAM STREET SECTION (EXISTING)PHASE 1 (2012 -
2020)LEGENDDISTRICT DISTRIBUTOR LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR COLLECTOR (MINOR
LOCAL ROAD) GRATTAN STREET MAJOR TRAFFIC NODE
5m
10m
20m
5m
5m
10m 5m 10m
20m 20m 20m 20m
10m
DIAGRAM 5.1.3: PELHAM STREET SECTION (PROPOSED)
`
5m
10m
5m
10m
20m
LEGENDNEW CITY-WIDE DISTRIBUTOR NEW LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR NEW
TRAFFIC NODE DISTRICT DISTRIBUTOR LOCAL DISTRIBUTOR COLLECTOR
(MINOR LOCAL ROAD) GRATTAN STREET MAJOR TRAFFIC NODE
Pelham
`
`
Pelham
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
11
DESIGN MOVEMENT FORM ACTIVITY
IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY
5.2 ALTERING GRATTAN STREETS FORMA lighter traffic load along
Grattan Street provides the opportunity to alter its form to
support greater integration of public transportation modes, such as
bicycle lanes and indented bus stops, as well as to widen and
activate pedestrian foot paths to create more active edges.20m
DIAGRAM 5.2.1: GRATTAN STREET (EXISTING)
5m
10m
DIAGRAM 5.2.2: GRATTAN STREET SECTION (EXISTING)
5m
10m
20m
5m
10m
20m
5m 5m 5m 10m 10m 20m 20m
10m
20m
DIAGRAM 5.2.3: GRATTAN STREET (PROPOSED)
DIAGRAM 5.2.4: GRATTAN STREET SECTION (PROPOSED)
5m ` 5m`
10m 10m
1 3 4 5 6STRATEGIESPelham
1
20m 20m
2
220m` `
3 4
8
5m
10m
7Grattan
5m
10m
20m
1 2
By closing off one automobile lane, footpaths are widened to
addressed the anticipated rise in pedestrian traffic Parked cars as
barriers that protect cyclists from traffic
3 4
Using paving as both a physical and psychological connection
between the existing North and South precincts Raising pedestrian
pavement path to act as traffic calming speed hump. Pedestrians are
king at the crossing.
5 6
Enhancing bus stops
7 8
Increasing curb radiuses to slow traffic entering Leicester
Street Widened footpaths allow for more places to linger and stay
on along the street edge`
Pedestrianizing Barry Street seals disjointed pedestrian
network
Pelham
Grattan
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
12
DESIGN MOVEMENT FORM ACTIVITYDIAGRAM 2.1.1: BUILDING FOOTPRINT
(EXISTING)
CREATING A MORE PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT0 100 m
0
100 m
DIAGRAM 6.1.1: BUILDING FOOTPRINT (PROPOSED)
DIAGRAM 6.1.2: NEW NORTH-SOUTH AXIS ACROSS GRATTAN STREET
6.1 CREATING A MORE PERMEABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENTBy strategically
arranging future building development, a network of laneways is
proposed to increase the east-west permeability of the city blocks
in the south. Changes along the Grattan Street facade of the north
campus are also proposed. The resultant new pathways and entrances
correlate with openings of the laneways in the south, thereby
allowing greater north-south permeability. This enhances the visual
connection of the two precincts and produces a sense of
continuity.
0
100 m
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
13
DESIGN MOVEMENT FORM ACTIVITYDIAGRAM 2.1.3: PEDESTRIAN NETWORK
(EXISTING)
CREATING A MORE PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENTDIAGRAM 6.2.1:
VOLUMETRIC PEDESTRIAN NETWORK WITH SECONDARY LEVEL GREENROOF
CIRCULATION SYSTEM (PROPOSED)
DESIGN MOVEMENT FORM ACTIVITY
IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY
DIAGRAM 1.3.1: CYCLING NETWORK (EXISTING)
Enriching Internal Cycling and Pedestrian Links
Enriching Internal Cycling Enriching Internal Cycling and
Pedestrian Links 5.3 ENHANCING THE CYCLING and Pedestrian
LinksNETWORKWith the proposed changes to Grattan Street, a more
continuous formal cycling network emergIssues: es. Laneways also
Gtrattan St south: the enhance University: 1. Some paths are
visually secondaryunderminesimper- 3. Most small laneways are
network of informal meable, which usage. underused with low level
of permeability. 2. paths.Some areas within uni are physicaltop
space is underused. 4. Roofdisconnected with streets.
Cyclist Network500 m
Pedestria Network500 m
Pedestria Network500 m
Issues:
University:
1. Some paths are visually imper- 3. Most small laneways are
meable, which undermines usage. underused with low level of 2. Some
areas within uni are physical permeability. 4. Roof top space is
underused. disconnected with streets.
Gtrattan St south:
Intensive Green Roof Network
DIAGRAM 5.3.1: CYCLING NETWORK (PROPOSED)Legends:Existing
crossing Existing pathway Internal pathway Proposed crossing
Proposed pathway Proposed internal pathway Major/minor transport
interchange point Proposed bicycle lane Proposed informal bicycle
path Existing bicycle lane Existing informal bicycle path Roof top
semipublic space Roof top connections External access point (Roof
garden)
Proposals:Larger scale: More routes connecting inner suburbs.
More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes
to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices. More bike sharing
and parking facilities along key routes.
Proposals:Larger scale:
e lane
6.2 DIVERSIFYING THE PEDESTIAN NETWORKThe laneways transform the
pedestrian network into one with more choice and variety - a form
similar to the organic, winding pathways of the north. The
entrances and exits Pedestrian open onto paths and nodal points
Network for ease of connectivity. A secondary green roof network is
also proposed as a way of offering a pedestrian-only circulation
system that spans both precincts. It is a public network,
accessible from ground level and through internal building links.
Again, this offers greater choice for movement, whilst also linking
existing parkland to form a substantial new green amenity to the
area. Proposed bicycle lane
More routes connecting inner suburbs. More and better connected
bicycle & pedestrian priority routes to ensure traveling safety
and enlarge choices. More bike sharing and parking facilities along
key routes.
Issues:
Grattan street area:
Grattan street area:
mal
lane
l bicycle
ublic tions
DIAGRAM 6.2.2: GREEN ROOF ACCESS POINTS (PROPOSED)
point
Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus,
contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area. Connect
transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic &
public buildings. Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction
and intermediated markers). Encourage deformed grid in laneways to
relate topological features and enrich spatial experience. Few
secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to
small lanes. Create a seconday roof top landscape as a
tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.
University:
Pedestrian Network
1. Some paths are visually impermeable, which undermines usage.
2. Some areas within uni are disconnected with streets.
Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus,
contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area. Connect
transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic &
public buildings. Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction
and intermediated markers). Encourage deformed grid in laneways to
relate topological features and enrich spatial experience. Few
secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to
small lanes. Create a seconday roof top landscape as a
tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.
Gtrattan St south:
3. Most small laneways are underused with low level of physical
permeability. 4. Roof top space is underused.
Cyclist Network
Pedestria Network500 m500 m
Proposals:Larger scale: More routes connecting inner suburbs.
More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes
to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices. More bike sharing
and parking facilities along key routes.
Grattan street area:LEGENDGROUND LEVEL ACCESS INTERNAL
ACCESS
Proposed informal (See: 9.2 Pedestrianising Barry Street)
bicycle path Existing bicycle lane
Intensive Green Roof Network
Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus,
contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area. Connect
transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic &
public buildings.
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
0
100 m
13
DESIGN ACTIVITY FORM MOVEMENT
ENHANCING STREETSCAPE VITALITYDIAGRAM 7.1.1: DEVELOPING ACTIVE
FRONTAGES (PROPOSED)
DIAGRAM 2.2.1: EDGE QUALITY (EXISTING)CAPTIVATING WINDOW
DISPLAYS
ABOVE: POROUS FRONTAGE; BELOW: ACTIVE FRONTAGE
AL-FRESCO DINING
LEGENDHARD EDGE PASSIVE ACTIVE EDGE ACTIVE EDGE
7.1 ENHANCING STREET FRONTAGESLEGENDHARD EDGE PASSIVE ACTIVE
EDGE ACTIVE EDGE Not only will laneways serve practical purposes,
the development of the edges as active, porous frontages draws on
the function of Melbournes iconic laneways as activity centres. The
proposal will inject activity and vibrancy into the
streetscape.
DIAGRAM 7.2.1: LANEWAY (EXISTING)
DIAGRAM 7.2.2: LANEWAY TYPE A (PROPOSED)
DIAGRAM 7.2.3: LANEWAY TYPE B (PROPOSED)
2 3 1 4 5
7.2 ACTIVATING LANEWAYSSTRATEGIES
1 2 3 4
Widening laneways to allow circulation of supply vehicles and
for alfresco seating along the edges Vertical setbacks for solar
access Ensuring adequete lighting in laneways Green roof pedestrian
system with bridges above laneways Increased porosity of frontages
to enhance pedestrian flow and visual interaction
10 10 10 10 10 10
5
NEW TRAIN LINE (DONCASTER TO DIVIDE GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING
THE TOWN-GOWNSOUTHERN CROSS)
DESIGN TRAM LINE TRANSFORMING PARKVILLE INTO A KEY NODE IN A
MOVEMENT BUS LINE POLYCENTRIC MELBOURNE ACTIVITY MAIN TRANSPORT
INTERCHANGE POINT (EXISTING) FORMNEW/ENHANCED TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE
POINT (PROPOSED)
TRAIN LINE
LEGENDNEW TRAIN LINE (CAULFIELD TO WEST FOOTSCRAY) NEW TRAIN
LINE (DONCASTER TO SOUTHERN CROSS) TRAIN LINE TRAM LINE BUS LINE
MAIN TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE POINT (EXISTING) NEW/ENHANCED TRANSPORT
INTERCHANGE POINT (PROPOSED)
Creating A More Re able Trasport Netw14
DIAGRAM 8.1.3: A FANTASY MAP OF HOW THE NEW EAST-WEST RAIL LINES
WILL BE INTEGRATED INTO MELBOURNES EXISTING RAIL NETWORK. THROUGH
INTERCHANGE STATIONS, THE MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY STATION IS ABLE TO
SERVICE COMMUTERS FAR BEYOND Uni THE NEW RAIL LINES.
DIAGRAM 8.1.1: UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE AS A MAJOR INTERCHANGE IN
THE TWO NEW EAST-WEST RAIL LINES
CBD
ROYAL PARKNEW MARKET FLEMINGTON BRIDGE
ROYAL PARK CLIFTON HILL
NEW MARKET
FLEMINGTON BRIDGE
CLIFTON HILL
FOOTSCRAY
VICTORIA PARK
FOOTSCRAYNORTH MELBOURNE
MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY
REB
COLLINGWOODREB NORTH RICHMOND PARLIAMENT
East-west route in the inner city is heavily congeste VICTORIA
PARK MELBOURNE 1.Tram & bus: Key east-west & North-south
routes, REB UNIVERSITY COLLINGWOOD ence NORTH heavy delays in the
peak periods due to giving prio MELBOURNE REB MELBOURNE NORTH
RICHMOND tra c movements. CENTRAL PARLIAMENT FLAGSTAFF 2,Railway:
During peak periods, many pessangers in ern & clifton Hill
groups(east-west link) are unable FLINDERS STATION SOUTHERN CROSS
3.Inferior public transport system increase tra c de
Issues in large scale:
MELBOURNE CENTRALFLAGSTAFF
DIAGRAM 8.1.2 PARKVILLE A MAJOR CENTER IN A POLYCENTRIC
MELBOURNEEpping airport Sydenham Broadmeadows Greensborough
Railway: 8.1 INTRODUCING A MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY TRAIN
STATIONSHRINE OF REMEMBERANCE
Proposals:
EAST RICHMOND
SOUTHERN CROSS
FLINDERS STATION
elton
sun shine
Parkville/carlton:
Education and health pricinct
Nodes represent focal points where there are concentration CBD.
of a significant activity or facility (Lynch, 1960). A Melbourne
University train station is proposed to enhance the precincts
public transport services and connections. In doing so, tra c
congestion. Parkville becomes a transportation node and an integral
part of the polycentric vision of 3new train station provide base
for activity to thrive Melbourne.
Footscray:
Urban denci cation and multiculture pricinct
EAST RICHMONDCBDDoncaster Camber well Ringwood central
pricinct
werribee
Docklands:
Financial, insurance service and recreation cau eld
SHRINE OF REMEMBERANCESouthbank:Arts, recreation
ST. kilda:
Business service Dandenong
Frankston
The station serves as a major interchange stop along two new
Tram, Bus & Taxis: east-west rail links, one from West
Footscray to Caulfield and another from Doncaster 1More signal
priority for trams & buses.Disto Melbournes Central Business
trict (CBD) (Department of Transport, 2008). These lines extend
2More bus only lanes(Grattan st,Princes st,College C into the outer
suburbs toCenmetry Road). transport access to provide public and
from areas not serviced by the existing system. This new 3Increase
bus frequency (401,402,546,205). extensive system is complemented
by improved tram, bus and cycling networks within 4Increase bus
services making commuting the precinct, thus to meet night travel
demand via public transport from the wider Melbourne area a more
at5Manage taxi parking zones. tractive option. This will alleviate
non-local traffic congestion along Grattan Street.
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
DESIGN ACTIVITY MOVEMENT FORM
ACTIVITY
15
TRANSFORMING PARKVILLE INTO A KEY NODE IN A POLYCENTRIC
MELBOURNE
DIAGRAM 8.2.2: DENSE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK WITH CONCENTRATION
OF FACILITIES AT EXIT SQUARES
UNIVERSITY SQUARETRAIN STATION
AIN STATION - TRANSPORT NODETO MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY NORTH
DIAGRAM 8.2.1: TRAIN STATION EXIT SQUARES AS TRANSPORT AND
ACTIVITY HUBS
To enhance public transport accessibility and connectivity to
Melbourne University and the surrounding areas.
Melbourne UniversityTRAIN STATION0 100 M
LEGEND
BUS STOP5 MINS
UNDERGROUND TRAIN NETWORK UNDERGROUND CAR NETWORK UNDERGROUND
PEDESTRIAN NETWORK FORMAL CAR NETWORK MINOR CAR NETWORKTO
CAMPUS
TO ROYAL MELBOURNE HOSPITAL
3 MINS
FORMAL CYCLE NETWORK INFORMAL CYCLING NETWORK BUS NETWORK TRAM
NETWORK
UNDERGROUND CIRCULATION SYSTEM
TO UNIVERSITY SQUARE
8 MINS
BICYCLE PARKING
TRAIN STATION
TO SWANSTON STREET
DIAGRAM 8.2.3: CONVENIENT ACCESS OF SURROUNDING PLACES
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS POINTSINTEREST FROM THE OF CAR ACCESS POINT TRAIN
STATION EXITS
TO LYGON STREET
10 MINSTO ROYAL EXHIBITION GROUNDS
CAR NODE (I.E. TAXI COLLECTION POINT) BICYCLE NODE (I.E. PARKING
FACILITIES) BUS STATION NODE TRAM STATION NODE UNDERGROUND CAR
NETWORK NODE (I.E. CARPARK)
TO VICTORIA MARKET
10 MINS
CONNECTING TO SURROUNDING PLACES OF INTEREST
OVE GROUND TRANSPORT RCULATION SYSTEM
8.2 ACTIVATING EXITS AS TRANPORT AND ACTIVITY HUBSTwo train
station exits are located on Pelham Street. Commuters exit onto a
square that is both a transport and activity hub. Various
facilities are concentrated at each square for ease of connection
with other transport modes, both private (the underground car park)
and public (the existing north-south tram nodes on Royal Parade and
Swanston Street). Commuter experience and safety is also addressed
active frontages line the edges of the squares to ensure that there
is life and activity, which provide the eyes on the street to
passively monitor the area throughout the day (Jacobs, 1961).
HAYMARKET PARK
UNIVERSITY SQUARE
LINCOLN SQUARE
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
16
DESIGN ACTIVITY MOVEMENT FORM
ENHANCING STREETSCAPE VITALITY
UNIVERSITY SQUARE+ PEDESTRIANIZING AND ACTIVATING BARRY STREET
& ENHANCING THE SITTING SPACE OF THE SQUARE
DIAGRAM 9.1.2 ACTIVATING BARRY STREETS EDGES TO ADD VITALITY TO
THE SCREETSCAPE
UNIVERSITY SQUAREDIAGRAM 9.1.1 PLAN OF A REDESIGNED UNIVERSITY
SQUARE, INCLUDING A PEDESTRIANISED BARRY STREET (PROPOSED)
GRATTAN STREET
+ &
Issues: The space is car park or car dominated PEDESTRIANIZING
AND ACTIVATING BARRY espciently used by pedestrians and not STREET
and cyclists. ENHANCING THE SITTING SPACE OF THE SQUAREGRATTAN
STREET
Issues: The space is car park or car dominated and not
espciently used by pedestrians and cyclists. Strategies: 1.Using
pedestrian-friendly paving to increase the priority of pedestrians
and cyclists. 2.Using vegetation to create a better walking/cycling
environment. 3.Linking to the future pedestrian dominated Plaza. 4.
More Sitting and other basic facility.
Strategies: 1.Using pedestrian-friendly paving to increase the
priority of pedestrians and cyclists. 2.Using vegetation to create
a better walking/cycling environment. 3.Linking to the future
pedestrian dominated Plaza. 4. More Sitting and other basic
facility.GRATTAN STREET
LEGEND = TREE = BENCH = TRAIN STATION EXIT = ROAD
9.1 PEDESTRIANISING BARRY STREET
Barry Street
Pedestrian Facility
The pedestrianisation of Barry Street is proposed to activate
its frontThe lawn Pedestrian-friendly Materials ages, as well as to
bridge movement onto University Square, and consequently, encourage
more lateral movement from the Squares main north-south circulation
pathway. Barry Streets edges are currently not wide enough to
support activity, thus, by making use of its entire width and
joining it with the Square, a more expansive pedestrian zone is
formed. It creates a new transitional area to linger within
(Alexander, 1977).
DIAGRAM 6.2.1 PEDESTRIAN NETWORK (PROPOSED)
LEGEND = TREE = BENCH = TRAIN STATION EXIT = ROAD
Enriching Internal Cycling and Pedestrian Links
Group 9
Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu
(Aland)
Physically and sociallyare akinsitting space: Conditions
comfortable to the north
Pedestrian Facility
Pedestrian-friendly Materials
campus South Lawn - a central lo- 30052 ABPL Course Coordinator:
Barrie Shelton cation where students, green space and urban
furniture meet. SimiThe lawn lar functions, like student group
barbeques, can thus be held there.
BarryPrecinct Studio Urban Street
Issues:
University:
Gtrattan St south:
1. Some paths are visually impermeable, which undermines usage.
2. Some areas within uni are disconnected with streets.
3. Most small laneways are underused with low level of physical
permeability. 4. Roof top space is underused.
DIAGRAM 9.1.3 REDESIGNED LAWN USELEGEND = TREE = BENCH
Physically and socially comfortable sitting space: = TRAIN STATION
EXIT = ROAD
Proposals:Larger scale: More routes connecting inner suburbs.
More and better connected bicycle & pedestrian priority routes
to ensure traveling safety and enlarge choices. More bike sharing
and parking facilities along key routes.
Group 9
Grattan street area:
Team Members: Bond Chong, Iris Ding, Jane Wong, Qin Yang Zhu
(Aland)
Pedestrian Network
Enhance direct internal connection within blocks. Thus,
contributing to inclusive campus and grattan St area. Connect
transport nodes, activity nodes, incooperat major historic &
public buildings. Increase permeability of small laneways(Xjunction
and intermediated markers). Encourage deformed grid in laneways to
relate topological features and enrich spatial experience. Few
secondary laneways for informal cycling paths could bring life to
small lanes. Create a seconday roof top landscape as a
tranquilizing space allowing more dynamic of public use.
9.2 IMPROVING UNIVERSITY SQUARES SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
ABPL 30052 Course Coordinator: Barrie Shelton
Urban Precinct Studio
Modifications to University Squares lawn are also proposed to
provide variation in spatial experience to enhance its new function
as a place to stop and stay in, for example, with graded seating
along the edges.
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
17
DESIGN ACTIVITY MOVEMENT FORM
DIVERSIFYING FUNCTIONS AND INTRODUCING NEW ACTIVITIESDIAGRAM
10.1.1: FUNCTIONAL MIX (PROPOSED) DIAGRAM 10.1.2: FUNCTIONAL MIX -
MAIN ACTIVITY (PROPOSED)
LEGEND
NIGHT
DAY
EVENING
Health/Medical:
RESIDENTIAL ACTIVITY PASSIVE RECREATION
Education: University general: Business : Residential : Public
park: Mixed: Others: car parking, uniton, factory, construction
site, unde ned areas.
INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
ACTIVITY
(I.E. STUDENT CENTRES, ELDERLY CARE)
ACTIVITY SPACES (I.E. PUBLIC PARKS) COMMERCIAL/RETAIL ACTIVITY
ACTIVE RECREATION (I.E. GYMS) NEW FUNCTIONS
DIAGRAM 10.1.3 VOLUME OF ACTIVITY BY TIME OF DAY (PROPOSED -
BLACK)/(EXISTING - GREY)
9am
6pm
NIGHT
DAY
EVENINGRIGHT: NEW ACTIVITIES ENABLED BY DIVERSIFIED FUNCTIONAL
MIXCOMEDY CLUBS ART GALLERIES
ACTIVITY
AL-FRESCO DINING AT NIGHT
PUBLIC ART WORK & DISPLAY
9am
6pm
10.1 DIVERSIFYING FUNCTIONAL AND ACTIVITY MIXWith the addition
of laneways and the newly enlarged square, the southern precinct
has more opportunity to introduce new activities and services to
diversify its functional mix. This will include activities that
extend beyond student hours, so that the precinct remains active at
night. A diversified functional mix in the south offers activities
that contrasts with those offered in the north but that are
complementary to the needs of its users. This promotes linkages
between activity nodes and movement across Grattan Street
(Salingaros, 2005).
500 m
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
18
DESIGN FORM MOVEMENT ACTIVITY
NURTURING A COHESIVE SENSE OF PLACE
DIAGRAM 11.1.1: SURFACE MATERIALS (PROPOSED)
DIAGRAM 11.1.2: URBAN FURNITURE (PROPOSED)
DIAGRAM 11.1.3: VEGETATION COVERAGE (PROPOSED)
Material distribution
Street furniture: formal
Extending paving across Grattan Street to demarcate
pedestrian-priority pathways leading north and south, as well as
along main pedestrian pathways in the south.
With the south sides modified spatial form, more formal and
informal urban furniture can be added. It can also be scattered
more organically throughout the precinct, as is the existing
condition in the north.
With the south sides modified spatial form, more vegetation, as
well as a greater diversity of cover can be added, for example,
along the laneways. The elevated system of roof gardens also adds
diversity to the souths vegetation cover.
11.1 CREATING COHESION WITH SMALL-SCALE ELEMENTSAccording to
Edward Relph (1976), a sense of place refers to a particular
character or personality that a place possesses. The character of
the northern campus is shaped by its historic buildings and insular
structure, whilst the southern precinct has claims to neither.
Previously mentioned strategies address structural and circulation
differences, yet small-scale changes can also have a big
impact.
LEGENDSURFACE PAVING MODIFICATION GENERAL MODIFICATION ZONE
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
DESIGN: EXPANDING IDEAS
0
19
50
10.2 ENHANCING FLEXIBLE USE OF UPPER UNIVERSITY SQUAREAll the
suggested design principles are longterm interventions that require
certain conditions to take effect before they can be fully
established. However, in recent years, the design of urban spaces
and experiences has become less about making large-scale changes
and more about providing greater opportunity for people to create
their own small-scale, temporal interventions. This is known as
tactical urbanism or D.I.Y. urbanism (Lydon et al, 2012) A key
advantage of this is that a space can be activated relatively
quickly and with fewer resources In order to introduce this sort of
communitydriven urbanism, upper University Square can be
retrofitted to provide services and facilities that support the
flexible use of its space.
POP-UP STORE FIELD
SHELTERED SEATING AREA
PUBLIC TOILETS
INSERTING AN ENERGY GRID
To service users of thespace who are unfamiliar with facilities
provided by the university
To power pop-up stores, new sheltered study areas and informal
seating areas
GREATER SEATING CAPACITY
To o er more seating and a variety of seating options for a
range of activities and uses
RAMP
replaces stairs to allow greater accessibility to set up and
remove pop-up stores
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
20
DESIGN: CRITIQUELANEWAYS TO CREATE A MORE PERMEABILITY
PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENT CREATING A MORE COHESIVE SENSE OF PLACE
USING SMALL-SCALE ELEMENTS OF MATERIALITY, URBAN FURNITURE AND
VEGETATION TO DEVELOP NORTH-CAMPUS CONDITIONS IN THE SOUTH TRAFFIC
CALMING MEASURES ALONG GRATTAN STREET SO IT IS NO LONGER A STRONG
PHYSICAL BARRIER
CONCLUSIONThe framework was based on the desire to mitigate the
divisive nature of Grattan Street between the north and south
campus. The focus was not on explicitly redesigning the street but
rather, to alter the existing conditions of movement, form and
activity to create a shared sense of place. In this way, Grattan
Street becomes a cohesive part of new larger and more integrated
campus precinct.
ACTIVATING THE PRECINCT BY DIVERSIFYING FUNCTIONAL AND ACTIVITY
MIX AND ENSURING ACTIVE EDGES THROUGHOUT FOR GREATER PEDESTRIAN
EXPERIENCE
A MORE EXPANSIVE PEDESTRIAN NETWORK, INCLUDING A PEDESTRIANISED
BARRY STREET AND A GREEN ROOFTOP CIRCULATION SYSTEM
ADDITION OF A MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY TRAIN STATION, WITH EXIT
SQUARES AS MAJOR PRECINCT NODES
GRATTAN STREET: BREACHING THE TOWN-GOWN DIVIDE
21
LIST OF REFERENCESAlexander, C 1977. A Pattern Language. Oxford
University Press, Oxford, UK. Bently, I., Alcock, A., Murrain, P.,
McGlynn, S. & Smith, G. 1985. Responsive Environments: A Manual
for Designers. Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK. Gehl, J. 1987. Life
Between Buildings. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc, New York.
Jacobs, J. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities.
Penguin Books. Middlesex, England. Lydon, M., Bartman, D., Garcia,
T., Preston, R., & Woudstra, R. 2012. Tactical Urbanism 2.
Short-Term Action || Long-Term Change. The Street Plans
Collaborative. Scribd. Lynch, K. 1960. The Image of the City.
Technology Press and Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Melbourne Fantasy Rail Map, 2011, digital image, Railpage, accessed
11 November, 2012, Public Transport Victoria, 2012. How to travel
to Melbourne University Parkville Campus. University of Melbourne,
Australia, accessed 29 October 2012, <
futurestudents.unimelb.edu.au/> RATIO, 2000. University of
Melbourne Traffic/Transport Strategic Overview Issues & Options
Report. University of Melbourne, viewed: 15/09/2012, Relph, E.
1976. On the identity of places in Carmona, M. & Tiesdell, S,
2007, Urban Design Reader, Elsevier Ltd. Oxford, UK. Salingaros,N.
2005. Principles of Urban Structure. Techne Press, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
LIST OF REFERENCES: IMAGESANALYSIS: FORM EDGES & ENTRANCES
Medical Building, University of Melbourne, 2012, digital image,
University of Melbourne, accessed 11 November 2012, Fencing,
digital image (Photo Credits: Aland) ANALYSIS: ACTIVITY Walter
& Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research 2012, Melbourne
Brain Centre Auditorium, University of Melbourne, digital image,
University of Melbourne, accessed 11 November 2012, <
http://www.dayofimmunology.org.au/public_lecture >. South Lawn
Activity, University of Melbourne, 2012, digital image, University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, accessed 11 November 2012, <
http://www.hr.unimelb.edu.au/careers/> Caf Culture, digital
image (Photo Credits: Ly-Jane) DESIGN: 7.1 ENHANCING STREET
FRONTAGES Widman, G. 2009, Al-Fresco Dining, digital image,
uwishunu.com, accessed 12 November 2012, Heller, D. 2012, Window
Display, digital image, Dan Heller, accessed 12 November 2012, <
http://www.danheller.com/
images/Europe/Italy/Venice/Streets/Slideshow/img14.html> DESIGN:
10.1 DIVERSIFYING FUNCTION Comedy Clubs, 2012, digital image, New
York Show Tickets, accessed 12 November 2012, <
http://www.nytix.com/ComedyClubs/index.html> Art Gallery, 2012,
digital image, Manchester Central Art Galleries, accessed 12
November 2012, <
http://www.manchestercentral.co.uk/art-galleries> Public Art
Ford Focus Makeover, 2011, digital image, Evans Halshaw, accessed
12 November 2012, Widman, G. 2009, Al-Fresco Dining, digital image,
uwishunu.com, accessed 12 November 2012,