ulletin

CHEMICAL PROPULSION INFORMATION AGENCY

SECOND AMPTE BARIUM RELEASEPRODUCES ARTIFICIAL COMET

The second of two releases ofbarium ions into space from theAMPTE (Active MagnetosphericParticle Tracer Explorers) took placeon July 17 . The cloud of bariumions produced an artificial cometobservable from the ground in thesouthwest United States and otherareas to the south and west. Threeminutes after the release of thebarium ions, the tail of the artificialcomet stretched out over 5000 miles,at a distance of some 70,000 milesabove the Pacific Ocean.

As described in the Bulletin a yearago, the Applied Physics Laboratoryhad a special interest in this project .One of the three satellites launchedas a package aboard a Deltaspacecraft was made and tested atthe Laboratory. The project is trulyinternational in scope : under NASAdirection, each of the satellites wasmade by a different country. Theion release module (IRM) wassupplied by the Federal Republic ofWest Germany, another spacecraftthat kept station with the IRM tomeasure local disturbances camefrom the United Kingdom, while theAPL satellite, in a different orbit,made similar measurements from itsposition . Still other countries aidedin observing the phenomena as thereleases were made.

Ground photo taken 3 minutes afterbarium release . Photo byBaumgardner and Mendiilo, BostonUniversity, at University of Texasobservatory.

Vol. 11, No. 5, August 1985THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY . APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY

A Department of Defense Information Analysis Center

The first of the two comets wasproduced by a similar barium releaseon December 27, 1984. In othertests this spring, the heavy ions ofbarium and the much lighter lithiumions were released into the earth's"magnetotail", that part of theearth's magnetic field that extendsaway from the sun on the dark sideof the earth. The series of testsmay help scientists understand hownatural plasma in the solar wind istransported around and into theearth's magnetic field . The cometexperiments hold promise ofincreased understanding of thedevelopment of the long tails ofnatural comets such as Halley's,which will be nearing earth earlynext year.

The clearest sightings of the July17th artificial comet were reportedfrom observatories in west Texas,near Lima, Peru, and from aboardan Argentine Air Force observationplane over the Pacific Ocean. ANASA observation flight was abortedwhen the aircraft caught fire ontakeoff ; fortunately, none of thescientists or crew aboard were hurt,and other observation posts providedadequate coverage.

At the time of the release, Dr. S.M. Krimigis, U.S . Principal Investi-gator for the project and chief APLspace scientist was at the JPLAMPTE control center in California,while project scientist Dr. RichardMcEntire of APL and projectmanager Gil Ousley of NASA wereat the U.S . Ampte Service DataCenter at APL in Maryland . Thecommand to the satellite for therelease of the barium ions was sentfrom the West German ScienceOperations Center, near Munich,Germany; the West German PrincipalInvestigator is Gerhard Haerendel,who was at an observatory atArequipa, Peru for the experiment .

Although the barium comet wasthe last scheduled ion release in theprogram, the APL satellite continuesto monitor and report the chargedparticle environment within theearth's magnetic field.

TRANSPORT ANDDIFFUSION MODELLINGWORKSHOP HELDA workshop on atmospheric

transport and diffusion modellingsponsored by the EnvironmentalHealth Panel of the Safety doEnvironmental Protection Subcom-mittee took place at the AerospaceCorporation, El Segundo, California,11-13 June 1985. Over 60 personsfrom various JANNAF agencies,industry, and the academiccommunity attended .

The meeting was a successfuldiscussion of Air Force and Armytransport and diffusion problemswith considerable NASA support .Approximately 60% of the meetingwas devoted to the Space Shuttleexhaust hazard at Vandenberg AirForce Base (VAFB). The meetingwas divided in six sessions : SourceCharacterization ; Empirical DataInput ; Diffusion Modelling I ;Diffusion Modelling II; SpecificModelling Issues-Vandenberg AFB;and Specific Modelling Issues-Army.The overall workshop chairman wasDr. Gordon Schacher, NavalPostgraduate School, Monterey, CA,assisted by co-hosts Sherwin Lewis,Aerospace Corp. and Lt. BetteHagan, AFSD, Los Angeles AFS.

Tests from Kennedy Space Center(KSC) launches of Space Shuttleindicate that large droplet formationin the plume occurs almostimmediately and that a considerableamount of near-field HC1 depositiondue to rainout will result. At KSCthe HCl entrained in the cloud isnot a hazard if it is deposited oversurrounding water, but at VAFB suchwater is not present and HClrevolatilization could produce asignificant hazard. Likewise, thegeography and meteorology at VAFBcould make the structural damageproblems worse than those experi-enced at KSC. Optical instrumentsbeing developed will help in theexhaust cloud characterization;these show real promise but a morecoordinated effort to integrate newinstruments with existing measure-ment methods and models is needed .

One primary requirementCont'd . on page 4

RECENT CPIA PUBLICATIONSCPIA/M3

Solid

Propellant

Two Chemical Propulsion Tech-Ingredients Manual, Formatted Units

nom

Reviews

CPTRs

were52 TAGN , 53 K2S04), 54 (IDP), 55

completed and sent for peer and(CATOCENE), Mfg. Units 6A (R-

COTR review:45M), 7A (R-45HT), 8A and 813 (B),l0A (Al), 11A (Zr), 13A (OXAMIDE),

"Thermal Reactivity of Tactical16B (RDX), 24A (Mg), 42A (EC), 43A

Ordnance", by J . A . E . Hannum; and(DEP), 44C (DBP), 45A and 45B(DMP), 51A (TA), 53A and 53B

"Hydrazine Compatibility", by L.(K2SO4), and 55A (CATOCENE), May

B . Piper.1985 .

Four papers are in various stagesCPIA Pub. 394, "Hazards of

of preparation:Chemical Rockets and Propellants",Vol. III, Sep 1984 .

CPIA Pub. 424, "JANNAFCompilation of Propulsion Tech-nology Programs FY 1985(Contractor Edition)", May 1985.

CPIA Pub. 426, "14th JANNAFPlume Technology Meeting", May1985.

"Chemical Propulsion PublicationsList", June 1985 .

LS85-06 : Thrust Reversal andThrust Termination Systems (U)(period covered 1961-1984; 89citations and abstracts ; titles andsubject index) .

LS85-07 : High Pressure LiquidPropellant Engines (period covered1969-1984 ; 109 citations andabstracts ; titles and subject index) .

LS85-08 : Bonding Agents for HMXand RDX (U) (period covered 1969-1985A; 21 citations and abstracts ;titles and subject index) .

THE CPIA BULLETINis published bimonthly by

CHEMICAL PROPULSION INFORMATION AGENCY

The Johns Hopkins UniversityApplied Physics LaboratoryJohns Hopkins RoadLaurel, Maryland 20707Operating under Contract N00024-85-C-5301

Mr. Edward N. Case

Managing EditorMrs. Lorri A. Pickett

Associate EditorMs. Janet M. Paplauskas

Illustrator

The Chemical Propulsion Information Agency(CPIA) is a Dol) Information Analysis Center re-sponsible for the acquisition, compilation, analysis,and dissemination of information relevant to chem-ical propulsion. In addition, CPIA provides technicaland administrative support to the Joint Army, Navy,NASA, and Air Force Interagency Propulsion Com-mittee (JANNAF) . The purpose of JANNAF is tosolve propulsion problems, effect coordination oftechnical programs, and promote an exchange oftechnical information in the areas of missile, space,and gun propulsion technology. A fee commensuratewith CPIA products and services is charged to sub-scribers . Also, subscribers must meet the securityand need-to-know requirements .

"Laboratory Test Methods toMeasure the Acoustic ResponseFunctions of Solid Propellants";

"Moisture Effects in CompositeMaterials";

"Throttleable Ducted Rockets";and

"Strip Laminate Rocket MotorCases" .

To make our products and servicesbetter known to the propulsioncommunity, we have been running aseries of descriptive feature articlesin the Bulletin. In this issue, CPIA'stechnical inquiry and literaturesearch services are highlighted.

CPIA INQUIRYRESPONSE SERVICECPIA subscribers are encouraged

to take advantage of our technicalinquiry and literature search servicesto help maintain the informationedge needed in this competitiveenvironment .

CPIA has unique resources torespond to your information needs.Its document library was establishedin the late 1940s and now containsmore than 55,000 technical reportsand papers covering RDT&E in theareas of solid, liquid, airbreathing,and gun propellants and propulsionsystems . All the material is indexedin depth by professional staffmembers . The technical reportliterature from 1969 to date (morethan 20,000 citations) is computersearchable by CPIA and forms thebasis for most bibliographies .Manual searches of the pre-1969literature are performed as needed .

2

CPIA also makes use of DROLS, theDepartment of Defense RDT&E On-Line System as a resource.

The technical staff includeschemists, engineers, informationspecialists and experienced sup-porting staff personnel. Through itsrelationship with JANNAF, the CPIAstaff interacts with close to 1000Government and industry represen-tatives to the various JANNAFSubcommittees. These professionalcontacts with the nation's propulsionexperts greatly add to CPIA'sinformation resources.

You may initiate an inquiry bytelephone or letter, although atelephone call is preferred becauseit improves understanding of specificuser needs . Responses are usuallyprovided within two or three workingdays in the form of a telephonediscussion of findings, a bibliographyof the pertinent literature, datasheets, excerpts from reports, orspecial responses such as computerprogram library tapes or theoreticalperformance calculations . Personalvisits to CPIA are encouraged,especially when an in-depthevaluation of the literature is to beconducted .

The inquiry service is availablewithout additional charge to Army,Navy, NASA, and Air Forceemployees since these agencies payan annual blanket service charge .Qualified industrial firms, othergovernment agencies, and educa-tional institutions may subscribe toCPIA services . They are entitled toa minimum of four hours ofprofessional staff inquiry time aspart of their basic subscriptions . Acharge of $50 per professional staffhour (this includes supporting stafflabor, computer time, mailingexpenses, etc .) is made for additionalinquiry time . Some further chargesmay be incurred for publications,data sheets or report excerpts thatare provided .

CPIA encourages you to takeadvantage of the inquiry service bycontacting Tom Reedy (301) 992-7307. Karen Strange, (301) 953-5850, 5851 or (301) 992-7301, is thecontact for further informationabout subscription charges and otherCPIA products . A minimumrequirement is that all subscribersmust maintain an active registrationwith the Defense TechnicalInformation Center (DTIC) at theConfidential or higher security levelwith the proper need-to-know.

The 22nd JANNAF Combustion Meeting will be held on October 7-10, 1985 at the Jet Propulsion. Laboratory,Pasadena, CA.

The overall security level of the meeting is CONFIDENTIAL with attendance limited to invited U.S . citizensand authorized immigrant aliens who possess the proper security clearance and need-to-know certification .

Preliminary program packages have been assembled and distributed to the combustion communitv. The programconsists of 119 papers which will be presented in 17 sessions. In addition, there will be two technical workshopson turbulence in ramjet combustor environments and on methods for measuring solid propellant combustion response .

The schedule of the sessions and workshops is as follows :

Mon., Oct. 7

Chemical Characterization of Liquid Gun PropellantsWorkshop : Turbulences in Ramjet Combustor EnvironmentsAnalysis of Liquid Propellant Gun PerformanceMetal Combustion

Tues ., Oct. 8

Ignition and Flow Phenomena of Liquid Gun PropellantsSteady-State CombustionRamjet Pressure Oscillations - INitramine Combustion TechnologyIgnition and Temperature SensitivityRamjet Pressure Oscillations - II

Wed ., Oct . 9

Analysis and Characterization of Gun IgnitersCombustion Instability FundamentalsRamjet CombustionGun Propellant Chemistry and KineticsCombustion Instability ApplicationsSupersonic Combustion

Thur ., Oct. 10

Charge Development and Combustion DiagnosticsWorkshop: Methods for Measuring Solid Propellant Combustion ResponseLiquid Rocket Engine Performance and Instability

Three of the six gun sessions will consider liquid propellant guns (LPG): the physical and chemicalcharacterizations of the propellants, the experimental performance of the guns, and the ignition and flowcharacteristics within the chambers and tubes of the guns . The remaining sessions will cover granular and stickpropellant grains. Specific papers will discuss igniters and flamespreading, the characteristics of new high energyingredients, and the design and performance of propelling charges.

The five solid rocket propellant sessions will focus on the diagnostics, combustion, and performance of metallizedpropellants ; the steady-state combustion, erosive burning, temperature sensitivity, and combustion instabilitybehavior of rocket propellants .

The nitramine session will include both rocket and gun propellants . It will highlight the kinetics of boththermal decomposition and combustion of nitramine based propellants .

The initiation, growth, and control of pressure oscillations in both liquid and solid-fueled ramjets are subjectsof two of the four ramjet sessions . The two other sessions will discuss the combustion, flow characteristics, andperformance of supersonic and hypersonic ramjets .

The final session will consider the performance and instability prediction models of liquid rocket engines .

Mr. Leon D . Strand of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the Program Chairman. He is assisted by the following

Program Area Organizers Dr. Edward B . Fisher, Veritay Tech., Inc . ; Mr . Robert C . Corley, AFRPL ; Prof . Merrill

W . Beckstead, BYU; Dr. G . Burton Northam, NASA/Langley; Mr . Jim R . Lobitz, Rocketdyne; and Dr. F . Don Stull,

AF WAL .

Persons who did not receive the security form and preliminary program package and wish to attend the Meeting

should complete the form below, cut and mail it to: Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory,Chemical Propulsion Information Agency, Attn : Debra Sue Eggleston, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20707 .

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I plan to attend the 22nd JANNAF Combustion Meeting. Please mail the necessary security and need-to-knowform and meeting details to :

Name:

Address :

(Return prior to September 6, 1985)

Cont'd. from page 1

expressed was producing models thatare simple to use, easy to interpret,and preferably based on micro-computers . This is difficult giventhe complexity of atmospherictransport and diffusion modelling . A"replacement" for Ocean Breeze/DryGulch has been installed in a micro-computer . It uses an improveddetermination of stability and willeventually allow spatial andtemporal wind variations to bemeshed with complex terrain flowfields . Other efforts include a fastconvolution method to establish adeposition grid for adding chemicaleffects to the wargame; thereduction of digitized terrain to aset of 40 physical parameters foreach grid point to solve the complexterrain flow problem ; developmentof the Automated Nuclear Biologicaland Chemical Information System(ANBCIS) model with a "no fly box"based on well established threatlevels, allowing built-in safetyfactors consistent with theoperator's knowledge of the model'svariability . In addition, work is inprogress to adapt the current KSCmodel to VAFB, and to develop aseparate advanced color graphicsystem with near-real time assess-ment (MARSS, Meteorological andRange System Support) .

The Army provided a fascinatinglook at extensive, sophisticatedmodelling efforts and developmentof usable models for the field wherealmost no quality meteorologicalinformation is available . The"nested models" approach of WhiteSands Missile Range, which uses ahierarchy of models from thesynoptic scale down to diffusion incanopies, is proceeding well . Smokeand obscurant modelling, one of themost difficult battlefield problems,due to the large spatial variabilityof the optical properties ofobscuration clouds, has been donesuccessfully and tested using micro-computer-based programs withminimal meteorological inputs undersimulated battlefield conditions .

Some concerns expressed formodelling were the lack ofoperational requirements in manycases, the overlapping of modellingsystems with no apparent connectionbetween them, the lack of definitive

and their utilization .

GRANULAR MATERIALPROPERTIESWORKSHOP HELDTwenty-two specialists gathered

for the JA0IAF Propulsion SystemsHazards Subcommittee's Workshopon the Mechanical Properties ofCompacted Granular Material heldat Albuquerque, New Mexico, 11-12July 1985 in conjunction with theEighth Symposium (International) onDetonation .

The workshop addressed bothexperimental and theoretical diffi-culties associated with measuringand interpreting the state of stressin a packed bed of granular material,including strain-rate sensitivity,shock sensitivity, uniaxial straincompression and sound speedmeasurements. Among topicsconsidered were a quasi-staticcompaction experiment and analysis,and the quasi-static compaction ofneat HMX, hall propellants andinerts . In addition, dynamiccompaction studies with a piston-driven compaction experiment werediscussed .

Some of the specific issuesconsidered were: quasi-staticcompaction as a function of porosity ;the necessity of accounting forcompressibility and strength of thesolid phase in describing intra-granular stress ; validation of therate-dependent compaction theory ;the effective speed of propagationof a small-amplitude disturbance ;control of the speed of propagationof a large-amplitude stress wave; therelationship of permeability to stateof compaction ; and the role of wallboundary friction in uniaxial strainof a compressed granular material .These issues play an important role

Cont'd. from page 5

Rene St . Germain has beenappointed vice president, qualityassurance for the GarrettCorporation, Los Angeles, reportingdirectly to Garrett's executive vicepresident, Raymond G. Azar. Hehas been director of qualityassurance since 1979 .

Billie M. Smith has been promotedto president of the Vought AeroProducts Division of LTV Aerospaceand Defense Company, based inDallas, TX. He succeeds Philip A.Greco, who resigned to pursue otherinterests .

WYLD AWARD GOESTO AEROJETSCIENTISTS

Dr. Adolph E. Oberth (seated) andDr. Rolf S. Bruenner of AerojetStrategic Propulsion Companyreceived the Wyld Propulsion Awardfor their work in developing andapplying bonding agents for solidrocket propellants . The award waspresented at the AIA A JointPropulsion Conference at Monterey,CA ., on July 9 .

in the computation of acceleratingdeflagrations and transient stresswaves in compacted granularenergetic material, and are crucialto any DDT prediction . Severalnumerical modelling presentationswere also made as well as someupdates of ongoing programs .

Mr . Smith has been executive vicepresident and general manager-missiles of the Vought Missiles andAdvanced Programs Division since1983 . He joined the LTVorganization in 1.966 and has servedin a variety of executive positions .Ile was named a vice president in1971, vice president and generalmanager of Michigan operations in1972, senior vice president ofAdvanced Programs in 1977, andhead of the company's MultipleLaunch Rocket System program in1979 .

hazard levels associated with themodels and measurement require-ments, and the long lead timebetween new model developments

PEOPLE IN PROPULSION

Robert D. Paster

Three executive appointmentshave been announced at theRocketdyne Division of RockwellInternational Corporation byPresident Richard Schwartz .

Robert D. Paster has moved fromAdvanced Programs to become vicepresident of Space Shuttle MainEngine (SSME) Development Engines ;Steve J. Domokos has been namedto the new position of assistant tothe president ; and Michael L.Skolnick has been appointed vicepresident of Advanced Programs .

Mr . Paster, who has the primaryresponsibility for developing theupgraded SSME, has served inprogram management and projectengineering roles on a number of keyliquid rocket engine programs forNASA and the Department ofDefense during his 22-yearRocketdyne career . These includeGemini, Apollo, Transtage, Minute-man post-boost propulsion, Mars-Mariner, and early ballistic missiledefense programs .

Mr . Domokos will provideguidance, experience and assistanceon selected programs at thedirection of Rocketdyne's president .His first assignment will be to work

Joseph G. O'Grady has beenappointed president of AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials(ASTM), Philadelphia . He had beena volunteer in ASTM and served onits Board of Directors prior to beingmade executive vice president inJanuary, 1984 . Mr. O'Grady cameto ASTM from PSE&G ResearchCorporation, a subsidiary of PublicService Electric and Gas Companyof New Jersey, where he had beenvice president and directed thecorporate Research and TestingLaboratory in Maplewood, NJ.

Steve J. Domokos Michael L. Skolnick

with the Space Station team as theydevelop Rocketdyne's proposal forthat NASA program .

Mr. Domokos began his 34-yearcareer at North American Aviation,Inc ., as a research engineer, and hasheld many key managementpositions . He was project engineerfor the Atlas Engine and the SaturnH-1 Engine . Mr . Domokos wasprogram manager of the LunarAscent Engine and Space ShuttleAuxiliary Propulsion Systems forAdvanced Programs. He becamevice president, Advanced Programs;vice president, Laser Programs; vicepresident and program manager,SSME Development Engines .

As vice president of AdvancedPrograms, Mr. Skolnick will guideRocketdyne's new business efforts,including directed energy research .

Mr . Skolnick joined Rocketdyne in1976 as a program manager in theLaser Programs organization. Hehas been business director of LaserOptics Programs, technical directorof Laser Systems, and director ofMarketing and New BusinessDevelopment within AdvancedPrograms.

Phyllis Veit, Len Landuk, andGerald Svob of Aerojet General,Sacramento, CA, were given anaward for the best paper in solidrocket technology presented at a1984 AIAA conference. The awardwas presented at the AIAA JointPropulsion Conference in Monterey,CA on July 8 . The paper, whichreports on an on-going program,recommends the dissection of a fullscale motor to study problems insafety and performance, rather thanrelying only on laboratory tests orother small scale means.

JANNAF AWARDHONORSJ .R .M000Y, WPAFB

JANNAF Award Winner James R.McCoy (left) with Robert D. Sherrill,Division Chief, who presented theaward for the JANNAF ExecutiveCommittee .

The JANNAF certificate ofrecognition was presented to Mr .James R . McCoy of Aero PropulsionLaboratory, Wright-Patterson AirForce Base, OH, by Mr . Robert D.Sherrill, Chief of the AFWAL Fuelsand Lubrication Division, on July 17,1985 . The award is presentedannually to a few selectedindividuals in the propulsion com-munity in recognition of theircontributions to advance the stateof the art of chemical propulsionand their efforts to further the goalsand objectives of JANNAF .

As Manager of the Missile FuelDevelopment Branch, Aero Pro-pulsion Laboratory at Wright-Patterson, Mr . McCoy is technicaldirector of missile fuel development,including liquid hydrocarbon fuels,slurry fuels, and ramjet solid fuels.

For the Ramjet Fuels Subcom-mittee of JANNAF, he helpedestablish the Ramjet Fuels Panel andserved as its chairman for fouryears . He has organized threespecialist sessions at JANNAFmeetings and was chairman of afourth . Mr . McCoy wrote theoriginal specification for the JP-10fuel used for several missiles, andis currently active in solid fuelformulation studies . He will bestudying polymer chemistry at theUniversity of Akron this fall, andwill carry out research on polymersynthesis to develop materials withpotential as binders or fillers forsolid fuel grains .

MEETING CALENDAR SUBJECT TO CHANGE . FOR LATEST DETAILS, CONTACT THE CPIA.

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