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The VIDEO medium
Characteristics, Applications and
Techniques
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What is VIDEO?
the electronic capture and storage and
display of moving pictures on a screen.
The screens can now be computer,television, cell phone, projection, or mp3type device.
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Video storage
On ..
Videocassette
CD (compact disk) DVD (digital versatile disk)
Hard drive (e.g. computer)
Internet
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What is television?
A system for the distribution of videomaterial to different points via thefollowing: wireless antenna, cable,
satellite, phone and Internet networks.
Television therefore uses video technologyand material but it is only one applicationof them.
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Educational uses of video
Present content
Introduce topics
Provide remediation Provide enrichment
Can be used in all the domains and for
various specific applications.
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Cognitive domain learning
Bring abstract concepts to life byillustrating them.
Present information in visual rather thanjust verbal form such as events,processes, relationships, techniques,people.
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Motor domain learning
Show how things work and how they aredone.
Video demonstrations often more effectivethan live ones.
Endless repetition of steps in procedurefor practice and mastery.
Procedure display options - real time,
speeded up, slowed down, or frozen intime.
.
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Affective domain learning
Video communicates emotion well.
Role models and dramatization caninfluence attitudes, encourage desirablebehaviour.
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Interpersonal domain learning
Effective for building interaction andrelationship skills.
Can be done through demonstration, role
play, modeling, analysis. Recording of practice can be very useful.
Examples are conflict resolution,
teamwork, peer interaction, decision-making, research, intra-groupcommunication.
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Educational applications of video
Electronic field trips:- site cannot bevisited owing to risk, cost, distance,restricted access etc.
Documentary:- capture actual events andprocesses, situations and people.
Dramatization:-presentations of events
are made absorbing through drama e,g.modelling of attitudes, professionalconduct.
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Educationalapplications (contd)
Demonstrations of procedures andtechniques impractical in classroom or lab;that need to be viewed repeatedly; need to
be viewed at than normal speed. Simulation of normally invisible or hidden
technical operations/processes.
Illustration and analysis of issues orthemes re health, safety, environment,conservation etc.
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When to use video
In sum, use video to enhance learning by......learning to share ideas.
...learning about a process
...risk-free observation of events.
...dramatization.
...learning about skills for a task
...learning about others.
...problem solving
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Types of video
Video images converted from analog todigital for use in a computer.
Analog images are in the form of waves.
Digital images - binary form: 1s and 0s
-----------------------------------------------------------
Analog is displayed via scans.
Digital via dots of varying colour and lightintensity.
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Digital video advantages
No loss of quality in editing, copying,storage, replay, transfer betweencomputers.
500 lines of resolution twice rate ofvideocassette.
Cheaper , easier recording, field or studio.
Can be edited on computer.
Varying replay speeds.
High speed transfer computer.
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Digital video formats
1. DVD (digital video disk).
2. Computer-based video HD stored
3. Internet video4. Compressed video
5. Streaming video
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1. DVD
Same size as CD; offers digital recordingand playback of full-motion video.
Can hold almost 9 hrs of video with highquality sound.
Random access, durable.
No distortion slow motion. No deterioration over time.
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2. Computer video
Can be used by both students andteachers.
Images captured can be processed and
stored on computer. Research content can be captured , edited
and presented to class and others.
Voice, other sound can be recorded andused.
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3. Internet video
Sites like Yahoo present news, sports andcultural items via video clips.
Some use compressed video record
selected parts of each frame i.e. those thatmove or change in some way.
Less data thus needs to be saved
resulting in smaller files. Video streaming is also used for Internet
video.
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5. Video streaming
Download of whole file not necessary toto start displaying.
Video starts playing when link selected.
Video delivered in packets just beforematerial is seen -(or heard - music sitesstream music constantly).
Content not stored on computerstreamed as soon as you select it andthen instantly erased.
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Analog video format
A videotape format, usually on videocassette.
Widely used for news, sports, and amateur
video. Tapes in 8mm, half-inch and mini-DV
sizes for different cameras.
Display via VCR+TV, projector + screen Not suitable for computer display, but can
be made digital i.e. digitized.
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Video features
Manipulation of time
Manipulation of space
Animation
Synchronized sound and motion
Colour (real life and simulated)
Inexpensive and random access (digital)
Cost effective storage (digital)
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Video advantages
Motion capability, compared to stills. Effective process display.
Risk-free observation.
Dramatization of human interaction. Skill learning via practice and observation.
Affective learning via emotional impact of
medium.
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Video advantages (Contd)
Problem solving by showing situations.
Share common experience by groupviewing.
Affective learning because of emotionalimpact of medium.
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Video limitations
Fixed pace and sequence(analog type). Not good for still visual study.
Can be misinterpreted by young learners.
Not ideal for abstract, non-visual content. Expense, skills needed for high quality.
Projection equipment still costly.
Suitable material not readily available.
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Evaluating video material
Before use, assess material in terms of
suitability for learners
match to lesson objectivesquality of content
technical features
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Evaluation areas
1. Introduction statement of aims,objectives and audience.
2. Development a)Topic coverage.
b) Programme pace and lengthc) Learning activities included.
d) Transitions and subtopics.
e) Purpose - instruct, inform, motivate
f) Review/summary at the end.
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Evaluation areas
3. Technical
Visuals communicate well.
Picture and sound quality acceptable. Convincing acting.
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