The VIDEO Medium

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The VIDEO medium

Characteristics, Applications and

Techniques

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What is VIDEO?

the electronic capture and storage and

display of moving pictures on a screen.

The screens can now be computer,television, cell phone, projection, or mp3type device.

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Video storage

On ..

Videocassette

CD (compact disk) DVD (digital versatile disk)

Hard drive (e.g. computer)

Internet

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What is television?

A system for the distribution of videomaterial to different points via thefollowing: wireless antenna, cable,

satellite, phone and Internet networks.

Television therefore uses video technologyand material but it is only one applicationof them.

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Educational uses of video

Present content

Introduce topics

Provide remediation Provide enrichment

Can be used in all the domains and for

various specific applications.

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Cognitive domain learning

Bring abstract concepts to life byillustrating them.

Present information in visual rather thanjust verbal form such as events,processes, relationships, techniques,people.

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Motor domain learning

Show how things work and how they aredone.

Video demonstrations often more effectivethan live ones.

Endless repetition of steps in procedurefor practice and mastery.

Procedure display options - real time,

speeded up, slowed down, or frozen intime.

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Affective domain learning

Video communicates emotion well.

Role models and dramatization caninfluence attitudes, encourage desirablebehaviour.

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Interpersonal domain learning

Effective for building interaction andrelationship skills.

Can be done through demonstration, role

play, modeling, analysis. Recording of practice can be very useful.

Examples are conflict resolution,

teamwork, peer interaction, decision-making, research, intra-groupcommunication.

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Educational applications of video

Electronic field trips:- site cannot bevisited owing to risk, cost, distance,restricted access etc.

Documentary:- capture actual events andprocesses, situations and people.

Dramatization:-presentations of events

are made absorbing through drama e,g.modelling of attitudes, professionalconduct.

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Educationalapplications (contd)

Demonstrations of procedures andtechniques impractical in classroom or lab;that need to be viewed repeatedly; need to

be viewed at than normal speed. Simulation of normally invisible or hidden

technical operations/processes.

Illustration and analysis of issues orthemes re health, safety, environment,conservation etc.

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When to use video

In sum, use video to enhance learning by......learning to share ideas.

...learning about a process

...risk-free observation of events.

...dramatization.

...learning about skills for a task

...learning about others.

...problem solving

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Types of video

Video images converted from analog todigital for use in a computer.

Analog images are in the form of waves.

Digital images - binary form: 1s and 0s

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Analog is displayed via scans.

Digital via dots of varying colour and lightintensity.

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Digital video advantages

No loss of quality in editing, copying,storage, replay, transfer betweencomputers.

500 lines of resolution twice rate ofvideocassette.

Cheaper , easier recording, field or studio.

Can be edited on computer.

Varying replay speeds.

High speed transfer computer.

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Digital video formats

1. DVD (digital video disk).

2. Computer-based video HD stored

3. Internet video4. Compressed video

5. Streaming video

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1. DVD

Same size as CD; offers digital recordingand playback of full-motion video.

Can hold almost 9 hrs of video with highquality sound.

Random access, durable.

No distortion slow motion. No deterioration over time.

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2. Computer video

Can be used by both students andteachers.

Images captured can be processed and

stored on computer. Research content can be captured , edited

and presented to class and others.

Voice, other sound can be recorded andused.

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3. Internet video

Sites like Yahoo present news, sports andcultural items via video clips.

Some use compressed video record

selected parts of each frame i.e. those thatmove or change in some way.

Less data thus needs to be saved

resulting in smaller files. Video streaming is also used for Internet

video.

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5. Video streaming

Download of whole file not necessary toto start displaying.

Video starts playing when link selected.

Video delivered in packets just beforematerial is seen -(or heard - music sitesstream music constantly).

Content not stored on computerstreamed as soon as you select it andthen instantly erased.

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Analog video format

A videotape format, usually on videocassette.

Widely used for news, sports, and amateur

video. Tapes in 8mm, half-inch and mini-DV

sizes for different cameras.

Display via VCR+TV, projector + screen Not suitable for computer display, but can

be made digital i.e. digitized.

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Video features

Manipulation of time

Manipulation of space

Animation

Synchronized sound and motion

Colour (real life and simulated)

Inexpensive and random access (digital)

Cost effective storage (digital)

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Video advantages

Motion capability, compared to stills. Effective process display.

Risk-free observation.

Dramatization of human interaction. Skill learning via practice and observation.

Affective learning via emotional impact of

medium.

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Video advantages (Contd)

Problem solving by showing situations.

Share common experience by groupviewing.

Affective learning because of emotionalimpact of medium.

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Video limitations

Fixed pace and sequence(analog type). Not good for still visual study.

Can be misinterpreted by young learners.

Not ideal for abstract, non-visual content. Expense, skills needed for high quality.

Projection equipment still costly.

Suitable material not readily available.

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Evaluating video material

Before use, assess material in terms of

suitability for learners

match to lesson objectivesquality of content

technical features

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Evaluation areas

1. Introduction statement of aims,objectives and audience.

2. Development a)Topic coverage.

b) Programme pace and lengthc) Learning activities included.

d) Transitions and subtopics.

e) Purpose - instruct, inform, motivate

f) Review/summary at the end.

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Evaluation areas

3. Technical

Visuals communicate well.

Picture and sound quality acceptable. Convincing acting.

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The VIDEO Medium

Documents