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THE ROLE OF THE VILLAGE BUSINESS AGENCY
AS CREATIVE ECONOMIC IMPLEMENTATION IN ORDER OF COMMUNITY
EMPOWERMENT OF VILLAGES OF CAGAK ROAD
SUBANG DISTRICT WEST JAVA PROVINCE
I NYOMAN SUMARYADI, ROMI SAPUTRA
ABSTRACT
"Rule the Village And You Rule The Country“, an adage that inspired the authors to examine
the BUMDes Jalancagak. This study focuses the problem on: Role BUMDes Jalancagak in the
implementation of the Creative Economy; Attempts were made BUMDes Jalancagak; Constraints
BUMDes Running Jalancagak in business.
The method used is a method descriptively by inductive approach the author in the sample using
a sample set aims (purposive sampling). The data collection techniques through interviews,
questionnaires and documentation.
Based on the analysis we concluded that BUMDes Jalancagak has been cast as the
implementation of the creative economy in order to empower villagers Jalancagak accordance
with Regulation Subang District No. 14 Year 2007 on Guidelines for the Establishment BUMDes.
Credit management BUMDes Jalancagak use banking management, especially rural banks and
credit is the most desirable BUMDes business community. Low BUMDes human resource officer
is the main limiting factor BUMDes in business management.
The authors suggest that the role of BUMDes Jalancagak as the implementation Creative
Economy village-owned Jalancagak maintained and further improved, because of the benefits
BUMDes has been strengthening revenue village, so the village Jalancagak able to independently
finance the activities of the village in order to realize the improvement of living standards and
maintain preservation of customs and culture of the people in order to empower villagers
Jalancagak.
Keywords: Implementation, Creative Economy, Empowerment
PRELIMINARY
The enactment of Law Number 23 Year 2014 on
Regional Government, (State Gazette of the Republic
of Indonesia Year 2014 Number 244, Supplement to
the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia
Number 5587), several provisions in Law Number 23
Year 2014 regarding Regional Government have
been amended by Government Regulation The
Substitute of Law (PERPPU) Number 2 Year 2014
on the Amendment of Law Number 23 Year 2014 on
Regional Government, has automatically replaced
Law Number 32 Year 2004.
With the enactment of the Act it is clear
that the philosophy of diversity is in unity. The
philosophy of diversity in unity has consequences of
widespread autonomy, real and responsible.
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Similarly, granting autonomy to the village degan the
enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 About the Village
gives flexibility to organize and manage the interests
of the community. With the understanding that the
village has the authority to organize and manage the
interests of the community in accordance with local
socio-cultural conditions, the position of the village
that has native autonomy is so strategic that requires
a balanced attention to the implementation of
regional autonomy, because with strong village
autonomy will significantly affect the realization of
autonomy area.
In Law No. 6 of 2014, it is stipulated that
the rationale for governance of village governance is:
diversity, participation, indigenous autonomy,
democratization and community empowerment.
Empowering (empowering) according to Sadu
Wasistiono (2001: 71) is "an effort to make people,
groups or communities become more empowered so
as to manage their interests independently. What
should be underlined is to be more efficient and
manage their interests independently ".
In order to develop village autonomy, one
of the strategies pursued is through the provision of
sources of income. This strategy is based on the idea
that villages will not be able to run autonomy if they
do not have adequate funding sources (Autonomy
means Auto-money). Law Number 6 Year 2014,
especially Article 72 Paragraph (1) letter a which
reads "Village Income as referred to in Article 71
paragraph (2) comes from:
The original revenues of the Village consist of
business results, asset yields, self-reliance and
participation, mutual assistance, and other village
revenues; "This article has provided ample
opportunities for excavation of village income
sources. This is supported by the issuance of
Government Regulation No. 43 of 2014 concerning
the Regulation of Act No. 6 of 2014 on the Village,
Article 126 Paragraph (3) that "Village Community
Empowerment as referred to
villagemeetings, village social institutions, village
customary institutions, village BUMs, inter-village
cooperation bodies, village cooperation forums and
other community activity groups established to
support government and development activities in
general ".
Taking into account the nature of mutual
cooperation in community institutions in Subang
Regency to build the economy and life, before the
enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 About the Village,
Subang Regency Government has arranged the
formation of Village Owned Enterprises through
Regional Regulation Regional Regulation Subang
Regency Number 14 of 2007 on Guidelines for the
Establishment of Village Owned Enterprises
(BUMDes).
Jalancagak Village Owned Enterprises,
runs its function in the form of efforts towards the
potential utilization in the village, improving the
living standards of the village community and in its
activities support the development of the village as a
form of implementation of creative economy at the
village level.
The objectives of establishing a Village
Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) are:
1. To prevent members of the village community
from the effects of high-interest releases harmful
to society;
2. Increasing the role of Jalancagak villagers in
managing capital assistance from the
Government and Village Government and from
other legitimate sources;
3. Maintain and improve the customs of mutual
cooperation to love to order in an orderly,
organized, useful and sustainable manner;
4. Encouraging the growth and development of
economic activities of Jalancagak Village
communities;
5. Encouraging the development of informal
enterprises to absorb labor for the community in
Jalancagak Village;
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6. Enhance the entrepreneurial creativity of
members of the low-income village of
Kawunganten.
To achieve the intended objectives,
BUMDes undertakes the following efforts:
a. Financial Services Unit: savings and loans
b. Other Service Units: Village Electricity, Village
Telecommunication, River Crossing, Lake
Tourism, Rural Transportation, Management of
Training Center and Manpower Skill, Rental
Building, Waste Management.
c. Market Units: Village Market Management and /
or Traditional Markets, distributors of 9 (nine)
basic commodities, suppliers and suppliers of
saprodi, fertilizers and seedlings / farms,
livestock, fisheries, fish auction management.
d. And other economic activities of the village.
Based on the explanation and
understanding on the role of BUMDes, there are two
indicators in the role of BUMDes, among others:
1. The expected trend of the existence of
BUMDes In Desa Jalan Cagak;
2. BUMDes position in strengthening the
income of Desa Cagak Village.
The empowerment of Desa Cagak
Village according to Subang Regency Regulation No.
14/2007 concerning Guidelines on the Establishment
of Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) article 3 that
"The purpose of establishment of BUMDES, among
others:
a) Increase Rural Original Income in order to
improve the ability of the Village
Government in the administration of
Government and Development and public
services;
b) Developing economic potentials in rural
areas to encourage the development and
development of the overall economic
capacity of villagers;
c) Creating employment.
This regulation is one of a series of active efforts so
that the condition and existence of the village of Jalan
Cagak can be sustainable and more robust so as to
play a positive role in development. The concept of
empowering Desa Cagakan Street will not be
separated from the concept of preservation of
customs in the village. Preservation of the Village
Road Cagak is an effort to maintain and maintain the
values of cultural customs of Subang community
especially the ethical, moral and civilization values
that are the core customs and traditions of the
community of Subang for its existence is maintained
and continues.
Speaking of the empowerment of Desa
Cagak Village, there are three indicators in it:
Community participation of Jalancagak Village;
1. The role of Village Head and Village Device of
Jalancagak;
2. Village Independence in terms of Original
Revenue Village.
Village Owned EnterpriseJalanak
Jalancagak Street was established on December 9,
2008. After almost seven years, the funds managed
by BUMDES Jalancagak continue to grow.
BUMDES as a Jalancagak Village Owned Enterprise,
annually the profits earned are handed over to Desa
Cagak Village as a village development fund.
Furthermore, the village development fund is used to
improve the welfare of the village community
through development activities, both physical
development and to finance community activities in
the village.
In the implementation of village
households, is inseparable from the problem of
funding or financing the household budget.
Jalancagak village in financing the household budget
comes from the Jalancagak Village cash obtained
from the original income of Jalancagak Village.
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RESEARCH PROBLEMS
The research that has been implemented focuses on
the problems on 3 things, as follows:
1. How is the Role of Village Owned Enterprises
(BUMDES) Jalancagak in order to empower the
community of Jalancagak Village?
2. What efforts are carried out by BUMDES
Jalancagak as a creative economic
implementation in Jalancagak Village?
3. What are the obstacles faced by BUMDES
Jalancagak in carrying out its efforts?
RESEARCH METHODS
To apply scientific method in practice of research, it
is necessary to design a research that is adjusted to
the condition balanced with the in and dangkalnya
research in question. The author in this case using
Descriptive Method with Inductive Approach.
Nazir (1988: 63) states Understanding
Descriptive Method as follows:
A method of examining the status of a
group of people, an object, a set of conditions, a
system of thought or a class of events in the present.
This descriptive method aims to make description,
picture, or painting systematically, factually and
accurately about facts, nature and relationship
between phenomena being investigated.
While the Method of Inductive Thinking
by Faisal (2001: 7) is "the method of thinking where
the conclusions obtained from the results of induction
(the results of examining or gathering empirical facts)
then generalizations drawn which is a common trait".
In other words it is inductive to organize separate
facts or results into a generalization.
In this study took place in Jalancagak
Village Owned Enterprises, Jalancagak Subdistrict,
Subang Regency, West Java Province. In each study
the determination of data sources is very important
because the validity of the data obtained is very
dependent on data collection techniques that is from
relevant data. The data source can be understood as
the subject from which the data was obtained or the
subject to which the data is attached.
The data source consists of primary data
source and secondary data source.
Primary data is data obtained directly
from the field of respondents both population and
sample.
a. Population
Arikunto (1998: 115) puts the population
as "the whole subject of research" and in this study
the population is Pamasyarakatn Village Community
Tanjung Bungkak.
b. Sample
The author uses Purposive Sample in this
study, where according to Arikunto (1998: 117) that
"sample only certain people related to the problem
under study". The author only takes a portion of the
population that becomes the object of research
considered to represent the population. The samples
used in this research are differentiated on the way
data collection is used, namely Rusidi (1993: 64):
Informants are people who are able to explain
about other people or circumstances. Data
collection techniques used are interviews,
including village officials Jalancagak, Head of
BUMDes and officers and managers BUMDes
Jalancagak.
1. Respondents are people who can
explain about themselves. Data
collection techniques used were
questionnaires, covering the
Jalancagak Village community who
were both administrators and
customers at BUMdes and non-
customers, which amounted to 170
families or approximately 885
residents.
To determine the sample size of the
population is done by using the Slovin formula in
Husein Umar (2009: 78):
2Ne1
Nn
Information :
N = population size
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e = % inaccuracy due to faulty retrieval
sample of 10%
n = sample size
Based on the above formula can be
calculated the number of samples from the
community served as follows:
2Ne1
Nn
2 (0,1)8851
885n
89,84n (rounded) = 90 people
So based on the above calculation, the
number of samples of 93 people with the following
details:
a. Informant: 3 people
b. Respondents: 90 people
Secondary data is obtained from a second source or
not a writer's findings but derives from official
sources made by the authorities. Examples are
documents, archives, statements, information, and
literature books that help complete the data in this
study.
Data collection techniques used are
divided into two: literature study and field research.
In the literature study the researchers studied
literature references and legislation relevant to the
theme of the study. This research is field research
(Field Research), that is researcher directly conduct
research in location of research object. Data
collection is done by technique:
Understanding the interview according to
Nazir (2008: 234), is:
Interview is the process of obtaining information for
the purpose of research by means of question and
answer while face to face between the questioner or
the interviewer by using a tool called interview guide
(interview quide).
Interviews are conducted by way of coming and
holding direct or face-to-face communication with
some of the respondents, who are deemed necessary
to obtain complete data or information.
According to Arikunto (1998: 139) the
questionnaire is "a number of written questions used
to obtain information, in the sense of a report about
his personality, or things he knows."
While Nazir (1988: 245) states that "this
questionnaire or questionnaire is often called a
questionnaire".
In this study documentation is necessary
for data collection by recording and viewing data in
any form from documents available closely to the
object of research.
Data analysis techniques used in this
study carried out qualitative, namely by way of
analysis of data and information collected in depth
and thorough. According to this qualitative analysis
sought the relationship between existing phenomena
based on data that has been collected and based on
the theoretical basis on which the analysis is based.
Analyzing the data in this research is done through
the following steps Nasution (2002: 129):
a. Data reduction
That is data that has been obtained in the field in the
form of detailed descriptions and reports while
analyzed. Reduced data provides a clear picture of
the results of the observation, also makes it easier to
search for Western data obtained when necessary.
b. Display Data
Namely the data obtained are made in the form of
tables in order to assess the overall picture,
furthermore to facilitate in making the right
conclusions.
c. Drawing Conclusions from Verification
To draw conclusions from each data obtained from
the original then verify the conclusion.
In analyzing the data from the results of
questionnaires that are quantitative, the authors use
the calculation of the average value. To determine the
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average value, the data collected from respondents
(in the form of answers to the questionnaire) which
has 3 (three) categories of answers used ordinal scale
or tiered scale where something more or less than
others.
To find the average value then the value
obtained is from the product times between the score
with the frequency of respondents' answers divided
by the total number of respondents.
To calculate the data from the
questionnaire results first determined the score for
each answer as follows:
1. Answer a with value 3
2. Answer a with value 2
3. Answer a with value 1
Then to know or determine the categories
of respondents' answers from each indicator pertained
good, enough or less then first determined the
interval scale. According to Nazir (1988: 445) that:
K
RI
Description: I = interval
R = range / measurement distance
K = number of classes
So the interval scale:
I = 0,66
3
2
3
13
So obtained the following criteria:
a. Good category: 2,34 - 3,00
b. Medium category: 1.67 - 2.33
c. Low category: 1.00 - 1.66
THE ORETICAL BASIS
A. Understanding Roles
The role according to Grass, Mason and MC Eachern
cited in David Bery's book of principles in sociology
by David Bery (1995: 100) defines "the role of a
device of hope imposed on individuals or groups
occupying certain social positions." While put
forward by Soekanto (2002: 243), that "role (role) is
dynamic aspect of status (status), if someone execute
rights and obligations according to its position, then
he run a role".
Role means selling, acting. In a large Indonesian
dictionary the role is the behavioral device expected
to be possessed by people domiciled in society
(E.St.Harahap, et.al, 2007: 854) Whereas the
meaning of roles described in Status, Position and
Role in society can be explained through several the
first, the historical explanation. According to
historical explanations, the concept of the original
role was borrowed from circles who had close
relationships with drama or theater that flourished in
ancient or Roman times. In this case, the role means
the character carried or performed by an actor in a
stage with a particular play. Second, understanding
the role according to social science.
Based on the above two terms, the role is a device of
expectations imposed on individuals or groups to
exercise the rights and obligations that must be
implemented by the role holder as expected by the
community. Everyone has various roles that come
from the patterns of intercourse of his life. It also
means that the role of determining what he does for
the community and what opportunities the
community or society has given him.
A. Understanding BUMDES
In Law No. 6 of 2014 it is mandated that in
increasing the income of villagers and villages, the
village government can establish a Village Owned
Enterprise (BUMDes) in accordance with village
needs and potentials. In terms of planning and
formation, BUMDes is built on initiatives (initiation
of the community), and is based on cooperative,
participatory and emancipatory principles, with two
underlying principles, namely member base and self
help. This is important given that the professional
management of BUMDes is based on the willingness
of the community (member base), as well as the
ability of each member to be self-sufficient in
meeting their basic needs (self help), both for the
benefit of production (as producer) and consumption
( as a consumer) should be done professionally and
independently, Rahardjo and Ludigdo (2006, pp. 84).
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As mentioned above that the establishment of the
Village Owned Enterprise because it has been
mandated that in increasing the income of the
community and village, the village government can
establish a village-owned enterprise. The pillar of
BUMDes is a socio-economic institution which is
really capable of being a commercial institution
capable of competing outside the village. BUMDes
as the economic institution of the people of
commercial institutions, first of all in favor of the
fulfillment of the needs (productive and
consumptive) of society is through the distribution
service of the provision of goods and services. This is
manifested in the provision of community needs that
are not burdensome (such as: cheaper price and easy
to get it) and profitable. In this case, BUMDes as a
Commercial institution, still pay attention to
efficiency and effectiveness in the activities of real
sector and financial institution (valid as MFI),
Rahardjo and Ludigdo (2006, p.84).
Key Features BUMDes with other Commercial
Economy Institutions, as follows:
1. This business entity is owned by the
village and co-managed together
The capital is sourced from the
village by 51% and from the
community by 49% through equity
capital (Shares or share)
Operationalization using a business
philosophy rooted in local culture
Fields of business run on the basis
of potential and market information
Benefits gained are demonstrated to
increase the member's (capital and
equity) capital through village
policies Facilitated by Provincial
Government, District Government
and Village Government.
2. Operationalization is jointly
controlled by BPD, Village
Government and Member) BUMDes
as an economic capital enterprise
institution built on community
initiative and adheres to an
independent principle. This means the
fulfillment of venture capital of
BUMDes must be sourced from the
community. However, it is possible
that BUMDes can apply for capital
loans to external parties, such as from
the Village Government or other
parties, even through third parties.
This is in accordance with legislation
(Law 6 of 2014 on Villages). This
explanation is very important to
prepare the establishment of
BUMDes, because the implication
will be in contact with the regulation
in the Regional Regulation (Perda)
and the Village Regulation (Perdes).
The purpose of establishment of BUMDes, is as
follows:
1. Improving the Village Economy
2. Increase Original Village Income
3. Improve management of village potentials in
accordance with community needs
4. Become the backbone of growth and equity
of village economy
Establishment and management of Village
Owned Enterprises is a manifestation of the
management of the village's productive
economy undertaken in a Cooperative,
Participatory, Emancipative, Transparent,
Accountable and Sustanian manner.
Therefore, serious efforts are needed to
make the management of Village Owned
Enterprise can run independently,
effectively, efficiently and professionally.
In order to achieve the objective of BUMDes is done
by fulfilling the needs (Productive and Consumptive)
of the community through the service of goods and
services that dikelolah by the community and village
government. This institution is also required to
provide services to non members (parties outside the
Village) by placing prices and services according to
market standards. This means that there is a mutually
agreed institutional mechanism, so as not to cause a
rural economic disorder caused by BUMDes effort. It
is stated in the law that BUMDes can be established
in accordance with village needs and potentials. What
is meant by "village needs and potential" are:
a. The needs of the community, especially in
the fulfillment of basic needs;
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Available village resources that have not been
utilized optimally, especially the village's wealth
and there is demand in the market;
Available human resources capable of managing
business entities as assets driving the community
economy;
b. The existence of business units that are
economic activities
Community residents managed partially and less
accommodated; BUMDes is a vehicle to run a
business in the village. What is meant by "village
business" is a type of business covering village
economic services such as: financial services
business, land and water transportation services,
village electricity, and other similar businesses;
c. Distribution of nine basic economic goods
of the village;
Trading of agricultural products includes food
crops, plantations, livestock, fisheries, and
agribusiness; Industry and people's crafts.
d. The involvement of the village government
as the biggest shareholder of BUMDes or as
a co-founder of the community is expected
to be able to meet the Minimum Service
Standards (SPM), which is manifested in the
form of protection (protection) of adverse
interventions from third parties (both inside
and outside the village). Similarly, village
governments play a role in the formation of
BUMDes as legal entities based on the
prevailing rules of law, as well as in
accordance with agreements established in
village communities. Settings
With regard to planning and establishment,
BUMDes is built on community initiatives,
and based on cooperative, participatory,
user-owned, user-benefited, and user-
controlled principles, transparency,
emancipation, accountability and sustainable
with member-base and self-help
mechanisms. Of all that is important is that
the management of BUMDes must be done
professionally and independently.
BUMDes is a pillar of economic activity in the
village that serves as a social institution (social
institution) and commercial (commercial institution).
BUMDes as a social institution side with the interest
of the community through its contribution in the
provision of social services. While as a commercial
institution aims to seek profits through the supply of
local resources (goods and services) to the market. In
carrying out its business the principle of efficiency
and effectiveness must always be emphasized.
BUMDes as a legal entity, established based on the
prevailing laws and regulations, and in accordance
with the agreement developed in the village
community. Thus, the form of BUMDes can be
diverse in every village in Indonesia. This variety of
forms corresponds to the local characteristics,
potentials, and resources of each village. Further
regulation on BUMDes is regulated through a
Regional Regulation (Perda). As stated in Law
Number 6 Year 2014 on the Village that the purpose
of establishing BUMDes is, among others, in the
framework of increasing the village's original income
(PADesa). Therefore, each Village Government may
establish a Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). But
it is important to realize that BUMDes are founded
on community initiatives based on potentials that can
be developed using local resources and there is
market demand. In other words, the establishment of
BUMDes is not an instructional package coming
from the Government, provincial government, or
district government. If that is so worsened BUMDes
will run not as mandated in the law.
The task and role of the Government is to
socialize and raise awareness to the village
community through the provincial and / or district
governments on the importance of BUMDes for the
improvement of the people's welfare. Through the
village government the community is motivated,
awakened and prepared to build its own life. The
Government facilitates in the form of education and
training and other fulfillment that can facilitate the
establishment of BUMDes.
Furthermore, the operational mechanism is
left entirely to the village community. To that end,
the village community needs to be prepared in
advance in order to receive new ideas about
economic institutions that have two functions namely
social and commercial. By sticking to the
characteristics of the village and living and respected
values. The most appropriate preparation, therefore,
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is centered on socialization, education and training to
stakeholders on improving the living standards of
rural communities (Village Governments, BPDs,
community leaders / ethnic leaders, rural institutional
leaders).
In this way it is hoped that the existence of
BUMDes can encourage the dynamics of economic
life in the countryside. The role of village
government is to build relationships with the
community to realize the fulfillment of minimum
service standards (SPM), as part of community
development efforts (development based community)
more empowered village.
A. Creative Economy
There are many economic terms, we may
often hear the term of creative economy and creative
industry. This term is often used in modern economic
education or business executives today. There are
many creative economy businesses that are often
occupied by entrepreneurs. Previously we esti know
the definition of the creative economy. The creative
economy is a concept in a new economic era that
intensifies information and creativity by relying on
the idea and breadth of knowledge from Human
Resources (HR) as the main production factor in its
economic activities.
Based on wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia, the creative economy is a concept in a
new economic era that intensifies information and
creativity by relying on the idea and knowledge of
human resources as the main factor of production.
This concept will usually be supported by the
existence of the creative industry that became its
embodiment.
Over time, economic development to the level of
creative economy after some time before, the world is
faced with the concept of information economy in
which information becomes the main thing in
economic development.
B. Community Empowerment
The terms "empowerment" and
"empower" are translated into empowering and
empowering languages, according to merriam
webster and oxfort english dictionery (in prijono and
pranarka, 1996: 3) contain two notions: first sense is
to give power or authority to, and second sense
means to give ability to or enable. in the first sense is
defined as giving power, diverting power or
delegating authority to another party. is in the second
sense, defined as an attempt to provide the ability or
empowerment.
The concept of empowerment is basically
an effort to make a fair and civilized humanity
become more structurally effective, both in family
life, society, state, regional, international, as well as
in politics, economy and others. empowering the
society according to kartasasmita (1996: 144) is an
effort to improve the dignity of society in the present
condition is not able to escape from poverty trap and
backwardness.
The community empowerment is a
concept of economic development that encapsulates
social values. this concept reflects a new paradigm of
development, which is "people-centered,
participatory, empowering, and sustainable. The idea
of development that prioritizes community
empowerment needs to be understood as a process of
transformation in the social, economic, cultural, and
political relations of society. the expected structural
change is a naturally occurring process, which
produces and should be shared. so also seJawa
Baratknya, who enjoy must be the produce. this
process is directed so that every effort of community
empowerment can increase the capacity of the
community (capacity building) through the creation
of capital accumulation that comes from surplus
produced, which in turn can also create income which
finally enjoyed by all people. and this process of
transpormation must be mobilized by the community
itself.
According to sumodiningrat (1999: 134),
said that the wisdom of community empowerment in
general can be divided into three groups: first, the
policy that indirectly leads to the target but provides
the basis for achieving an atmosphere that supports
the socio-economic activities of the community.
secondly, a policy that directly leads to increased
economic activity of the target group. third, the
specific policy that reaches the poor through special
efforts. Implementation of community empowerment,
according to kartasasmita (1996: 159-160), should be
done through several activities: first, create an
atmosphere or climate that allows the potential of
developing communities (enabling). second,
strengthen the potential or power possessed by the
community (empowering). third, empowering also
International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management 15th
December 2017. Vol.58 No.1
© 2012-2017 JITBM & ARF. All rights reserved
ISSN 2304-0777 www.jitbm.com
17
contains the meaning of protecting. herein lies the
point of departure that is the recognition of every
human being, every member of society, has a
potential that can always be developed. that is to say,
no society is utterly powerless, because then it will
easily become extinct.
Empowerment is an effort that must be
followed by still strengthening the potential or power
that is owned by every society. in order that it also
takes more positive steps other than creating a
climate and atmosphere. This reinforcement includes
concrete steps and involves the provision of inputs
and open access to opportunities that can make
people more empowered.
RESEARCH RESULT
To know the response of the Village
Community to the existence and role of BUMDES
Jalancagakdalam improve the economy of
Pamasyarakatn Village can be seen in the following
the fact and data analysis its shows the villagers'
assessment that BUMDES Jalancagak has a
significant role in improving the economy and
development of Jalancagak Village. The existence of
BUMDES has been able to realize the independence
of the Village in exploring the sources of income
Village. So that the village is able to finance the
implementation of village activities both religious
and customary activities without having to draw
contributions from the village community.
BUMDES Jalancagak position in Strengthening
Village Revenue
Village Revenue is used to finance the following
activities:
1. Implementation of administration and meeting of
village officials and village communities;
2. Development in the mental-spiritual field;
3. Guidance in order to assist in the development of
village businesses;
4. Assist development.
Village Community Participation in Village
Empowerment
Empowerment is a series of active efforts
that are closely related to the issue of potential
development of individuals or communities so as to
manage their interests independently. Community
empowerment according to Gunawan Sumodiningrat
in Nopirin (2012: 19) is as follows:
1. Preferably or prioritize those most in need;
2. Preparing for people who are prioritized in an
equalizing effort (Level Playing Field);
3. Protecting all development actors, especially the
priority-empowered community.
Village Empowerment will never be
separated from the problem of empowering the
village community itself. Because the village
community is a subject that plays an important role in
the process of village development.
Village Empowerment is a series of active efforts to
ensure the condition and the existence of village can
be sustainable and stronger so that it plays a positive
role in development. This conservation effort aims to
maintain and preserve the values of cultural customs
of West Java community, especially ethical, moral,
and civilization which is the core of customs and
traditions of the people of West Java in order to keep
its existence awake and continue.
Based on the data analysis in the field
shows that in the life of Jalancagak villagers the
Village Community's understanding of village
empowerment is still low because it has not been
widely socialized in the community. This is because
the concept of village empowerment is still new,
starting in 2014 so it needs to be further socialized by
both Subang Regency and Village management.
In accordance with the responses of
respondents in the research data, indicating that the
village community feel confident that they will be
involved in village empowerment. The excellent
response from the village community can be
concluded that although the village community
seldom hears and does not understand the concept of
village empowerment but the village community is
aware that they have an important role and will be
actively involved in empowerment, conservation and
development in Jalancagak Village. Because so far
these activities have never been separated from the
participation of the Village Community.
The role of Jalancagak Village employees
The role of village officials in the
empowerment of the village, especially the existence
of BUMDES Jalancagak is to carry out the village
gempur. In the village gempur arranged about the
International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management 15th
December 2017. Vol.58 No.1
© 2012-2017 JITBM & ARF. All rights reserved
ISSN 2304-0777 www.jitbm.com
18
existence of BUMDES as a container of village
wealth that has the potential to improve the economy
of the Village Community. The Village Officer is
entitled to supervise the management of BUMDES's
business through the establishment of the
Supervisory Board, since his position is chaired by
the Chairman of the Adat while the members are
three persons representing the Village Community.
Supervision on the performance of BUMDES
Jalancagak is internally conducted by the Village
Community through the Employees and Supervisory
Board that has been formed, while external
supervision is done by the Regional Development
Bank (BPD) of West Java and PBUMDES Kota
Subang as technical coaches BUMDES. Reports as
mentioned above are mandatory, meaning that if
BUMDES is negligent in carrying out its obligations
then BUMDES especially the board will be subject to
sanctions such as removal from office.
Village Independence from Jalancagak Village
Revenue Sources
One indicator of a village's ability is the
ability of the village to explore the sources of village
income so that the village can afford to finance its
activities without having to collect contributions from
the community and ask for help from the
government. To know the income of Jalancagak
Village and from which sources the income is
obtained, among Jalancagak Village income sources
that routinely support the village's original income
are as follows:
1. Development fund from BUMDES.
Jalancagak Village Revenues from 2012 to
2016 show that 77.8% comes from
development funds that constitute a balance
of 20% of BUMDES's profit annually;
2. Interest on savings. It shows that 11.1% of
Pamasyarakatn Jalancagak village revenues
are obtained from the excess funds saved by
the village in BUMDES Jalancagak;
3. Other legitimate revenues, obtained from
trade dues from the Village Mini Market of
2.26%, donation donations 4.3% and 1.4%
of village-owned tourism shops.
The result of the analysis shows that the
biggest income of Jalancagak Village is derived from
BUMDES business result in the development fund
which is submitted annually by BUMDES. The
second source of income is obtained from the
voluntary saving interest of the village. The data in
the table does not show the existence of Community
Revenue fee means BUMDES Jalancagak has been
able to realize the independence of the Village in
digging the sources of income Village.
Government Assistance West Java
Province and the Government of Subang to
Jalancagak Village is a form of coaching fund. This
means that the village is expected to be able to
independently explore the original sources of income
of the Village, without always being dependent on
government assistance. Help only once, but able to
create an independent village.
The businesses of BUMDES Jalancagak
BUMDES as a financial institution
belonging to Jalancagak Village as well as a
container of village wealth, has special characteristics
that distinguish with other financial institutions. The
difference lies mainly in the business activities of
BUMDES whose source of financing depends on the
funds of the Community. Understanding the effort
according to the General Dictionary of Indonesian
Language is "activities by mobilizing energy, mind or
body to achieve a purpose, work, (deed, initiative,
effort, effort) to achieve something".
The activities of BUMDES Jalancagak
In running its business as a Village
Owned Enterprise, BUMDES daily activities will not
be separated from the financial field. Just like other
financial institutions, BUMDES activities can be
simply said to serve all the needs of its customers.
Customers come and go as buyers of services as well
as sellers of services offered.
Until now the banking activities undertaken by
BUMDes Jalancagak are as follows:
A. Collecting Funds from Villagers
1. Saving Deposit,
Namely deposits in BUMDES
withdrawals can be made according to the agreement
International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management 15th
December 2017. Vol.58 No.1
© 2012-2017 JITBM & ARF. All rights reserved
ISSN 2304-0777 www.jitbm.com
19
between BUMDES with the customer and
withdrawal by using withdrawal slip and passbook.
One of the breakthroughs conducted by BUMDES
Jalancagak to raise the funds of Village Community
is done by issuing family saving package
(PAKTAGA). PAKTAGA is a savings package with
very low initial deposit amount starting from Rp
5.000,00 (five thousand rupiah) up to Rp
1,000,000.00 (one million rupiah) per month. With a
period of between 1 and 15 years. This program is
expected to educate the community to set aside some
of its income for the needs at a time.
Another breakthrough is to require the
Debtors (Credit Borrowers) to become customers of
Savings BUMDES. The amount of the mandatory
savings is at least 1% of the principal amount of the
loan or credit, but without interest.
In addition to the Family Savings and compulsory
savings packages, BUMDES Jalancagak also serves
the Village Community with Voluntary Savings. Low
initial deposit of Rp 10.000,00 (ten thousand rupiahs)
with interest rate of 1% per month, Voluntary Saving
is expected to attract the Village Community to save
their money in BUMDES Jalancagak
.
2.Deposits,
Represents deposits in BUMDES
withdrawal in accordance with maturity (maturity)
and can be withdrawn with a certificate of deposit.
The ability to collect funds by BUMDES Jalancagak
can be seen from the number of customers, either as a
compulsory savings account, voluntary savings or
time deposit customers (deposits).
Based on the results of the correspondent
in the field can be concluded that the village
community put a high enough confidence in the
existence of BUMDES, and BUMDES able to
guarantee the money they save in BUMDES either in
the form of savings and deposits. The result of the
analysis is able to explain the table that 4568
customers in the year 2014 exceeded the population
of Jalancagak Village, meaning BUMDES not only
able to attract the trust of the Village Community but
also able to convince people around Jalancagak
Village.
B. Disbursing Funds to the Community
1. Working Capital Loan
BUMDES Jalancagak distributes short-
term working capital loans to ornamental plants
sellers who are mostly migrants from Java. It is
hoped that this credit will help to develop the efforts
of the Village Community and migrant communities
living in Jalancagak Village.
2. Trade Credit
That is the credit given to the merchant
either the agents or retailers in the tour around
Subang regency. Most of these trade credits are used
by plastic bag sellers and grocery sellers who are
mostly migrants.
3. Consumer Credit
Credit used for consumption expenses or
for personal use. The village community of
Jalancagaksebagai as the largest debtors of this
credit, using BUMDES loan assistance to meet the
needs of the family, in addition the Village
Community utilize this credit to buy goods that can
support daily activities such as motorcycles and for
the cost of education.
4. Productive Loans
The productive credit customers in
BUMDES Jalancagak usually use the credit to
facilitate their business in the service sector ie
tourism transportation. The majority of Jalancagak
Village people depend on the tourism sector. To
facilitate the service in the field of tourism is a lot of
established tourism and villa stalls, which are usually
managed by the Village Community.
The obstacles faced by BUMDES Jalancagak in
running its business
The multi dimensional crisis at the end of
2014 has the most significant impact on the people of
West Java whose economic resources are based on
the tourism sector. BUMDES as an economic
institution at the village level that is engaged in
financial services is also not spared from the impact.
Competition with other banking
institutions around Jalancagak Village area such as
the existence of Rural Bank (BPR) and local private
Bank, is one of the factors inhibiting BUMDES
Jalancagak in running its business. However
BUMDES Jalancagak must still uphold
sportsmanship so that there will be a healthy
competition between BUMDES with the banking
institution.
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December 2017. Vol.58 No.1
© 2012-2017 JITBM & ARF. All rights reserved
ISSN 2304-0777 www.jitbm.com
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The main obstacle factor in the
management of BUMDES Jalancagak based on the
interview with the Chairman of BUMDES is the low
quality of human resources officers, it is concluded
that the average level of education officer BUMDES
Jalancagak is at SMU level. This means that the field
of science BUMDES Jalancagak officers are still
general so it can not perform the task professionally.
Efforts by BUMDES Jalancagak In Overcoming
Obstacles
The effort of BUMDES Jalancagak to
overcome the obstacles of low quality of personnel
human resources is by improving the quality of
service through training and coaching both organized
by the Provincial Government of West Java as
technical coaches, BUMDES Kabupaten
(PBUMDESK) and BUMDES Provincial
(PBUMDESP) coach, so BUMDES officers are able
to run tasks professionally.
From the results of the interview can be
seen that the type of training that followed BUMDES
Jalancagak in the form of technical training,
especially related to management training BUMDES
management. The active party providing training and
coaching is the Government of Subang through
PBUMDESK, the Government of West Java
Province through PBUMDESP and West Java
Regional Development Bank. From the number of
representatives submitted by BUMDES for training
and coaching, it is seen that BUMDES is very
enthusiastic to improve the quality of its personnel
through training and coaching.
Increasing the quality of human resources
officers BUMDES Jalancagak significantly also will
affect the quality of services provided. Due to the
quality of good human resources will affect the
performance of BUMDES officers so as to manage
their business professionally. The increasing quality
of services provided by BUMDES Jalancagak, the
community will be more trust in BUMDES so
BUMDES Jalancagak will be able to compete with
other banking institutions.
Meanwhile, to overcome the economic
downturn of West Java is inseparable from the role of
government both the Government of West Java
Province and the Government of Subang City to
immediately take recovery measures, especially in
the tourism sector. However most of the Jalancagak
Village Community livelihoods in the service sector,
especially tourism, where the weak economy of
society will also affect the business BUMDES. One
effort that can be done by the Government to
immediately restore the economy of West Java is to
conduct investment advertising and socialization of
tourism to all over the archipelago and foreign
countries.
CONCLUSION
1. From the results of the research data analysis can
be concluded that shows the assessment of
villagers against BUMDES Jalancagak have a
big enough role in improving the economy and
development of Jalancagak Village. The
existence of BUMDES has been able to realize
the independence of the Village in exploring the
sources of income Village. So that the village is
able to finance the implementation of village
activities both religious and customary activities
without having to draw contributions from the
village community.
2. The efforts undertaken by the Village Owned
Enterprises will not be separated from the
financial sector, among others: 1. Collecting
Funds from the Villages, 2. Saving Deposit, 3.
Deposits Deposit, 4. Disbursing Funds to the
Community through: a. Working Capital Loan,
b. Trade Credit, c. Consumer Credit, d.
Productive Loans;
3. The main factor that hampers BUMDes efforts in
achieving the objectives is the low quality of
human resources officers. And efforts to
overcome obstacles is through training and
coaching programs provided by Subang Regency
Government and West Java Provincial
Government.
SUGGESTION
Based on the conclusions that have been described
above, the suggestions that can be given by the
research team are as follows:
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© 2012-2017 JITBM & ARF. All rights reserved
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1. BUMDes Jalancagak should be able to optimize
its role in realizing the independence of Desa
Pakraman through the strengthening of the
sources of income Village and the efforts
undertaken must remain oriented to improve
living standards of village communities
2. Credit disbursement should pay attention to
crediting procedures so that the credit disbursed
is not misplaced due to KKN practices between
BUMDes officers and the applicant as this will
increase the risk of non-performing loans.
3. In the face of the problems that occur and the
increasingly sharp competition, BUMDes should
take the following steps:
a. Trying to take advantage of the existing
opportunities that mean migrant
communities living around the Jalancagak
Village neighborhood are potential assets for
lending because most of them have
livelihoods as ornamental plants sellers and
tourist stalls requiring enough capital to run
their businesses;
b. Always strive to improve the quality of
personnel HR through training to achieve
effective and efficient produtivitas work.
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