The Printing PressThe Printing PressThe Printing PressThe Printing Press, Johann Gutenberg invented printing
press with moveable type (Mainz) mid 15c
, precursors: rise of schools & literacy (demand for books); invention of cheap paper
, by 1500, printing presses running in more than 200 cities in Europe
, What effect did the printing press have on the Renaissance and its people?, rulers in church & state now had to deal with
more educated, critical public; also powerful tool of religious/political propaganda
Renaissance Art in Renaissance Art in Northern EuropeNorthern Europe
Renaissance Art in Renaissance Art in Northern EuropeNorthern Europe
, Should not be considered an appendage to Italian art.
, But, Italian influence was strong., The differences between the two cultures:
Italy change was inspired by humanism with its emphasis on the revival of the values of classical antiquity.
No. Europe change was driven by religious reform, the return to Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the Church.
, More princes & kings were patrons of artists.
Characteristics of Northern Characteristics of Northern Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
Characteristics of Northern Characteristics of Northern Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
, The continuation of late medieval attention to details.
, Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the “classical ideal”].
, Interest in landscapes., More emphasis on middle-class
and peasant life., Great skill in portraiture.
ErasmusErasmusErasmusErasmus, Desiderius
Erasmusmost influential northern humanist
, Educational and religious reformer
, In Adages, popular expressions like “Leave no stone unturned” and “Where there is smoke, there is fire.”
, The study of the classics and the Bible was the way to form individuals and society
Van Eyck -Van Eyck -Adoration of the Adoration of the LambLamb, , Ghent Altarpiece, 1432Ghent Altarpiece, 1432Van Eyck -Van Eyck -Adoration of the Adoration of the
LambLamb, , Ghent Altarpiece, 1432Ghent Altarpiece, 1432
Van Eyck:Van Eyck:
The The CrucifixionCrucifixion
&&
The Last The Last JudgmentJudgment 1420-14251420-1425
Van Eyck:Van Eyck:
The The CrucifixionCrucifixion
&&
The Last The Last JudgmentJudgment 1420-14251420-1425
Giovanni Giovanni Arnolfini Arnolfini and His and His
WifeWife
(Wedding (Wedding Portrait)Portrait)
Jan Van Jan Van
EyckEyck
14341434
Jan van EyckJan van Eyck - Giovanni - Giovanni Arnolfini & His WifeArnolfini & His Wife
(details)(details)
Jan van EyckJan van Eyck - Giovanni - Giovanni Arnolfini & His WifeArnolfini & His Wife
(details)(details)
Rogier van der Weyden Rogier van der Weyden (1399-1464)(1399-1464)
Rogier van der Weyden Rogier van der Weyden (1399-1464)(1399-1464)
The The DepositioDepositio
nn
1435 1435
van der Weyden’s van der Weyden’s DepositionDeposition (details) (details)van der Weyden’s van der Weyden’s
DepositionDeposition (details) (details)
Quentin Massys (1465-Quentin Massys (1465-1530)1530)
Quentin Massys (1465-Quentin Massys (1465-1530)1530)
, Belonged to the humanist circle in Antwerp that included Erasmus.
, Influenced by da Vinci.
, Thomas More called him “the renovator of the old art.”
, The Ugly Dutchess, 1525-1530
Massys’ Massys’ The Moneylender & The Moneylender & His WifeHis Wife, 1514, 1514
Massys’ Massys’ The Moneylender & The Moneylender & His WifeHis Wife, 1514, 1514
Jean Clouet – Jean Clouet – Portrait of Portrait of Francis IFrancis I, 1525, 1525
Jean Clouet – Jean Clouet – Portrait of Portrait of Francis IFrancis I, 1525, 1525
The School of The School of FontainebleauFontainebleauThe School of The School of FontainebleauFontainebleau
, Gallery [right] by Rosso Fiorentino & Francesco Primaticcio
, 1528-1537
Germain Pilon (1525-1590)Germain Pilon (1525-1590)Germain Pilon (1525-1590)Germain Pilon (1525-1590)
, The Deposition of Christ, Bronze, 1580-1585.
Lucas Cranach the Elder Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553)(1472-1553)
Lucas Cranach the Elder Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553)(1472-1553)
, Court painter at Wittenberg from 1505-1553.
, His best portraits were of Martin Luther (to the left).
Lucas Cranach the ElderLucas Cranach the ElderLucas Cranach the ElderLucas Cranach the Elder
Old Man with a Young Old Man with a Young WomanWoman
Amorous Old Woman with Amorous Old Woman with a Young Mana Young Man
Matthias Grünewald’s Matthias Grünewald’s The The CrucifixionCrucifixion, 1502, 1502
Matthias Grünewald’s Matthias Grünewald’s The The CrucifixionCrucifixion, 1502, 1502
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), The greatest of
German artists., A scholar as well as
an artist., His patron was the
Emperor Maximilian I., Also a scientist
Wrote books on geometry, fortifications, and human proportions.
, Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.
, Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.
Dürer – Dürer – Self-Portrait in Fur-Self-Portrait in Fur-Collared RobeCollared Robe, 1500, 1500Dürer – Dürer – Self-Portrait in Fur-Self-Portrait in Fur-Collared RobeCollared Robe, 1500, 1500
Dürer Dürer
The Last The Last SupperSupper
woodcut, woodcut, 15101510
Dürer Dürer
The Last The Last SupperSupper
woodcut, woodcut, 15101510
Durer – Durer – The Triumphal ArchThe Triumphal Arch, , 1515-15171515-1517
Durer – Durer – The Triumphal ArchThe Triumphal Arch, , 1515-15171515-1517
Dürer Dürer
FourFourHorsemenHorsemen
of theof theApocalypsApocalyps
ee
woodcut, woodcut, 14981498
Dürer Dürer
FourFourHorsemenHorsemen
of theof theApocalypsApocalyps
ee
woodcut, woodcut, 14981498
Hans Holbein, the Younger Hans Holbein, the Younger (1497-1543)(1497-1543)
Hans Holbein, the Younger Hans Holbein, the Younger (1497-1543)(1497-1543)
, One of the great German artists who did most of his work in England.
, While in Basel, he befriended Erasmus. Erasmus Writing, 1523
, Henry VIII was his patron
from 1536., Great portraitist noted
for: Objectivity &
detachment. Doesn’t conceal the
weaknesses of his subjects.
Artist to the TudorsArtist to the TudorsArtist to the TudorsArtist to the Tudors
Henry VIII (left), 1540 Henry VIII (left), 1540 and the future Edward and the future Edward VI (above), 1543.VI (above), 1543.
Holbein’s, Holbein’s, The The AmbassadorsAmbassadors, 1533, 1533
Holbein’s, Holbein’s, The The AmbassadorsAmbassadors, 1533, 1533
A SkullA Skull
Multiple PerspectivesMultiple PerspectivesMultiple PerspectivesMultiple Perspectives
The English Were More The English Were More Interested in Architecture Interested in Architecture
than Paintingthan Painting
The English Were More The English Were More Interested in Architecture Interested in Architecture
than Paintingthan Painting
Hardwick Hall, designed by Robert Smythson in the Hardwick Hall, designed by Robert Smythson in the 1590s, for the Duchess of Shrewsbury [more 1590s, for the Duchess of Shrewsbury [more
medieval in style].medieval in style].
Burghley House for William Burghley House for William CecilCecil
Burghley House for William Burghley House for William CecilCecil
The largest & grandest house The largest & grandest house of the early Elizabethan era.of the early Elizabethan era.
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Tower of BabelTower of Babel, , 15631563
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Tower of BabelTower of Babel, , 15631563
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Mad MegMad Meg, 1562, 1562Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Mad MegMad Meg, 1562, 1562
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, The BeggarsThe Beggars, , 15681568
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, The BeggarsThe Beggars, , 15681568
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Parable of the Parable of the Blind Leading the BlindBlind Leading the Blind, 1568, 1568
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Parable of the Parable of the Blind Leading the BlindBlind Leading the Blind, 1568, 1568
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Niederlandisch ProverbsProverbs, 1559, 1559
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Niederlandisch ProverbsProverbs, 1559, 1559
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, The Triumph of The Triumph of DeathDeath, 1562, 1562
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, The Triumph of The Triumph of DeathDeath, 1562, 1562
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Hunters in the Hunters in the SnowSnow, 1565, 1565
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Hunters in the Hunters in the SnowSnow, 1565, 1565
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Winter SceneWinter Scene, , 15651565
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Winter SceneWinter Scene, , 15651565
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, The HarvestersThe Harvesters, , 15651565
Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, The HarvestersThe Harvesters, , 15651565