Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
1
SYLLABUS
FOR
M.A ECONOMICS
(From 2014 Session Onwards)
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
Srinagar- J & K
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
2
Programme Structure & Syllabus M.A Economics
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
Programme Structure
Notes: C: Core E: Elective SS: Soft Skill SO: Social Orientation CIA: Continuous Internal Assessment
Course
Code Core Courses
Type of
Course
Teaching
Hours/Week
Credits
Max. Mark
CIA External Total
Fisrt Semester
MEC-C 1411 Micro Economics - I C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1412 Macro Economics - I C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1413 Mathematics for Economics C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1414 Indian Economy C 4 4 40 60 100
SS Soft Skill Electives C 4 4 40 60 100
Second Semester
MEC-C 1421 Micro Economics - II C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1422 Macro Economics - II C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C1423 Statistical Methods C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1424 International Economics C 4 4 40 60 100
SO Soft Skill Electives C 4 4 40 60 100
Third Semester
MEC-C 1431 Economics of Development C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1432 Public Economics C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1433 Basic Econometrics C 4 4 40 60 100
Elective Elective Course I E 4 4 40 60 100
Elective Elective Course II E 4 4 40 60 100
Fourth Semester
MEC-C 1441 Economics of Growth C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1442 Political Economy C 4 4 40 60 100
MEC-C 1443 Environmental Economics C 4 4 40 60 100
Elective Elective Course III E 4 4 40 60 100
Elective Elective Course IV E 4 4 40 60 100
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Elective Courses
Third Semester
Course Code Elective 1
MEC-E 1431 Theory of Statistics
MEC-E 1432 Financial Economics
MEC-E 1433 Contemporary Indian Economy
MEC-E 1434 Economics of Demography
Course Code Elective 2
MEC-E 1435 Mathematical Economics
MEC-E 1436 Economics of Health and Education
MEC-E 1437 Financial Institution and Market
MEC-E 1438 Economics of Infrastructure and Real Estate
Fourth Semester
Course Code Elective 3
MEC-E 1441 Advanced Econometrics
MEC-E 1442 Agricultural Economics
MEC-E 1443 International Finance
MEC-E 1444 J&K Economy
Course Code Elective 4
MEC-E 1445 Industrial Economics
MEC-E 1446 Computer Application in Economics
MEC-E 1447 Indian Public Finance
MEC-E 1448 Dissertation Work
Note: The electives will be offered depending on the availability of faculties
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Microeconomics I Course code: MEC-C1411
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Choice and Demand
Preferences and utility– rational choice; Utility maximization problem; Indirect utility
function; Expenditure function; Income offer curves and Engle’s curves; Income effect and
substitution effect– Slutsky and Hicks; Ordinary demand curve and compensated demand
curve; Revealed preference hypothesis; Market demand and elasticity– market demand
curves; Relationship among elasticities; Linear and constant elasticity demand functions.
Unit II: Uncertainty and Information
Decision making under uncertainty; The expected utility theory of Von Neumann and
Morgenstern; Attitude towards risk; Measures of risk aversion; Insurance; Asymmetric
information– market for lemons and market signalling; Principle-agent problems; Incentives
framework in private and public enterprises; Efficiency wage theory; Moral hazard.
Unit III: Theory of Production
Production function with one variable input and two variable inputs; Cost minimizing input
choices; Some common production functions– Cobb-Douglas and constant elasticity of
substitution production function; Trans log production function; Returns to scale; Duality
theory; Expansion path.
Unit IV: Theory of Costs
Short run and long run costs and their relationship in traditional cost theory; Average
marginal relationships; Modern cost theory; Economies and diseconomies of scale and scope;
Learning curve.
Unit V: Market Structure
Introduction to various forms of market; Price and output under perfect competition– short
run and long run equilibrium of a firm; Short run supply curves; Equilibrium of firm and
industry– short run and long run; Monopoly– short run and long run equilibrium price and
output determination; Various forms of price discrimination; Price and output determination
under monopolistic competition– short run and long run analysis.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Baumol, W.J., Economic Theory & Operations Analysis, Printice Hall, New Delhi.
2. Henderson, J.M & R.E. Quant, Micro Economic Theory: A Mathematical Approach,
McGraw Hall, New Delhi.
3. Salvatore, D. (2003), Micro economics; Theory and Applications. Oxford University
Press, New Delhi.
4. Perloff, J. M. (2001), Microeconomics, Addison Wisely Longman, India.
5. Nicholson, W. (1992), Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principals and Extensions. The
Dryden Press, USA.
6. Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979), Modern Microeconomics, Macmillan Press, London.
7. Layard, P. R. G. and Walters, A.W. (1978), Microeconomic Theory, McGraw Hill,
New York.
8. Sen. A. K. (1999), Microeconomics - Theory and Applications, Oxford University
Press.
9. Pindyck R. S. and Ruboinfeld, D. L. (1999), Microeconomics, Prentice Hall of India.
10. Jeffrey M.P. (2001) 2nd Ed., Microeconomics Addison Wisely Longman, India
Branch.
11. Walter Nicholson (1992) 5th Ed, Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principals and
Extensions, The Driden Press , USA.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Macroeconomic Analysis- I
Course code: MEC-C1412
Max. Marks: 60
Unit 1: National Income and Social Accounting
National Product– productive and non- productive activities; The components of final
demand; Equality and distribution of national income, GNP, welfare and quality of life;
Measurable Net Economic Welfare (MEW); Social accounting– concept and importance; The
system of accounts and economic theory; Main features and types of social accounts;
Balance of payment accounting; Matrix presentation of social accounting.
Unit II: Sectoral Demand Functions
Consumption function; Keynes’s law of consumption – implication of the law; Short run and
long run consumption function; Income consumption relationship – absolute income, relative
income, life cycle income and permanent income hypothesis; Investment demand-
neoclassical approach, Keynesian approach (MEC) approach; Accelerator principle;
Keynesian Multiplier– static and dynamic.
Unit III: Inflation and Unemployment
Classical, Keynesian and monetarist approach to inflation; Demand pull and cost push
inflation; Bent Hansen model of demand pull inflation; Structuralist theory of inflation;
Phillips curve – short run and long run; Keynesian views of the output-inflation trade off;
Tobin views on Phillips curve; Natural rate of unemployment hypothesis; NAIRU and
Phillips curve; Strategies to control inflation.
Unit IV: Income Determination Model
Income determination in three sector model; Balanced budget multiplier; Income
determination in the four sector model including foreign spending; Foreign trade multiplier;
Aggregate supply function– Keynesian and classical; Keynesian views of labour market;
Labour supply and variability of money wages.
Unit V: Theories of Trade Cycle
Anatomy and indicators of trade cycle; Multiplier-accelerator interaction theories of trade
cycle– Samuelson, Hicks; Keynes and Kaldor model of trade cycle; Real business cycle
theory; Control of trade cycle.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Ackley G. (1969), Macroeconomics Theory, New York, Macmillan.
2. Blackhouse, R. and A. Salansi (eds.) (2000), Macroeconomics and Real World
(2Vols.) Oxford University Press, London.
3. Branson, W. (1989), Macroeconomic Theory and Policy; 3rd Ed, Harper & Row.
4. Dornbush, R. and S. Fischer (2004), Macroeconomics, 9th Ed, Tata-Mcgraw Hill.
5. Jha, R. (1991), Contemporary Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, Wiley Eastern.
6. Levacic, R and A. Rebman (1986), Macroeconomics; (2nd Ed, Macmillan).
7. Mankiw, N. Gregory (2000), Macroeconomics (4th Ed, Macmillan-Worth).
8. Richard T. Froyen, (2003), Macroeconomics, Pearson Indian Ed.
9. Dernbusch, E and S. Fischer (1981), Macroeconomics Auckland, McGraw Hill
International.
10. Hall, R.E. and J.B. Taylor (1986), Macroeconomics, W.W. Norton, New York.
11. Heijdra and Vander Ploeg. Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics, Oxford
University Press.
12. Romer D.L, Advanced Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill Company Ltd. New York.
13. Rosalind Levacic and Alexander Rebmann, Macroeconomics – An Introduction to
Keynesian – Neoclassical Controversies.
14. Srivastava M.N. Perspective in Monetary Theory.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Mathematics for Economics Course code: MEC-C1413
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Basic Concepts
Concept of variable, constant and parameter; Set theory– sets and set operations; Concept of
relation and function– types of function; Limit and continuity, Equations– linear, quadratic
and simultaneous equation.
Unit II: Differential Calculus
Derivative– rules of differentiation; Partial derivatives; Higher order differentiation; Euler’s
Theorem; Uses of differentiation in economics– constrained optimization, Lagrangian
multiplier, problems of maxima and minima in single and multi-variable functions.
Unit III: Integral Calculus
Concept of integration– simple rules of integration, indefinite and definite integral;
Fundamental theorem of integral; Properties of definite integral; Application of integrals in
economics– consumer’s surplus, producer’s surplus and growth rates.
Unit IV: Differential and Difference Equation
Concepts; Solutions of first order differential and difference equations; Applications of
differential and difference equation– phase diagram, stability conditions, lagged income
determination model, Cobweb model, Samuelson multiplier acceleration interaction model.
Unit V: Matrix Algebra
Concept of matrix– their types, simple operations on matrices; Determinants & their basic
properties; Inverse of matrix; Jacobian, Hessain and higher order Hessian rule; Rank of a
matrix; Solution of a system of linear equations using matrices; Solution of simultaneous
equations through Cramer’s rule.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Allen, R. G. D. (2003), Mathematical Analysis for Economists, The Macmillan Press,
Delhi.
2. Chiang, C. A. (1984), Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw
Hill.
3. Edward, D. T. (2008), Introduction to Mathematical Economics, Schaum’s outline,
Tata McGraw- Hill, Delhi.
4. Henderson, M. J. (2006), Microeconomics Theory, Tata McGraw- Hill, New Delhi.
5. Yamane, T. (1995), Mathematics for Economists, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
6. Boumal, J. W. (2000), Economic Theory and Operation Analysis, Prentice Hall of
India, Delhi.
7. Gupta, S. C. and Kapoor, V. K. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Himalaya
publishing House, New Delhi
8. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2001), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics,
Himalayan Publishing House, Allahabad.
9. Elhance, D. N. (2009), Fundamentals of Statistic, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.
10. Srivastava, S. C. and Srivastava, S. (2003), Fundamentals of Statistics, Anmol
Publication, New Delhi.
11. Grewal, P. S. (1990), Methods of Statistical Analysis, Sterling Publishing House, New
Delhi.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Indian Economy Course code: MEC-C1414
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Demographic Features of Indian Economy
Population– size and reason for Population growth; Population policy; Poverty– absolute and
relative; Analysis of poverty in India; Poverty alleviation programmes and their
effectiveness; Unemployment–Nature, extent and types of unemployment in India; Policies
on Unemployment– MGNREGA.
Unit II: Structure of Indian Economy
Growth and structural changes in Indian economy; Performance of different Sectors; Sectoral
contribution to GDP; Regional disparity in income distribution; Appraisal of 10th and 11th
FYP, twelfth five year plan (2012-17).
Unit III: Indian Agriculture and Industry
Institutional and technological changes in Indian agriculture; Trends in agriculture production
and productivity in major crops; New agriculture policy; Public distribution system (PDS),
Food security and sustainable agriculture; Growth and pattern of industrialisation; New
Industrial Policy; Privatisation and disinvestment debate.
Unit IV: Money, Banking and Prices
Analysis of price behaviour in India; Inflation– causes and consequences; Review of
monetary Policy of RBI; Financial sector reforms– banking sector reforms and Narasimham
committee, financial sector legislative reforms commission (FSLRC); Working of SEBI;
Fiscal policy reforms– Tax reforms since 1991; Fiscal consolidation and FRBM Act.
Unit V: External Sector and Economic Reforms Structure of India’s foreign trade– Trends in volume, direction, and composition; Back
ground of economic reforms– trade policy reforms, new trade policy and FTP (2009-14);
Exchange rate policy– exchange rate management in India; Issue of current and capital
account convertibility; Role of FDI and MNCs; Globalisation of Indian economy; WTO and
its impact.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Ahluwalia, I.J. and I.M.D. Little (Eds.) (1999), India’s Economic Reforms and
Development (Essays in honor of Manmohan Singh), Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
2. Ahluwalia. I.J, (1985), Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
3. Appu. P.S.( 1996), Land Reforms in India, Vikas, New Delhi.
4. Bardhan, Pranab; (2003), Poverty Agrarian Structure and Political Economy in
India. Selected Essays – Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
5. Bawa, R.S. and P.S.Raikhy (Ed). (1997), Structural Changes in Indian Economy,
Guru Nanak Dev University Press, Amritsar.
6. Bhagwati, Jagdish (2004), In Defense of Globalization, Oxford University Press.
7. Brahmananda, P.R. and V.R. Panchamukhi (Eds) (2001), Development Experience
in the Indian Economy: Inter-State Perspectives, Bookwell, Delhi.
8. Chelliah, Raja J (1996), Towards Sustainable Growth, Essays in Fiscal and
Financial Sector Reforms in India – Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
9. Chelliah. Raja J. and R. Sudarshan (1999), Income, Poverty and Beyond Human
Development in India Social Science Press, New Delhi.
10. CT Kurien, (1978), Poverty, Planning and Social Transformation in India, Allied
Publishers, Delhi,
11. Datt, Ruddar and Sundaram, K.P.M, Latest edition, Indian Economy, S Chand and
Co, New Delhi.
12. Deepak Lal, (1999), India in the World Economy, Oxford University Press,
13. Dhameeja, N. and K.S. Sastry (1998), Privatisation: Theory and Practice, A.H.
Wheeler – New Delhi.
14. Dhingra, Ishwar C.(2006), Indian Economy, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
15. Dr. S Murthy, (1995), Structural Reforms of Indian Economy Atlantic Publishers.
16. Jagdish Bhagwati and TN Srinivasn, (1986), Foreign Trade Regimes and
Economic Development: India, NBER, New York.
17. Jalan, B, The Indian Economy – Problems & Prospects, Viking.
18. KR Gupta (1995), Liberalization and Globalization of Indian Economy, Atlantic
Publishers, New Delhi.
19. Misra, S.K & V.K. Puri, Indian Economy, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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20. Mookherjee. D. (1997), Indian Industry, Policies and Performance – Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
21. Rao Hunumanta, C.H. (2005), Agriculture, Food Security Poverty and
Environment, Essays on Post Reform in India, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
22. Uma Kapila (2004), Indian Economy Since Independence, Academic Foundation,
New Delhi.
23. Vijay Johi and I. M.D Little, (1996), India’s Economic Reforms, 1991 – 2001,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
24. VM Dandekar and Nilakantha Rath, (1971), Poverty in India, Indian School of
Political Economy, Pune.
25. Sanjeev Kumar, (1996), Foreign Direct Investment in India, BR Publishing
Company Delhi,.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Microeconomics II Course code: MEC-C1421
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Oligopoly- I
Non-collusive oligopoly– Cournot, Bertrand, Kinked demand curve and Stackeleberg
models; Theory of games– zero-sum and non-zero sum games; Nash equilibrium; Prisoner’s
dilemma; Repeated and sequential games; Collusive oligopoly– cartels and price leadership
models.
Unit II: Oligopoly- II
Critical evaluation of marginal analysis; Average cost pricing; Bain’s limit pricing theory and
Sylos-Labini model; Baumol’s static and dynamic models of sales revenue maximization;
Marris’s model of managerial enterprise; Williamson’s model of managerial discretion.
Unit III: Factor Pricing
Neo-classical approach– marginal productivity theory; Factor pricing in imperfect product
and factor markets; Product exhaustion theorems; Elasticity of technical substitution and
factor shares; Technical progress and income distribution; Pricing of fixed factors of
production.
Unit IV: Distribution Theories
Macro theories of distribution– assumption, principles, limitation and comparative analysis of
Ricardo, Marx, Kalecki and Kaldor.
Unit V: General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics
General equilibrium analysis– interdependence of markets; Efficiency in exchange;
Walrasian equilibrium; Walras law; Existence, stability and uniqueness of equilibrium;
Efficiency and equilibrium; Social welfare criteria-Pareto, Kaldor- Hicks and Bergson;
Maximisation of social welfare– grand utility possibility frontier; Determination of welfare
maximizing configuration; Arrow’s impossibility theorem.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Baumol, W.J, Economic Theory & Operations Analysis, Printice Hall, New Delhi.
2. Henderson, J.M & R.E. Quant, Micro Economic Theory: A Mathematical Approach,
McGraw Hall, New Delhi.
3. Salvatore, D. (2003), Micro economics; Theory and Applications, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi.
4. Perloff, J. M. (2001), Microeconomics, Addison Wisely Longman, India.
5. Nicholson, W. (1992), Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principals and Extensions, The
Dryden Press, USA.
6. Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979), Modern Microeconomics. Macmillan Press, London.
7. Layard, P. R. G. and Walters, A.W. (1978), Microeconomic Theory, McGraw Hill.
8. Sen. A. K. (1999), Microeconomics - Theory and Applications, Oxford University
press.
9. Pindyck R. S. and Ruboinfeld, D. L. 1(999), Microeconomics, Prentice Hall of India.
10. Jeffrey M.P. (2001) 2nd Ed., Microeconomics Addison Wisely Longman, India
Branch.
11. Walter Nicholson (1992) 5th Ed, Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principals and
Extensions, The Driden Press , USA.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Macroeconomics- II
Course code: MEC-C1422
Max. Marks: 60
Unit I: Supply of Money
Model of bank deposit determination; H- theory of money supply; Money multiplier; Budget
and money supply; RBI approach to money supply; Money supply in open economy; Control
of money supply.
Unit II: Demand for Money
Classical approach to demand for money– Fisher’s and Cambridge approach; Keynes’s
liquidity preference approach; Post-Keynesian approaches to demand for money– Baumol’s
approach of transaction demand for money; Tobin portfolio optimization approach;
Friedman’s quantity theory; Patinkin’s real balance effect; Pigou’s effect.
Unit III: Neo- classical and Keynesian Synthesis
IS-LM model; Derivation of IS-LM curves; Factors causing shift in the IS-LM schedule;
Extension of IS-LM model with government sector; Extension of IS-LM with labour market
and flexible price; Monetary and fiscal policy– tools and relative effectiveness.
Unit IV: Macroeconomics in Open Economy
IS-LM model in open economy; LM curve and the balance of trade; Zero capital mobility;
Implication of capital mobility for macroeconomic policy; Mundell-Fleming model; Relative
effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies under imperfect and perfect capital mobility.
Unit V: Recent Developments in Macroeconomic Theory
Monetarism– central propositions, reformulation of quantity theory of money; New classical
economics– theory of rational expectations and its implication; New Keynesian economics–
central propositions; Sticky price; Efficiency wage models.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Ackley G. (1969), Macroeconomics Theory, New York, Macmillan.
2. Brian Snowdon and Howard R Vane (2005), Modern Macroeconomics – Its
Origins, Development and Current State. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK;
Northampton, M A, USA.
3. Blackhouse, R. and A. Salansi (eds.) (2000), Macroeconomics and Real World
(2Vols.) Oxford University Press, London.
4. Branson, W. (1989), Macroeconomic Theory and Policy; 3rd Ed, Harper & Row.
5. Dornbush, R. and S. Fischer (2004), Macroeconomics, 9th Ed, Tata-Mcgraw Hill.
6. Jha, R. (1991), Contemporary Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, Wiley Eastern.
7. Levacic, R and A. Rebman (1986), Macroeconomics; (2nd Ed, Macmillan).
8. Mankiw, N. Gregory (2000), Macroeconomics (4th Ed, Macmillan-Worth).
9. Richard T. Froyen, (2003), Macroeconomics, Pearson Indian Ed.
10. Dernbusch, E and S. Fischer (1981), Macroeconomics Auckland, McGraw Hill
International.
11. Hall, R.E. and J.B. Taylor (1986), Macroeconomics, W.W. Norton, New York.
12. Heijdra and Vander Ploeg. Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics, Oxford
University Press.
13. Gupta S.B. (1994), Monetary Economics, S Chand and Co, New Delhi.
14. Romer D.L, Advanced Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill Company Ltd. New York.
15. Rosalind Levacic and Alexander Rebmann, Macroeconomics – An Introduction
to Keynesian – Neoclassical Controversies.
16. Richard T Froyen (2005), Macroeconomics, 7th Edition, Pearson Education.
Delhi.
17. Srivastava M.N. Perspective in Monetary Theory.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Statistical Methods Course code: MEC-C1423
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Sampling and Scaling Techniques
Introduction to basic statistics; Data collection methods; Sampling design– steps in sampling
design, criteria of selecting a sample, characteristics of a good sample design, sampling
techniques; Measurement and scaling; Scaling techniques– rating scales, differential scales,
summated scales and cumulative scales.
Unit II: Correlation and Regression
Correlation- Methods of measuring correlation– Graphical methods and algebraic methods–
Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient;
Properties of correlation coefficient; Partial and multiple correlations; Simple linear
regression, principle of ordinary least squares and regression lines; Multiple regression.
Unit III: Probability and Distribution
Deterministic and non-deterministic experiments; Types of events– classical and empirical
definitions of probability; Laws of addition and multiplication; Conditional probability and
concept of independence; Baye’s theorem and its applications; Mathematical expectation;
Elementary concept of random variable– probability mass and density functions, their
expectations.
Unit IV: Theory of Sampling and Estimation
Concept of estimator and sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Estimation– types of
estimators and their properties; Difference between point estimation and interval estimation;
Characteristics of good estimator– small and large sample properties; Standard error of an
estimate.
Unit V: Hypothesis Testing
Testing of hypothesis; Level of significance, Confidence limits and critical region; Type I and
Type II error; One tailed and two tailed tests; Important parametric tests– a conceptual
introduction of z– test, t– test, chi– square test, F– test, analysis of variance.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Chou, Y. (1975), Statistical Analysis, Holt, Reinhart and Winston, New York.
2. Croxton Crowden & Klein (1971) Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi.
3. Nagar, A.L and R.K, Das (1985), Basic Statistics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
4. G. M. Clarke and D. Cooke (1992), A Basic Course in Statistics, 3rd Edition, Arnold.
5. S. C. Gupta (1993), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S. Chand and Sons, New
Delhi.
6. Gupta, S.P. (2014), Statistical Methods, 43rd edit, Sulthan Chand & Sons, New Delhi
7. J. E. Freund (1999), Mathematical Statistics, 5th Edition, Prentice-Hall International.
8. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1995), “Introduction to Mathematical Statistics”, Prentice-
Hall International, inc. Engle Wod Cliff, N.J., Fifth Edition.
9. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (1974), “Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics”, Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, New York, Third Edition.
10. Hogg, R. V. and A. T. Craig (1970), Introduction to Mathematical Statistics (3rd
Edition), Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
11. Sukhatme, P. V. and B. V. Sukhatme (1970), Sampling Theory of Survey with
Applications, Lowa State University Press, Ames.
12. J. A. Rice (1995), Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis, 2nd Edition, Duxbury
Press.
13. Hogg, R.V. and Tanis E.A. (1993), “Probability and Statistical inference”
Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, Fourth Edition.
14. D. G. Rees (1987), Foundation of Statistics, Chapman & Hall.
15. G. M. Clarke and D. Cooke (1992), A Basic Course in Statistics, 3rd Edition, Arnold.
16. R. L. Schaeffer (1990), Introduction to Probability and its Applications, Pws-Kent.
17. F. Daly, D. J. Hand, M. C. Jones, A. D. Lunn, K. J. Mcconway (1995), Elements of
Statistics, Addison-Wesley.
18. S. Ross (1976), A First Course in Probability, Macmillan.
19. Millar, J. (1996), Statistics for Advanced Level, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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International Economics Course code: MEC-C1424
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Modern Theories of International Trade
Review of classical theory; Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international trade– empirical testing
of Heckscher- Ohlin theory; Theorem of factor price equalization; Role of dynamic factors–
changes in tastes, technology and factor endowments in explaining the emergence of trade;
The Rybczynski theorem; Kravis and Linder theory of trade, Technological gap model;
Product life cycle theories.
Unit II: Terms of Trade and Economic Growth
Concept of terms of trade– measurement of gains from trade and their distribution;
Hypothesis of secular deterioration of terms of trade– its empirical relevance and policy
implications for less developed countries; Immiserizing growth; Metzler paradox; Prebisch-
Singer hypothesis; Dutch disease; Terms of trade and economic growth.
Unit III: Theory of Interventions
Tariffs, quotas and non-tariff barriers; Economic effects of tariffs and quotas on national
income, output, employment, terms of trade, income distribution and Balance of Payments of
trading partners both in partial and general equilibrium framework; Nominal, effective and
optimum rates of tariffs – their measurement; International trade under imperfect
competition– product differentiation and trade; The political economy of non-tariff barriers
and their implications.
Unit IV: Balance of Payments Adjustment
Meaning and components of balance of payments– equilibrium and disequilibrium in the
balance of payments; The process of adjustment under systems of gold standard, fixed
exchange rates and flexible exchange rates; Role of expenditure-reducing and expenditure-
switching policies in an open economy– elasticity, absorption, monetary and portfolio-
balance approach; Foreign trade multiplier with and without foreign repercussions and
determination of national income and output.
Unit V: Economic Integration and Cooperation
Forms of economic cooperation; Theory of custom union– static and dynamic effect of a
custom union and free trade areas; Regionalism and multilaterism; Rationale and economic
progress of SAFTA, ASEAN, NAFTA and EU union; United Nations Conferences on Trade
and Development (UNCTAD) and WTO.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Bhagwati, J (Ed) International trade, selected readings, Cambridge University Press,
Massachusetts.
2. Carbaugh, R. J (2008), International Economics, 11th Edition, Thamson South
Western, New Delhi.
3. Carbough, R.J. international Economics, International Thompson Publishing, New
York.
4. Chacholieds, M. (1999), International Economics, Macmilan Publication.
5. Dana, M.S. International Economics, Rutledge, London.
6. James Gerber (2012), International Economics, Pearson Publication. New Delhi.
7. Kenen.P.B., Economic and Monetary Union in Europe, Cambridge University Press.
8. Kindle Berger, C.P International Economics &International Economic Policy, Hill,
Kogakusha, Japan.
9. Marrewijk, C. V. (2007), International Economics: Theory, Application and Policy,
Oxford University Press, New York.
10. Paul R. Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld (2009), International Economics Theory and
Policy, Pearson Education Publication, New Delhi.
11. Pugal T. A. (2008), International Economics, 8th edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill, New
York.
12. R.D.Irwin, Homewood King, P.G. International Economics, McGraw Hill
International, Singapore.
13. Salvatore, D. (2004), International Economics, 8th Edition, Wiley India, New Delhi.
14. Sawyer, W.C. and Sprinkle R.L. (2003), International Economics, Prentice-Hall of
India, New Delhi.
15. Soderston, Bo (2005), International Economics, The Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Economics of Development Course code: MEC-C1431
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Concept and Measurement of Economic Development
Meaning and determinants of development; Perpetuation of underdevelopment; Poverty–
absolute and relative; Measures of poverty– poverty gap, Sen’s index of poverty; Inequality;
Measurement of inequality– Lorenz curve, Kuznets ratio and Gini coefficient; Inequality and
income– inverted U hypothesis; Inequality and development relationship; Development gap;
Measurement of development– human development index, quality of life, basic need
approach and other indices; Population and economic development.
Unit II: Pre-Keynesian Theories of Economic Development
Classical theory of economic development– Smith and Ricardo; Marxian theory of
development; Crises in the capitalism; Schumpeter theory of capitalistic development;
Comparison: classical- Marx- Schumpeter.
Unit III: Partial Theories of Economic Development
The process of cumulative causation– Myrdal; low level equilibrium trap– Nelson model;
Critical minimum efforts thesis–Harvey Leibenstain; The new economic geography–
Krugman theory; Michal Kremer-O-ring theory of economic Development.
Unit IV: Approaches to Development
The theory of big push; Balanced growth; Unbalanced growth– Hirschman strategy;
Structural changes model– Lewis, Ranis-Fei model; Urbanization and rural urban migration–
Haris-Todaro model; Neo classical counter revolution–challenging the static model, free
market, public choice and market friendly approach.
Unit V: Sectoral Aspect of Development
Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development; Model of
complementarties between agriculture and industry; Structure of labour market in the
developing countries; Choice of techniques and appropriate technology; Choice of techniques
and conflict of objective; Investment criteria; Elementary ideas of cost-benefit analysis.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Agarwal and Singh (1958), The Economics of Underdevelopment, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
2. Adelman, I. (1961), theories of Economic Growth and Development, Stanford
University Press, Stanford.
3. Behrman, S. and T.N. Srinivasan (1995), Handbook of Development Economics,
Vol. 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
4. Chenery, H. and T.N. Srinivasan (Eds.) (1989), Handbook of Development
Economics, Vols. 1 & 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
5. Ghatak, S. (1986), An Introduction to Development Economics, Allen and Unwin,
London.
6. Gills, M., D.H. Perkins, M. Romer and D.R. Snodgrass (1992), Economics of
Development (3rd Edition), W.W. Norton, New York.
7. Higgins, B. (1959), Economic Development, W.W. Norton, New York.
8. Kindleberger, C.P. (1977), Economic Development, (3rd Edition), McGRaw Hill,
New York.
9. Meier, G.M. (1995), Leading Issues in Economic Development, (6th Edition),
Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
10. Myint, Hal (1965), the Economics of Underdeveloped Countries, Preager, New
York.
11. Myint, H. (1971), Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Countries, Oxford
University Press, New York.
12. Todaro, M.P. (1996), (6th Edition), Economic Development, Longman, London.
13. Thirwal, A.P. (1999), (6th Edition), Growth and Development, Macmillan, U.K.
14. Dasgupta, P. (1993), An Enquiry into Well-being and Destitution, Clarendon Press,
Oxford.
15. Hirsch, A.O. (1958), The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale University
Press, New York.
16. Lewis, W.A. (1955), The Theory of Economic Growth, George Allen and Unwin,
London.
17. Mehrotra, S. and J. Richard (1998), Development with a Human Face, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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18. Meier, G.M. and D. Seers (Eds.) (1987), Pioneers in Development, Oxford
University Press, NewYork.
19. Myrdal, G. (1957), Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions, Duckworth,
London.
20. Schumpeter, J.A. (1949), The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
21. Todaro, M.P. (1971), Development Planning : Models and Methods, Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
22. United Nations (1994), Human Development Report, United Nations, New York.
23. Campbell, N. and F. Burton (Eds.) (1994), Japanese Multinationals, Routledge,
New York.
24. Dasgupta, P., A.K. Sen and S. Marglin (1972), Guidelines for Project Evaluation,
UNIDO, Vienna.
25. Ranis, G. and A. Mahmood (1992), Political Economy for Development,
Blackwell, Cambridge Mass.
26. Sen, A. (1992), Inequality Reexamined, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
27. United Nations (1994), Human Development Report, United Nations, New York.
28. Grossman, G. and E. Helpman (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global
Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
29. Weiss, J. (1988), Industry in Developing Countries, Croom Helm, London.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Public Economics Course code: MEC-C1432
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Introduction to Public Economics
Public economics– scope and schools of thought; Rationale for the role of government in
organized society; Changing perspective– role of government in a mixed economy;
Allocation, distribution and stabilization roles of government; Theory of public goods;
Externality theory– private sector solutions to externalities: Coase theorem; Public sector
remedies for externalities– corrective taxation, subsidies and regulation.
Unit II: Resource Allocation Mechanism
Private and public mechanism for allocating resources; Problems of allocating resources–
problems of preference revelation and aggregation of preferences, voting systems, Arrow’s
impossibility theorem; Economic theory of democracy; Politico-eco-bureaucracy, size
maximising bureaucracy; Rent seeking and directly unproductive profit seeking (DuP)
activities.
Unit III: Preference Revelation
Demand revealing schemes for public goods– Clark, Groves and Lerd Method; Tibeout
method– decentralisation theorem; Theory of club goods.
Unit IV: Theory of Public Expenditure
Wagner’s law of increasing state activities; Wiseman-Peacock hypothesis; Pure theory of
public expenditure; Criteria for public investment– social cost benefit analysis; Black money
and parallel economy; Reforms in public expenditure– programme budgeting and zero base
budgeting.
Unit V: Theory of Taxation and Public Debt
Taxation and types; Measuring fairness of tax systems; Haig-Simons and ability-to-pay
considerations; Incidence of taxation; Taxation and economic efficiency; Determinants of
dead-weight loss; Theory of optimal taxation– commodity and income taxation; Classical
view of public debt; Compensatory method of debt policy; Burden of public debt, sources of
public debt; Concept and evolution of fiscal federalism; Centre-State financial relations.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Bailey, Stephen J. Public Sector Economics: Theory and Practice. Second Edition.
Palgrave, New York.
2. Cornes, Richard and Todd Sandler (1996), The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods
and Club Goods. Cambridge University Press.
3. Cullis, John and Philip Jones. (1998), Public Finance and Public Choice. Second
Edition. Oxford University Press.
4. Musgrave and Musgrave. (1976), Public Finance in Theory and Practice. Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
5. Stiglitz, J. E. (1986), Economics of Public Sector, Norton, New York.
6. Atkinson, A. B. and J. E. Stiglitz. (1980), Lectures on Public Economics, Tata
McGraw Hill, New York.
7. Buchanan, J. M. (1968), The Demand and Supply of Public Goods. Randy McNally,
Chicago.
8. Friedman, A. (1986), Welfare Economics and Social Choice Theory. Martins Nijhoff,
Boston.
9. Glennester, H. and J. Hills. (1998), The State of Welfare: the Economic and Social
Spending, Oxford University Press, London.
10. Hindriks, Jean and Gareth D. Myles. (2007), Intermediate Public Economics. Prentice
Hall of India.
11. McNutt, Patrick A. (2002), The Economics of Public Choice, Edward Elgar
Publishing Limited UK.
12. Mueller, Dennis C. (1979), Public Choice, Cambridge University Press.
13. Musgrave, R. A. (1959), The Theory of Public Finance, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha,
Tokyo.
14. Averbach, A.J. &Feldstern: Handbook of Public Economics, North Holland,
Amesterdam.
15. Jha, R: Modern Public Economics, Routlege, London.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Basic Econometrics Course code: MEC-C1433
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Basic Econometrics
Nature, meaning and scope of econometrics; Relationship of econometrics with statistics,
mathematics and economics; Nature and types of data for economic analysis; Methodology of
econometrics– model specification stage, model estimation stage, model evaluation stage;
Properties of an econometric model.
Unit II: Linear Regression Model
Simple and general linear regression model– assumptions, significance of stochastic
disturbance term; Population regression function and sample regression function; Estimation
of linear regression model; Method of ordinary least squares (OLS); Properties of OLS
estimator and Gauss Markov Theorem; Concept of coefficient of determination– R2 and
adjusted R2.
Unit III: Problems in Regression Analysis
Heteroscedasticity– reasons, consequences, methods of detection (Spearman rank correlation
test, Goldfeld and Quandt test, Glejser test), important remedial measures; Autocorrelation–
reasons, consequences, methods of detection (Durbin-Watson statistic), important remedial
measures; Multicollinearity– reasons, consequences, methods of detection, important
remedial measures.
Unit IV: Dummy Variable Technique
Dummy variable – use of dummy variables, regression with dummy dependent variables for
measuring the change of parameter, seasonal adjustment of time series and dummy variable
trap
Unit V: Dynamic Econometric Models
Autoregressive and distributed lag models; Role of lag in economics; Endogenous lagged
variable– Koyak geometric lag model, Nerloves’s Partial adjustment model, Cagan’s adaptive
expectations model; Exogenous lagged variable– Almon approach to distributed-lag models
Note: Emphasize will be laid down the practical application from all technique in each unit.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Damodhar.N.Gujarati, (2005), Basic Econometrics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. A Koutsoyannis, (2004), Theory of Econometrics, Palgrave.
3. Dilip.M.Nachane, (2006), Econometrics: Theoretical Foundations and empirical
Perspective, Oxford University Press.
4. Greene.W.H, (1997), Econometrics Analysis, Prentice Hall.
5. Johnston.J, (1991), Econometric Methods, Mcgraw Hill.
6. Jack Johnston & John Dinardo, Econometric Methods- 2nd edition.
7. William H. Greene, Econometric Analysis – 5th edition.
8. James G. Mackinnan, Econometric Theory & methods by Russel Davidson.
9. Creel (2005), Econometrics.
10. Dominick Salvatore, Derrick Reagle, Statistics & Econometrics 2nd edition.
11. Jeffery M. Woolridge, Introductory Econometrics- a modern approach.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Theory of Statistics Course code: MEC-E1431
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Theory of Probability and Probability Distribution Axiomatic definition of probability; Addition and multiplication theorem; Conditional
probability; Baye’s theorem; Chebychev’s inequality; Theoretical probability distributions;
Binomial distribution- Mean and standard deviation of binomial distribution; Characteristics
of poisson and normal distributions; Properties of normal distribution; Area under the normal
distribution; Normal approximation to the binomial distribution.
Unit II: Sampling Distribution and Estimation
Meaning of sampling distribution of a statistic; point and interval estimates; Desirable
properties of point estimators; Best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE), Gauss-Markov
theorem; Methods of estimation- the method of moment, method of maximum likelihood.
Unit III: Hypothesis Testing- Non-Parametric Test
Non-parametric tests (without derivations; stress on numerical examples) – Ordinary sign
test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher-Irwin Test; Kruskel-Wallis H test, Kendall’s concordance
test, Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, Spearman rank correlation.
Unit IV: Time Series Analysis and Statistical Decision Making
Time series analysis; Components of time series, Measurement of trend by moving average
and the method of least squares, Measuring the cyclical effect; Seasonal variation; Irregular
variation; Analysis of decision; Decision under certainty; Decision under risk; Decision under
uncertainty; Bayes decision approach; Decision trees.
Unit IV: Index Numbers
Meaning and uses of index numbers; Unweighted and weighted index numbers; Laspeyre’s,
Paasche’s, Fisher’s, Dorbish-Bowley, Marshall-Edgeworth and Kelley’s Methods; Tests of
index numbers- unit root, time reversal and factor reversal tests; Chain base index numbers
and fixed base index numbers; Special purpose indices-Wholesale price index, consumer
price index and cost of living index; Base shifting, splicing and deflating of index number.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Goon AM, M.K.Gupta and B.Dasgupta.: Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.1, The
World Press, Ltd, Calcutta
2. Agarwal Y.P: Statistical Methods: Concepts, Applications and Computations, New
Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1988.
3. Blalock, Hubert M: Social Statistics, London: McGraw Hill, 1981.
4. Croxton Frederiel, Dudley J. Gowden and Sidny Klein: Applied General Statistics,
New Delhi: Prentice Hall, 1975.
5. Edward A.L: Statistical Methods for the Behavioural Sciences, New York: Rinchart
& Co, 1954.
6. Garrett E: Statistical Methods for Research Worker, New York, Hafner Publishing &
Co, 1950.
7. Grewal P.S: Methods of Statistical Analysis, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1990.
8. Gupta S.P: Statistical Methods, New Delhi, Chand & Co, 2005.
9. Gupta C.B: An Introduction to Statistical Methods, New Delhi, Vikas Publishers,
10. Gupta. S.C: Fundamentals of Statistics, Bombay, Himalaya Publishing House, 2000.
11. Mansfield, Edwin: Statistical for Business and Economics, New York : Norton and
Co, 1980.
12. Walker H.M & Lev J: Statistical Inference, New York: Holt, 1980.
13. Monga, G.S., Mathematics and statistics for Economics, Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi.
14. Chou, Y. (1975), Statistical Analysis, Holt, Reinhart and Winton, New York.
15. Hoel, P.G., Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, IIIrd Edition, Asia Publishing
House, New Delhi.
16. Hogg, R.V. and Tanis, E.A. (2001), Probability and Statistical Inference (6th Edition),
Pearson Education, Asia.
17. Lind, D.A., Marshall, W.C. and Mason, R.D. (2002), Statistical Techniques in
Business and Economics (11th Edition), McGraw-Hill, New York.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Financial Economics Course code: MEC-E1432
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Fundamentals of Financial Markets
Nature and scope of financial economics; Goals of finance; Capital structuring– cost of
capital, cost of equity, cost of debt, weighted average cost of capital, opportunity and
marginal cost of capital; Operating and financial leverages; Capital structure– modern and
traditional approaches.
Unit II: Capital Budgeting
Capital budgeting– payback period method, NPV method, IRR method, Probability index
method; Capital budgeting under risk and uncertainty; Capital rationing.
Unit III: Corporate Restructuring
Corporate restructuring– mergers, acquisitions, amalgamations and disinvestment: motives
and methods; introduction to valuation of companies; the law of mergers and acquisition.
Unit IV: Portfolio Theory
Portfolio market theories; Risk-reward ratio of individual security; Stock valuation models,
portfolio risk and return, efficient portfolio’s, portfolio selection models.
Unit V: Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
The capital market line; The capital asset pricing model; The beta of an asset and of a
portfolio; Security market line; Use of the CAPM model in investment analysis and as a
pricing formula; Arbitrage pricing theory and multi-factor models of risk.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Copeland, T. E. and J. F. (1992), Weston, Financial Theory and Corporate Policy,
Addison Wesley.
2. Ross, & Jordan, Waster Field Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Elton & Gruber Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis, TMH
4. Fuller &Farrel Modern Investments & Security Analysis, McGraw Hill Book
Company.
5. Houthakker, H.S. and P.J. Williamson, (1996), Economics of Financial Markets,
Oxford University Press.
6. Brealey, R. and S. Myers, (1997), Principles of Corporate Finance, fifth edition, New
York, McGraw Hill.
7. Kishore, R.M. Financial Management, Taxman Allied Services
8. Pandey, I.M. Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
9. Keith Cuthbertson & Dirk Nitzche, Quantitative Financial Economics – 2nd edt.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Contemporary Indian Economy Course code: MEC-E1433
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Economic Planning in India
Objectives and strategy of planning; Failures and achievements of plans; centralised versus
decentralised planning; Developing grass-root organizations for development– panchayat,
NGOs and pressure groups; Five year plans and different sectors of the economy– Twelfth
Five Year Plan (2012-2017).
Unit II: Natural Resources and Economic Development
Land resources; Forest resources; Water resources and fisheries; Mineral resources and
mineral policy; Economic development and environmental degradation; Climatic changes in
India; Role of State in environmental preservation– Environmental legislation in India.
Unit III: Infrastructure in India
Importance of infrastructure development; Energy and power– renewable and non-renewable
energy in India- Rural electrification– power crisis in India; Energy policy; Transport system
in India– road, railway, water transport and civil aviation; Communication and information
dissemination– RTI; Issues and policies in financing infrastructure development.
Unit IV: Rural Development in India
Concept of rural development; Need for rural development; Rural development programmes
in India and its evaluation– Bharat Nirman, PMGSY, IAY, PURA, CAPART, NSAP, NRHM
and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA);
Significance of micro finance and self-help group in rural development; Role of panchayati
raj system in rural development in India.
Unit V: Migration and Labour Related Issues
Characteristics of labour market in India; Wage determination in various sectors; Social
security and labour welfare in India; Problem of child labour and gender based discrimination
of labour; Evolution, structure and role of labour union in India; Labour legislation in India;
Urbanisation and migration; Different types of migratory flows and their effect on Economy.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Reference:
1. Ahluwalia. I.J. and I.M.D Little (1999), India’s Economic Reforms and Development
(Essays in Honour of Manmohan Singh) Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
2. Arora R.C, (1979), Integrated Rural Development in India, S.chand & Company
limited New Delhi.
3. Azeez. NP. Abdul (2014), Economic Development in India: Problems and Prospects,
(ed), Regal Publication, New Delhi.
4. Bardhan. P.K. (1999), the Political Economy of Development in India, 9th Edition,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
5. Bawa. R.S. and P.S. Rainkhy, Structural Charges in Indian Economy, Gurunanak Dev
University Press, Amritsar.
6. Brahmananda, P.R. and V.R. Panchmukhi (2001) Development Experience in Indian
Economy, Interstate Perspectives, Bookwell, Delhi.
7. Bhargawa, P.K. (1991), India’s Fiscal Crises, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi.
8. Byers. T.J. (1998); the Indian Economy: Major Debutes Since Independence, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
9. Chelliah, Raja J, (1996), Towards Sustainable Growth, Essays in Fiscal and Financial
Sector Reforms in India – Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
10. Chelliah. Raja J. and R. Sudarshan (1999), Income, Poverty and Beyond Human
Development in India Social Science Press, New Delhi.”
11. Desai Vasant, (1988), Rural Development- Programmes and Strategies, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai.
12. Dhameeja, N. and K.S. Sastry (1998), Privatisation: Theory and Practice, A.H.
Wheeler – New Delhi.
13. Frances Sinha, Micro finance Self-Help Groups in India: Living up to Their
Promise?.,Rawat Publications, New Delhi.
14. Kabra. K.N. (1997), Development Planning in India, Sage Publication, New Delhi.
15. Mookherjee. D. (1997); Indian Industry, Policies and Performance – Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
16. Mundle. S: (1999), Public Finance; Policy Issues for India – Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
17. Srinivasan. T.N. (1997) Measurement of inequality and Poverty, Oxford University
Press, Calcutta.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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18. Myrdal. Gunnar. Asian Drama: an inquiry Into Poverty of Nations, New York,
Twentieth Century Fund.
19. Bardhan, Pranab; (2003), Poverty Agrarian Structure and Political Economy in India.
Selected Essays – Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
20. Uma Kapida (2004), Indian Economy since Independence, Academic Foundation,
New Delhi.
21. Bala subramanyan, (1993), Selected Issues in Development Economics, Oxford
University Press, London.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Economics of Demography Course code: MEC-E1434
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Meaning, Scope and Theories of Demography
Meaning scope and subject matter of demography; Sources of demographic data– census,
vital registration, sample surveys; Theories of population growth– Malthusian, demographic
transition, optimum theory; Population projections; Stable and stationary populations.
Unit II: Population Growth and Structures
Population growth in the 20th century– levels and trends; Population and economic
development; Population and environment; Age structure– measures, patterns and
implications; Age pyramid; Population aging; Sex ratio– measures, patterns and
determinants; Population explosion– threatened or real, distant or imminent.
Unit III: Components of Population Growth
Fertility; Basic measures– TFR, GRR, NRR; Levels, trends and determinants; Mortality–
basis measures– IMR, MMR– levels, trends and determinants; Life tables– construction and
uses; Nuptiality; Concept and analysis of marital status; Trends in age at marriage,
widowhood.
Unit IV: Population and Development with Reference to India
Growth and distribution of population in India; Fertility in India– levels and trends; Mortality
in India– levels and trends; IMR and MMR in India; Characteristics of population in India–
age structure and sex structure; The Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act, 1994;
Population policies in India; national rural health mission.
Unit V: Migration and Urbanization Basic concept and definitions; Migration– measures, types, causes and consequences;
Theories of migration related to internal migration; Urbanization– process, determinants,
extent, implications and sustainability; Growth and distribution of rural-urban population in
developed and developing countries; Urbanisation in India.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Henry Shyryock and J.S, Siegel, The Methods and Materilas of Demography.
2. K.B.Pathak and F.Ram. Techniques of Demographic Analysis. Himalyan Publishing
House.
3. Bose A, India’s Basic Demographic Statistics.
4. Chaube PK, (2000), Population Policy in India, Kenosha Publication, New Delhi.
5. Srinivasan K, Basic Demographic Technique, Sage Publication, India.
6. Seth M (2000), Women and Development: Indian Experience, Sage Publication, New
Delhi.
7. Asha Bhende and Tara Kanitkar. Principles of Population Studies, Revised Edition.
Himalya Publishing House.
8. Bogue Donald J. Principles of Demography, John Wiley, New York.
9. Keyfitz, Applied Mathematical Demography, John Willy.
10. B.D. Mishra. An Introduction to the Study of Population. South Asian Publishing, N.
Delhi.
11. National Family Health Survey Reports.
12. S.C. Gulati: Fertility in India: An Econometric Study of Metropolis , Sage, New
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
37
Mathematical Economics Course code: MEC-E1435
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Theory of Consumer Behaviour Cardinal and ordinal utility; Ordinal utility maximization; Slutsky equation; Compensated
demand functions, income and substitution effect; Concept of elasticity– price, income and
cross elasticity; Generalization to n variable case; Homogeneous and homothetic utility
functions; Constant elasticity of substitution (CES) utility function; Indirect utility functions;
Consumer’s surplus; Theory of revealed preference and index numbers; Consumer behaviour
under risk and uncertainty.
Unit II: Theory of Production Production function– homogeneous and non-homogeneous; Properties of Cobb-Douglas
production function; CES; VES and Trans log production function; Cost functions-
Derivation of cost functions from production functions, Producer’s equilibrium– laws of
return and returns to scale; Constrained optimization of a producer; Generalization to n
variable case.
Unit III: Price Determination in Various Markets Price determination and profit maximisation under perfect competition, monopoly, multi
plant monopolist, discriminated monopoly, monopolistic competition, duopoly, monopsony
and bilateral monopoly.
Unit IV: Macroeconomic Models Classical macro economic theory– A classical model of income and employment; Saving and
investment; The marginal efficiency of investment; the multiplier; The Keynesian theory of
income determination; IS-LM analysis in a dynamic framework; Trade cycle model of
Samuelson and Hicks, Rational expectations and economic policy; Lucas’s model.
Unit V: Optimization Techniques Input-output analysis– open and closed systems, Hawkins-Simon conditions, Leontief’s
dynamic system; Linear programming; Formulation of a linear programming– primal and
dual problem; Nature of feasible and optimal solution; Solution of linear programming
through graphical and simplex method; Envelope theorem, Shephard's lemma and Roy’s
identity.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Allen, R. G. D. (1995), Mathematical analysis for economists. Macmillan.
2. Chiang, A. C. (1985), Fundamental methods of mathematical economics. McGraw-
Hill.
3. Chung, J.W. (1993), Utility and Production: Theory and Approach, Basil Blackwell,
London.
4. Mehta, B.C. and G.M.K. Madnani, (1997), Mathematics for Economists, Sultan
Chand and Sons.
5. Baumol, W. J. (1972), Economic theory and operation analysis. Prentice Hall.
6. Henderson, J, M. and R.E. Quandt (1980), Microeconomic Theory: A Mathematical
Approach, McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
7. Intrilligator, M. (1971), Mathematical optimization and economic theory. Prentice
Hall.
8. Jean Soper (2003): Mathematics for Economics and Business: An Interactive
Introduction, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
9. Kapoor, V.K. (1995): Essentials of Mathematics for Business and Economics, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
10. Ma ett, A.J. (1986), Mathematics for economists: work out, Macmillan Master Series.
11. Ostrosky, A.L. and J.V. Koch. (1979), Introduction to mathematical economics,
Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston.
12. Roberts B. and D.L. Schultze, (1973), Modern Mathematics and Economic Analysis,
W.W. Norton and Company.
13. Rosser, M. (1993), Basic Mathematics for Economists, Routledge.
14. K.M. Ramachandran, Chriss P. Tsokos, Mathematical Statistics with Applications.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
39
Economics of Education & Health Course code: MEC-E1436
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Introduction to Economics of Education
Definition, nature and scope of economics of education; Concept and components of human
capital– Human capital verses physical capital; Education as an instrument for economic
growth; Determinants of demand for education– public and private demand for education.
Unit II: Cost- Benefit Analysis of Education
Cost of education– private cost and social cost, direct and indirect cost; Benefits of
Education– direct and indirect benefits, private and social benefits; Problems in the
measurement of cost and benefits; Education as consumption and investment good;
Contribution of education to economic growth.
Unit III: Educational Planning and Economic Growth in India
Economics of education planning in developing countries with special reference to India;
Role of financing in education; Financing of education in India– equity and efficiency effects
of financing education in India; Role of public v/s private educational institutions;
Implications of GATS on Indian education and financing; Implications of Sarva Shiksha
Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Uchatar Shiksha Abhiyan;
Twelfth five year plan and education.
Unit IV: Economics of Health Definition and scope of economics of health; Determinants of health care; Economic
dimensions of health care; Appraisal of health care financing; The concept of human life
value– benefit-cost and cost effectiveness approaches; Institutional issues in health care
delivery.
Unit V: Public Health and its Financing in India
Public health scenario in India– types and extent of diseases their causes and implications;
Issues in public hygine; Resource mobilisation and utilisation for health care in India; Pricing
and subsidies to health sector; health care expenditure; Role of public v/s private health care
institutions; Implication of GATS and IPR for health care and financing.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Baru, R.V; Private Health Care in India, Sage Publications, New Delhi
2. Becker, G.S (1974), Human Capital. 2nd Edn., NBER, New York.
3. Berman, P and M.E.Khan (1989), Paying for India’s Health Care. Sage Publications.
New Delhi.
4. Blang, M; An introduction to Economics of Education, Cambridge University Cohn,
Press E and T.
5. Cohn, E and T.Gaske (1989), Economics of Education, Pergamon Press, London.
6. Klarman, H.E. (1965), Economics of Health, Columbia University Press, New York.
7. Krishnakumar T and Rao K.N. (1987), Financing of Health Services in India:
Perspectives and Issues, Department of Economics, University of Hyderabad
(Mimeographed), September.
8. Panchamukhi, P.R.(1980), Economics of Health: A Trend Report, ICSSR Survey,
Allied, New Delhi.
9. Rothenberg J. (1951), Welfare Implications of Alternate Methods of Financing
Medical Care, American Economic Review, Proceedings, May.
10. Tilak. J.E.G (1989), Economics of Inequality in Education, Sage, New Delhi.
11. Woodhall, M; Cost – benefit Analysis in Educational planning, Columbia University
Press, New York World Bank; The world Development Report, OUP, New York.
12. World Bank (1983), The World Development Report: Investing in Health. Oxford
University Press, New York. Education for Development.
13. World Bank, (1987), The Financing Health Services in Developing Countries: An
Agenda for Reform, World Bank Policy Study, Washington.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
41
Financial Institutions & Markets Course code: MEC-E1437
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Financial System
Nature and structure of the financial system; Functions of the financial sector; Equilibrium in
financial markets; Financial system and economic development; Indicators of financial
development; Importance and stability of financial systems; Criteria to evaluate assets– risk
& financial assets; Risk-return trade-off.
Unit II: Banking System
Evolution, meaning and functions of financial intermediaries; Types of banks– commercial
banks, development banks and merchant banks; Portfolio management by commercial banks;
Reforms in the banking sector; Banking innovations; New technology in banking.
Unit III: Financial Markets in India
Indian money market– structure and characteristics; Sub markets– call money market,
treasury bill market, commercial bill market, certificate of deposits, commercial papers,
discount market; Indian capital market– structure and types; Insurance sector- components &
function; Role of IRDA (Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority).
Unit IV: Stock Exchange and its Regulations
Stock exchange– evolution, importance and functions; Organization and working of stock
exchange in India– OTCEI, NSE, BSE; Stock exchange regulations–security contract
regulation Act; SEBI– role and functions; Role of FIIs.
Unit V: International Financial Market
International financial markets– nature, organisation and participants; Spot and forward
market; Reforms in international monetary system and their impact on developing countries;
Role of FDI; Role of IMF, IBRD, IFC, IDA and ADB with reference to India; Euro-
dollar/Euro Currency Market.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
42
References:
1. Bhole, L. M. (2002), Financial Institutions and Markets. Tata McGraw Hill & Co.
New Delhi.
2. Miskin, F. (2003), The Economics of Money: Banking and Financial Markets.
Addison Wesley Longmate, New York.
3. Gupta, S. B. (2001), Monetary Economics. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
4. Hubbard, G. R. (1997), Money, the Financial System and Economy. Addison Wesley,
N. York
5. Thomas. M. et. al (1984), Money, Banking and the Economy. W. W. Norton and
Company, New York,
6. Robinson, R. I. (1981), Financial Markets. McGraw Hill, London.
7. Smith, P. F. (1978), Money and Financial Intermediation: the Theory and Structure of
Financial System. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
8. Chandler L. V. and Goldfeld, S. M. (1977), The Economics of Money and Banking.
Harper & Row, New York.
9. Burton, Maureen and Bruce Brown. The Financial System and the Economy
Principles of Money and Banking. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
10. Mishkin, F. (2007), Monetary Policy Strategy, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
43
Economics of Infrastructure and Real Estate Course code: MEC-E1438
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Introduction
Infrastructure and economic development; Infrastructure as a public good; Social and
physical infrastructure; Special characteristics of public utilities; The peak-load, Off-Load
Problem, Dual Principle Controversy; Economies of scale of joint supply; Marginal cost
pricing vs. other methods of pricing in public utilities; Cross-subsidization – free prices,
equity and efficiency.
Unit II: Energy Economics
Primacy of energy in the process of economic development; Factors determining demand for
energy; Effects of energy shortages; Energy conservation; Renewable and non-conventional
sources of energy; Energy modelling; The search for an optimal energy policy in the indian
context.
Unit III: Electricity, Gas and Water Supply
Bulk supply and pricing of electricity; The relative economics of thermal, hydel and nuclear
power plants; The case for a national power grid; Financing water utilities; Urban and rural
water supply; The exploitation of natural gas; Pricing problem.
Unit IV: Economic Fundamentals of Real Estate Markets
Demand– population and employment; Supply– existing stock and new construction; Market
equilibrium; Market dynamics and the role of expectations; Three approaches to real property
valuation– Market (sales) comparison, income and cost
Unit V: Environmental Issues in Real Estate
Sustainability in real estate development; Applicability of environmental impact assessment
in real estate development and management; Environmental assessment of sites for real estate
development and state policies, EIA of large-scale development i.e. Residential complexes,
townships, malls and roads.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Crew, M.A. and P.R. Kleindorfer (1979), Public Utility Economics, Macmillan,
London.
2. Indian Council of Social Sciences Research (ICSSR) (1976), Economics of
Infrastructure, Vol. VI, New Delhi.
3. National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) (1996), India
Infrastructure Report: Policy Implications for Growth and Welfare, NCAER, New
Delhi.
4. Parikh, K.S. (Ed.) (1997), India Development Report 1997, Oxford, New Delhi.
5. Parikh, K.S. (Ed.) (1999), India Development Report — 1999-2000, Oxford, New
Delhi.
6. Turvey, R. (Ed.) (1968), Public Enterprises, Penguin, Harmondsworth.
7. Nelson, J.R. (1964), Marginal Cost Pricing in Practice, Prentice-Hall, Englewood-
Cliff.
8. Phillips, A. and O.E. Williamson (Eds.) (1967), Prices: Issues in Theory, Practice and
Public Policy, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
9. Kneafsey, J.T. (1975), Transportation Economic Analysis, Lexington, Torouts.
10. Munty, D. (Ed.) (1968), Transport : Selected Readings, Penguin, Harmondsworth.
11. Norton, H.S. (1971), Modern Transport Economics, C.E. Merrill, London.
12. Fariss, M.T. and R. Sampson (1975), Public Utilities, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
13. Garfield, P.J. and W. Lovjoy (1964), Public Utility Economics, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs.
14. Government of India (1968), Interim Report of P&T Enquiry Committee,
Government of India, New Delhi.
15. Jha, R., M.N. Murty and S. Paul (1990), On Fixing Prices for Postal Services in India,
National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi.
16. Aronofsky, J., A. Rao and M. Shakeen (Eds.) Energy Policy, North Holland,
Amsterdam.
17. Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (1996), India: Energy Sector, CMIE, Mumbai.
18. Government of India (1980), Report of the Committee on Power (Rajadhyaksha
Committee), New Delhi.
19. Goeters, J.E, “Environmental Issues in Real Estate” Amazon Books
20. Witkin . J.B. “Environmental Aspects of Real Estate Transactions” Amazon Books
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
45
Economics of Growth Course code: MEC-C1441
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Basic Growth Models
Growth v/s development; Factors affecting growth and development– capital, labour and
land; Growth model– Harrod and Domer growth model, problem of instability; Neoclassical
growth models– Solow, Meade and Joan Robinson.
Unit II: Technical Progress and Growth Accounting
Technical progress– Hicks, Harrod; Embodied and disembodied technological changes;
Learning by doing; Growth accounting– production function approach to economic growth;
Cambridge growth models– Kaldor and Passinetti; Golden rule of accumulation; Two sector
model.
Unit III: Endogenous Growth Theory
Role of technology in growth; Technology creation through research and development;
Determinants of R&D; Modelling relationship between technology creation and growth;
Contribution of education to growth– Denison’s approach, social infrastructure and long run
economic performance; Endogenous growth model– AK Model.
Unit IV: Growth Theory– International Aspects
Trade and Development; Trade as an engine of growth; Gain from trade – static and dynamic;
Models of regional growth rate differences– Prebisch and Seers; An export led growth model;
Balance of payments constrained growth; Import substitution as strategy; Dual gap analysis.
Unit V: Policies and Economic Development
Role of monetary and fiscal policies in developing countries; Financing economic
development– domestic and external sources; Foreign capital and economic development-
FDI and FIIs; Role of MNCs; Rationale for planning in developing economies.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References
1. Adelman, I. (1961), theories of Economic Growth and Development, Stanford
University Press, Stanford.
2. David N Weil (2009), Economic Growth (2nd Edition), Pearson, Education, India.
3. Robert J. Barro and Xavier Sala-i-Martin (2007), Economic Growth (2nd Edition),
Printice, Hall of India, New-Delhi.
4. A P Thirwal (1999/2006), Growth and Development, (6th/8th Editions), Palgrave
Macmillan, U.K.
5. Hagen, Everette (1975), The Economics of Development.
6. Higgins Benjamin (1976), Principles of Economic Development
7. Malcolm Gills, Perkins, Romer, Snodgrass, Economics of Development, W.W.Norton
and Company, New York.
8. Mair.GM and Riuch.J.E (2000), Leading Issues in Economic development, Oxford.
9. Michael P Todaro, Stephen C Smith (2003), Economic Development (8th edition),
Pearson Education, Delhi.
10. Ray, Debraj (2003) ‘Development Economics’, Oxford Indian Paperbacks, OUP.
11. Jaydeb Sarkhel , Growth Economics
12. Sen, A.K. (1970), Growth Economics, Selected readings, Penguin books.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
47
Political Economy Course code: MEC-C1442
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Nature of Political Economy and Classical Economic Thought
Political Economy– origin and growth; Classical thought; Adam Smith– philosophy of
naturalism, theory of growth and value, theory of distribution; David Ricardo– theory of
value, growth and distribution and theory of rent; Malthus– theory of value and theory of
gluts.
Unit II: Socialistic School of Thought
Rise of socialism; State socialism– contributions of Karl Rodbertus and Ferdinand Lassalle;
International revolutionary socialism– Karl Marx and Engels; Marx’s theory of surplus
value; Marx analysis of economic crises.
Unit III: Marginalism and Neo-Classical School of Thought
Marginalist Revolution; S.W Jevons– philosophy, theory of marginal utility and exchange;
Karl Manger– philosophy, arguments on methodology; Leon Walras– ideological defense of
capitalism; Alfred Marshall– scope of political economy, philosophy and method.
Unit IV: Keynesian thoughts and New Issues in Political Economy
J.M Keynes economic thought– general characteristics of his system of economic thought
and its contemporary relevance; The political economy of development; How the economy is
political and Why; Globalization and justice; The golden age of managed capitalism, power,
the state and contemporary political economy, globalization, the financial crisis and the
recession; Types and forms of economic crisis (1930s vs 2008).
Unit V: Indian Economic Thought
Founder of Indian economics: Dadabhi Naoroji, G.K. Gokhale, and R.C. Dutt; Economic
ideas of V.K.R.V.Rao, C.N.Vakil, D.R.Gadgil, Ghandian and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and their
relevance in 21st century; Recent contributions of Amartya Sen’s– ideas on freedoms,
capabilities and justice.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Bhatia H. L. (1993), History of Economic Thought. Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
2. Eric, R. (1975), A History of Economic Though. Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
3. Guide and Rist, (1973), A History of Economic Doctrine. Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
4. Haney L. (1979), History of Economic Thought. Surjeet Publications New Delhi.
5. Hunt, E. K. (2004), History of Economic Thought - A critical Perspective. Shubhi
Publications, Gurgoan, India.
6. Mark Bloug (1983), Economic Theory in Retrospect. Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
7. Mirrless, J. A. (1976), Optimum Tax Theory: A Synthesis. Journal of Public
Economics, Vol.
8. Mirrless, J. A. (1986), The Theory of Optimal Taxation. Handbook of Mathematical
Economics, Vol. 3, Arrow, K. J. and Intreligator (Eds.) North-Holland Amsterdam.
9. Sen A. K. (1991), Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivations,
Oxford University Press Oxford.
10. Sen A. K. (2009), Idea of Justice. Penguin Group of Books Ltd. London
11. Stanley.L. Brue. The Evolution of Economic Thought. The Dryden press, Harcourt,
Brace college publishers.
12. Ostram, E. (2008), How do Institutions for collective action Evolve? Fourth lecture
in the Golden Jubilee Series, IEG, New Delhi.
13. Website. www.nobelprize.org.
14. Younis, M. (2005), Grameen Banks Struggling Members Programme. Grameen
Communications www. grameen.Info.org
15. Younis, M. An Autobiography of Founder of Grameen Bank, Oxford University Press
USA
16. Bornstein, D. (2005), The Price of Dream-The Story of Grameen Bank. Oxford
University Press, New York.
17. Sachs, J. (2005), The End of Poverty. Penguin Books, New York
18. Krugman, P. (2008), An Autobiography. Princeton Weekly Bulletin, Vol. 98
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
49
19. Krugman, P. (1995), Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition and Positive Theory
of International Trade. Hand book of International Economics, edition-I, volume 3,
chapter 24.
20. Eisner 3-36; Caporaso & Levine, vii-55; Eisner 3-36; North, 3-45; 92-104.
21. Caporaso & Levine, 159-196; Economist, "Efficient Market Theory" and
"Macroeconomic Theory," [MG]; Open Secrets Lobbying and Influence site; [MG];
Baumgartner et al, "Does Money Buy Public Policy?" [MG]; "Wall Street Mobilizes
to Raise Debt Ceiling" [MG].
22. Eisner, 162-203; Eichengreen, "Origins and Regulatory Consequences of the
Subprime Crisis" [MG]; CBO, The Impact of the Stimulus, mid-2011 [MG]; CBO,
Effect of Govt Spending on Economic Growth [MG]; Aizenman and Pasricha, "The
Net Fiscal Expenditure Stimulus in the US, 2008-9" [MG]; TBA.
23. North, 131-140; Caporaso & Levine, 197-225; Smeeding, "Public Policy, Economic
Inequality, and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective" [MG]; TBA.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
50
Environmental Economics Course code: MEC-C1443
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Fundamentals of Environmental Economics
Nature and scope of environmental economics; Pareto optimality and competitive
equilibrium; Demand and supply of bads; Market failure and environmental degradation–
public goods, externalities and common property resources; Economic activity and
environment quality– interactions and trade-offs; Environmental Kuznets curve.
Unit II: Environmental Demand Theory
Measurements of environmental values– use value and non- use value; Valuation of
benefits– methodological issue; Valuation methods– methods based on observed market
behaviour; Hedonic pricing and household production models– travel cost method and
household production function; Methods based on response to hypothetical markets–
contingent valuation methods.
Unit III: Environmental Regulation
The economic theory of pollution control; Command and control verses market based
instruments; Coase bargaining solution; Economic incentives– effluent and emission taxes,
tradable pollution permits; Liability laws; Micro planning for environment preservation–
water sheds and joint forest management.
Unit IV: Optimal Use of Natural Resources
Various approaches to sustainability; Theories of optimal use of exhaustible and renewable
resources; Integrated environmental and economic accounting and measurement of
environmentally corrected GDP for sustainable development; Valuation of eco-system
services of natural resources.
Unit V: International Dimensions of Environment
International trade and environment in WTO regime; International trade and environmental
damage-scale and composition; International environmental externalities; Trans-boundary
pollution; Global environmental challenges, International response to climate change;
Political economy of environmental issues.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
51
References:
1. Baumol, W. J& W.E. Oates, The theory of environmental policy, Cambridge University
Press.
2. Bromely, D.W (Ed) Handbook of Environmental Economics, Blackwell, London.
3. Hanley, N.J.F Shogern & B. White Environmental Economics in theory and practice,
Mcmillan.
4. Hussen, A.M principles of environmental economics, Routlege, London.
5. Kolstad, C.D Environmental Economics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
6. Sankar, U (Ed) Environmental Economics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
7. Crones, R and The theory of externalities and public goods, Cambridge University,
Sandler Press, Cambridge.
8. Ostrom, E. Governing the commons; The evolution of institutions
9. Charles S. P. (2000), Economics and Global Environment, Cambridge University Press.
10. Barry C. F. and Martha K. F. Environmental Economics. McGraw Hil
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
52
Advanced Econometrics Course code: MEC-E1441
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Qualitative Response Regression Models
Nature of qualitative response model; The Linear Probability Model, Logit, Probit and Tobit
models, their applications.
Unit II: Simultaneous Equation Models
Introduction and examples; Simultaneous equation bias and inconsistency of OLS estimators;
The identification problem; Rules of identification– order and rank conditions; Methods of
estimating simultaneous equation system– recursive methods and OLS, indirect least squares
(ILS); 2SLS; Maximum likelihood and introduction to 3SLS.
Unit III: Time Series Analysis I
Time series models and analysis; Stationarity and non-stationarity, correlogram, unit roots,
co-integration, spurious regression, Dickey-Fuller test, Engle-Granger test, white noise
process, Random walk model
Unit IV: Time Series Analysis II
Forecasting with multivariate regression model; Time series models and forecasting: MA,
AR, ARMA and ARIMA Models, Box-Jenkins methodology; Introduction to Vector
autoregression.
Unit V: Panel Data Techniques Panel data techniques; Estimation of panel data regression model– fixed effects model and
random effect model; Fixed versus random effect model.
Note: Emphasize will be laid down the practical application from all technique in each unit.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
53
References:
1. Amemiya, T. (1985), Advance Econometrics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
Mass.
2. Brockwell P.J. and Davis R.A (2002): “Introduction to Time Series and Forecasting”.
3. Deaton, A.S., the Analysis of Household Surveys: a Micro-Econometric Approach to
Development Policy.
4. Enders, W.( 2003), “Applied Econometric Time Series“, 2nd Edition.
5. Goldberger, A.S. (1998), Introductive Econometrics, Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, Mass.
6. Gujarati, D.N. (1995), Basic Econometrics (4th Edition), Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi.
7. Hamilton, J.D.(1994), “Time Series Analysis”, Princeton University Press.
8. Harris, R. and R. Sollis: "Applied Time Series Modelling and Forecasting”.
9. Hill R. C, E.G. William and G.G. Judge (1997), Undergraduate Econometrics, Wiley,
New York.
10. J. Johnston, (1991), Econometrics Methods, Mcgraw Hill (Fourth Edition)
11. Kennedy. P. (1998), A Guide to Econometrics (Fourth Edition), Mit Press,
New York.
12. Kmenta, J. (1997), Element of Econometrics (Reprint Edition), University of
Michigan Press, New York.
13. Krishnamurty, K. and V. Pandit, (1985), Macroeconomic Modelling of the Indian
Economy, Hidustan.
14. Maddala, G.S: (Ed.) (1993), Econometric Methods and Application (2 Volumes).
15. James D.Hamilton, Time series Analysis, “Princeton univ. press Princeton, New
jersey”
16. William W.S.Wei , Time series Analysis, univariate & multivariate methods- 2nd
edition.
17. Harvey A.C., Time series Models 2nd edition, MIT press.
18. Wayne a. Fuller, Introduction to statistical time series 2nd edt.
19. Gebhard Kirchgassner, Jurgen Wolters, Introduction to Modern time series Analysis,
Springer press.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
54
Agricultural Economics Course code: MEC-E1442
Max. Marks: 60 Unit: I Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
Nature and scope of agriculture economics; Role of agriculture in economic development;
Linkage between agriculture and industry; Theories of agriculture development: Schultz,
Mellor and Boserup; Fei-Renis model of agriculture development; Role of agriculture in
Indian economy; Regional variations in agriculture production and productivity in India;
Agriculture credit and marketing policy in India; Crop insurance policy; Second green
revolution.
Unit: II Economics of Agricultural Production
Resource use and efficiency in agriculture- Production function analysis- Factor combination
and resource substitution; Cost and supply curves; Size of farm and laws of returns;
Theoretical and empirical findings; Farm budgeting approach.
Unit: III Issues in Agriculture Development
Issues and problems in rural industrialization and development of agro-based industries;
Labour absorption and gender issues in agriculture services; Sustainable agriculture;
Indigenous practices, Biotechnological practices and growth potential; Organic farming;
Impact of globalisation and WTO on agriculture trade.
Unit: IV Demand and Supply of Farm Products
Characteristics of demand for farm products– Concept and measurement of own price, cross
price and income elasticity’s of demand and their interrelationship; Quantity and quality
components of demand; Characteristics of supply of farm products– Issues relating to
specification of supply response function (Distributed lags, acreage v/s production response)-
Rigidities in farm supply response; Supply of inputs– irrigation, power, seed and fertilizers.
Unit: V Post harvest Management
Post-harvest Handling– Cleaning the product, sorting, packaging, quick cooling, good
refrigerated storage, good transportation & distribution; Physical factors in post-harvest
quality, principal physical factors and Measurement of physical factors; Biological factors in
post-harvest quality; Post-harvest pest and damage they cause; Approaches to pest
management in stored grain; Technology and management of storage; Storage structures;
Small-scale storage in developing world– Medium and large scale storage; Storage
management; Food preservation and processing.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Agribusiness Management in India –Text & Cases - Dr. SubhashBhave
2. Agricultural Marketing in India – S. S Acharya and N L Agarwal -Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co Pvt Ltd Calcutta
3. American Economic Association, Readings in Agricultural Economics.
4. Bhaduri, A. The Economic Structure of Backward Agriculture, Macmillan, Delhi.
5. Bilgrami, S.A.R. Agricultural Economics, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Chaudry, P, readings in Indian Agricultural Development, George Allen &Unwin,
London.
7. Dantwala M.L. (ed.)(1991), Indian Agricultural Development since Independence,
Second Revised Edition, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
8. Heady E.o. (1961), Economics of Agricultural Production and Resource Use, New
York Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall.
9. K. Subbarao (1989), Agricultural Marketing and Credit, ICSSR.
10. Mellor J.W (l969), The Economics of Agricultural Development, Vhora & Co.
Cornell University Press.
11. Penson J.B., Capps Oral, Rosson CP. (1996), Introduction to Agricultural Economics,
PrenticHall,Inc.
12. Rao, Hamumantha C.H. Agricultural growth, Rural poverty and environmental
degradation in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi
13. Sadhu A.N. & Singh Amarjit (1966), Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics
Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi.
14. Saini, G.R. Farm size, resource use efficiency & Income distributions, Allied
Publishers, New Delhi Chadha, G.K & A.N.Sharma, Growth, Employment and
Poverty: change and continuity in Rural India, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
15. Soni, R.N; Leading Issues in Agricultural Economics, Arihant Press, Jalandhar
16. Southworth Herman and Bruce Johnston (eds.) (1968), Agricultural Development and
Economic Growth, Cornell University Press, New York
17. Vaidhanathan, A. (1995), the Indian Economy: Crisis, Response and Prospects, Orient
Longmans, New Delhi.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
56
International Finance Course code: MEC-E1443
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Fundamentals of International Finance
Meaning and scope of international finance– balance of payments as determinant of demand
for and supply of foreign currency; Exchange rate – determinants of/ factors affecting
exchange rates; Current account deficit v/s balance of trade and their implications for
exchange rate; International monetary system– gold standard, Bretton woods system,
contemporary international monetary system.
Unit II: Foreign Exchange
Foreign exchange market– functions; Instruments– spot, futures, forwards, swaps, and
options; Theories of exchange rate determination– purchasing power parity, interest rate
parity; Monetary and asset market (portfolio balance) model– exchange rate overshooting;
Exchange control– objectives and methods of exchange control; Current and capital account
convertibility; Currency exchange risk and their management– hedging, arbitrage and
speculation.
Unit III: International Capital Flows
Classification of international capital flows– direct and portfolio investment, government,
institutional and private capital, short term and long term capital, home and foreign capital;
Importance and role of foreign capital; Trade and investment; Theories of international
investment; Factors affecting international capital movements; Growth and dispersion of FDI
and MNCs.
Unit IV: International Banking and Economic Organisations
Growth of international banks; Non-banking financial companies; Euro-currency market–
origin, growth and the participants; IMF, World Bank, International Development
Association, IFC and ADB.
Unit V: Financial and Debt Management
Role of external debt in developing nations; Global financial crisis– reason, effect and
measures; Interrelationship between currency, Banking and financial crisis– proposal to
resolve the debt crisis; New international financial architecture.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
57
References:
1. Ahmad Khan Masood, (1992), Euro-Currency Market: Structure and Working, Indus
Publishing Company.
2. Bo-Sodersten and Geofrey Reed, (2003), International Economics, Macmillan,
London.
3. Brain Tew. (1985), the Evolution of International Monetary’ System, Hutchinson.
4. Franciso L. Rivera- Batiz, and Luis Rivera- Batiz, (1989), International Finance
Open Economy Macroeconomics, Mazewell Macmillan International Edition.
5. Keith Pilbeam, (2000), international finance, Mac Millan, 4th Edition.
6. Michael Melvin International Money and Finance 6th Edition, Addison-Wesely.
7. Moris Goldstein, (1998), the Asian Financial Crises; Causes, Cures and Systemic
Implication Washington Dc, June.
8. Obstfied, M and Rogoff, K (1983), “Foundations of International Macroeconomics”,
MIT Press, 1996. Pecchioli, R.M., the Internationalization of Banking, Oecd, Paris.
9. Paul R Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld International Economics Theory and practice
Pearson Education, Singapore.
10. Rajwade, A.V., (1996), Foreign Exchange, International Finance and Risk
Management, Acacdemy of Business Studies.
11. Richard M. Levich, International Financial Market, Mc Graw Hill.
12. Sachs, J and Radelet, Steven (1998), “The East Asian Financial Crisis; Diagnosis,
Causes and Cures, institute of International Devolvement, Us, April. Also, Published
in Banking Papers on Economy Activity.
13. Salvatore D. International Economics 7th Edition (John Wiley and sons), Tata
Mcgraw-Hill.
14. Shapiro, Alan C., (2003), Multinational Financial Management, John Wiley and
Sons, Seventh Editions, Chapter3.
15. Thomas A.Pugel, (2004), International Economics, TMH.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
58
Jammu & Kashmir Economy Course code: MEC-E1444
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Macroeconomic Scenario and Policy
Macroeconomic aggregates: NSDP, PCY– trends during five year plans; Sectoral changes;
11th five year plan– objectives and achievements; Poverty and unemployment in the state;
Budgets and budgetary management; State finance–sources and disbursement; Latest finance
commission’s recommendations; Food management in J & K; Regional disparities; Position
of J&K economy among Indian states with respect to socio-economic indicators.
Unit II: Agriculture and Allied Activities
Agriculture proper– critical analysis of land use pattern and cropping pattern; Production and
productivity of food grains during five year plans; Horticulture– area, production and export
of fruits during current five year plan, problems and developmental initiatives; National
Horticulture Mission; Livestock– population, production and developmental initiatives;
Forests– species wise forest cover, export of forest produce and developmental initiatives;
Saffron production; Fisheries– achievements and policy measures; Future prospects of
agriculture and allied activities.
Unit III: Industry
Industrial scenario in J&K; Industrial policy resolution, 2004; SSI Units in the state– status
and rehabilitation; PSUs in J&K– SIDCO, SICOP, Handicrafts Corporation Limited, J&K
Minerals Limited, SRTC; Handicrafts– production and exports; Sericulture– profile and
development initiatives; Tourism– inflow, revenue, developmental initiatives; Future
prospects of industrial growth.
Unit IV: Social Sector
Health– overview, health indicators, health care infrastructure, NRHM; Education– literary
trends in the state; SSA; Major achievements of higher education during the current and
previous five year plans; Water and sanitation– rural and urban water supply schemes; Total
sanitation campaign; Power sector-generation, strategy and reforms; Connectivity– road
network, PMGSY.
Unit V: Banking and Communication
Performance of commercial banks; Priority sector lending, Kisan credit card scheme,
Financial inclusion, Non-performing assets, NABARD– development and initiatives; Micro
finance; Cooperative banking structure; Communication– teledensity, internet connections,
post offices and telecommunication status; Future prospects of banking and communication
sector.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Singh, J. (2004), The Economy of Jammu and Kashmir, Radha Krishnan Anand &
Co, Jammu.
2. DES, Digest of Economics and Statistics, latest issue, Government of J&K, Srinagar.
3. DES, Indicators of Regional Development 2007-08, Government of J&K, Srinagar.
4. DES, Economic Survey 2008-09, Government of J&K, Srinagar.
5. Godbholey Committee Report on Economic Reforms for J&K, 1998, Government of
J&K, Srinagar.
6. Bhat M.S & M L Misri (1994), Poverty planning and Economic Change in J&K.
Vikas publishing House
7. Bakshi. S. R, (2002), History of Economic Development in Kashmir, Gulshan
Publishers J& K.
8. Development Report of J&K State, 2003.
9. Bhat, K. A. (2005), Strategizing Industrial Development in J&K. New Century
Publication. New Delhi.
10. Ministry of Finance, J&K Budgets. Government of J&K, Srinagar.
11. Census of India (2001), Analytical Report on Housing Amenities, Office of the
Registrar General and Census Commissioner, New Delhi.
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Industrial Economics Course code: MEC-E1445
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Concept, Organisation and Efficiency
Conceptual framework of Industrial Economics– history and scope of industrial economics;
Forms industrial organizations of firm; Objectives and motives of the firm; Industrial
efficiency– determinants and its measurement.
Unit II: Market Structure and Demand Forecasting
Market structure– standard forms of market structure; Concept of workable competition;
Market concentration– concept and its measurement; Demand forecasting– need, types and
techniques; Meanings and objectives of diversification, vertical integration and merger– its
motives and measurement.
Unit III: Growth of Firm and Industrial Location
Theories of growth of firm– Downie, Penrose and Marris theories; Industrial location
analysis– determinants of industrial location; Industrial location theories– Weber and Sargent
Florence; Causes of industrial imbalance, Industrial locational pattern in India.
Unit IV: Industrial Finance Industrial finance– need, types and sources of finance; Financial ratios– its classification and
description; Interrelatedness of financial ratios; Standards for comparison of financial ratios;
Problems of financial analysis; Profitability– concept and its measurement.
Unit V: Investment Decisions
Nature and types of investment decisions; Methods of project evaluation– the payback
method, the net present value method (NPV), and the internal rate of return method (IRR);
Appraisal of public projects—Shadow pricing (Little–Mirrlees and UNIDO approaches),
Social cost-benefit analysis.
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Reference: 1. Ahluwallia, I.J, (1985), Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
2. Bains, J.S (1996), Industrial Organization, Cheltenham, U.K. An Elgar Critical
Writings, Reader.
3. Barthwal, R.R, (2007), Industrial Economics, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi.
4. Cherumlam, F, (1994), Industrial Economics, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
5. Desai, B, (1999), Industrial Economy in India, Himalaya Publishing House,
Mumbai.
6. Divine, P.J, (1976), An Introduction to Industrial Economics, George Allen &Unwin
& R.M. Jones Ltd. London.
7. Hay. D.D and D.I. Morries (1979), Industrial Economics theory and Evidence,
Oxford Press.
8. Kamien, M.T. & N.L.Schwartz, (1982), Market Structure and Innovation, Cambride
University Press, Cambridge.
9. Kirkpalrich C.M. N. Lee and E.I Nexon (1984), Industrial Structure and policy in
less development countries, ELBS George Allen an Unwin.
10. Kuchal, S.C. (1980), Industrial Economy of India, Chaitanya Publishing House,
Allahabad.
11. Martin, S, (2003), Advanced Industrial Economics, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
12. Mookherjee, D, (1994), Indian Industry Policies and Performance, Sage
Publications, New Delhi.
13. Ramamurti.R.R. Vernon (ed) (1991), Privatization and Control of state owned
Enterprises, Washington, the World Bank.
14. Rogor Clarke, (1985), Industrial Economics, Bazil Blackwell, New York.
15. Sandesara, J.C, (1992), Industrial Policy and Planning 1947– 1991: Tendencies,
Interpretations and Issues, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Computer Application in Economics
Course code: MEC-E14446 Max. Marks: 60
Unit I: Introduction to Computers
Computer; Characteristics of computers; Basic applications of computer; Components of
computer system- Central Processing Unit(CPU),VDU, keyboard, mouse and other
input/output devices; Computer memory; Concepts of hardware and software; Classifications
of computers; Introduction to binary system.
Unit II: Introduction to MS Office
Word processing basics- opening word processing package, menu bar, using the icons below
menu bar, opening and closing documents, printing of documents, text manipulation,
formatting the text, table manipulation.
Excel spreadsheet- elements of spreadsheet, creation of cells and addressing of cells,
manipulation of cells, providing formulas, spreadsheets for small accountings.
Power point- basics, creation of presentations, title, text creation, fonts, presentation of slides,
types of slides, importing text from word documents, slide designs, footnotes, slide
manipulation and slide show, presentation of slides.
Unit III: Introduction to Information Systems
Introduction information systems, Information systems in global business today; How
businesses use information systems, E-business, E-commerce, B2B, B2C models, Electronic
stock markets, electronic trading, online shopping and malls.
Unit IV: Computer Communication and Internet
Basics of computer networks- LAN, WAN; Internet, concept and applications of internet;
WWW and websites, electronic mails, communication on internet.
Unit V: Introduction to Tally
Fundamentals of Tally ERP 9, Tally ERP 9 start-up; Basic financial accounting, gateway of
tally, report display, report printing, account masters list; Traders accounting sales purchase
voucher/invoice, accounts receivables & payables, outstanding bills statements; Invoicing &
inventory, introduction to inventory system, basic inventory masters, invoicing, invoice
printing, inventory reports.
Lab work will include units II, IV and V.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. P.K. Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, BPB Publications, New Delhi.
2. V. Raja Raman, Fundamentals of Computers, PHI, New Delhi.
3. Alexis Leon and Mathews Leon: Introduction to Computers with MS-Office, TMH.
4. Ashok K. Nadhani, Mastering Tally, ERP 9, BPB Publications.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Indian Public Finance Course code: MEC-E1447
Max. Marks: 60 Unit I: Public Policy
Meaning and objectives of fiscal policy; Review of fiscal policy since 1991; Fiscal
responsibility and budget management Act, 2003; Deficit Financing– meaning, objectives
and causes; Effects of deficit financing.
Unit II: Indian Tax Structure
Salient features and drawbacks of Indian taxation structure; Union Government– Direct taxes
-custom and excise duties, personal income tax, corporate profit tax; Indirect taxes-
CENVAT; State Government– sales tax/VAT, stamps and registration fees; local
governments– property tax, house tax and water tax; Tax reform– assessment of progress,
issues in GST and DTC.
Unit III: Centre State Financial Relations Principles of multi-unit finance; Fiscal federalism in India; Vertical and horizontal
imbalance; Assignment of functions and of sources of revenue; Logic of the constitutional
scheme; Resources transfer from Government of India– Finance commission and planning
commission; Problems of state indebtedness; Financial resources to Panchayati Raj
institutions and other local self-government agencies.
Unit IV: Public Expenditure System Central and state subjects; Classification and trends of public expenditure in India; Structure
of government expenditure– centre and states; Government budgeting– purpose and
classification; Performance and programme budgeting in India; Zero base budgeting;
Analysis of latest central budget; Deficit – types (fiscal and revenue), structure and trends.
Unit V: Public Debt
Theories and sources of public debt; India’s public debt– extent, trends & structure; Internal
and external debt; Debt position of states; Effects of public debt; Management of public debt
in India; Methods of repayment.
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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References:
1. Amaresh Bagchi, (2005), (ed), Readings in Public Finance, OUP India.
2. Machiraju, M. R. 1999, Indian Financial System. Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
3. Sudipto Mundle: Public Finance policy issue for India, OUP.
4. Mundel, S. (1999), Public Finance Policy - Issues for India, Oxford University Press
N. V.P. Gandhi, Some Aspects of India’s tax structure.
5. Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Finance Commission Report.
6. Government of India, Economics Survey.
7. D.N. Dwivedi, (ed.) Readings in Indian Public Finance.
8. B. Mishra, Economic of Public Finance.
9. Chelliah, R.J. Towards Sustainable Growth: Essays in Fiscal and Financial Sector
Reforms in India.
10. Robin.W. Boadway, Public Sector Economics.
11. Divedi.D.N: Readings in Public Finance.
12. Datt, R. & Sundaram, P.K, Indian Economy.
13. P.H.Jackson and C.V.Brown, Public Sector Economics
14. Govinda Rao M. and Sen Tapas K. Fiscal Federalism in India: Theory and Practice
Department of Economics Central University of Kashmir
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Dissertation Work Course code: MEC-E1448
Max. Marks: 100
Guidelines for the Dissertation Work
The scheme and syllabus of the M.A. Programme in Economics suggests that students
shall do a final Dissertation Work for attaining intellectual maturation for research. The
Dissertation Work is a major document that reflects the skills of the student to investigate
critically a topic/problem, the ability to gather and analyze information, and to present and
discuss the results/investigation concisely and clearly. The guidelines to be followed in the
preparation and submission of the Dissertation Work are as given here under.
1. Dissertation Work is allowed only to those students who have secured at least 65% in
first and second semester and had opted for theory of Statistics/ Advanced
Econometrics.
2. The students may choose any topic from the subject he/she has studied, including the
social and economic issues in the local/regional context.
3. The Dissertation Work should be supervised by a faculty approved by the University.
4. The students shall prepare and submit the Dissertation Work report to the University
through Department.
5. The report should be typed 1.5 spaced in ‘Times New Roman’ with font size 12 with
“1.5” wide margin on left and ‘1’ on the right printed in one side of the paper only.
Maps, tables and charts should be in black and white only. They should be serially
numbered, sequentially, following references to them in the text.
6. The Dissertation Work report should be bound (spiral or other ways).
7. The Dissertation Work report should be submitted to the University/ Department after
the last paper of end semester examination.
8. The student shall prepare four copies of the report; one copy for submitting to the
University through Department for circulation, one copy for Department, one copy for
library and one for personal reference.
9. Structure of the Dissertation Work:
• Title page
• Certificate from the supervising teacher and HOD
• Certificate by the students
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• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• List of Tables and graphs
• List of Abbreviation
• An Abstract of the Dissertation Work. The abstract constitutes an executive
summary, which provides a brief outline of the objectives, scope of the work,
the methodology used, the main findings and results achieved and any
conclusions and recommendations made. This should appear before the
introductory chapter.
• Chapter 1: Introduction (which includes importance of the study, objectives of
the study, methodology and data source, Chapter frame, Concepts used,
limitations of the study etc)
• Chapter II: Review of Literature
• Chapter III: Profile of the study area (Optional)
• Chapter IV: Data Analysis (Core of the report)
• Chapter V : Summary of Findings and Conclusions
• Select Bibliography (In referencing and bibliographic preparation, the APA
(American Psychological Association) style sheet is recommended).
• Appendix: Questionnaire/Schedule, other exhibits, case etc.
10. A Dissertation Work must be the student’s own work and must not contain any
plagiarized material.
11. Evaluation of the Dissertation Work: The internal/ external evaluation shall be done
by the University/ Department as in the case of the core papers.
12. If it is sent for external evaluation, external assessment of the Dissertation Work is
to be done from Kashmir valley only. Accordingly, the examiners’ assessment of the
Dissertation Work will be based on a variety of features. These include amongst
others: understanding of the topic; methodology used, the standard of presentation;
the adequacy of the literature survey and data search; integration with literature;
interpretation of data and results; ability to explain findings; the correct usage of
referencing system; etc.
13. The evaluation of Dissertation Work will carry 100 marks (60 for Evaluation
Dissertation Work and 40 for Viva Voce). The university may invite one examiner
for conducting the Viva Voce examination of the student.