15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 1
Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio----Syngas Syngas Syngas Syngas ––––
Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries
Dr. Stephan Kabasci
Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safetyand Energy Technology UMSICHTBusiness Unit Manager »Renewable Resources«
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 » Biorefineries«
National German Workshop on Biorefineries
Worms, 15.09.2009
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 2
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Succinic acid
3. Biodiesel
4. Bio-Syngas
5. Summary
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 3
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft at a glance
Karlsruhe
DarmstadtWürzburg
Jena
Stuttgart
Duisburg
Oberhausen
Nuthetal
Dortmund
Oberpfaffenhofen
München
Saarbrücken
St. Ingbert
Erfurt
Magdeburg
Halle
Dresden
Leipzig
Ilmenau
Cottbus
Braunschweig
Berlin
PotsdamTeltow
Aachen
Schmallenberg
Sankt Augustin
Erlangen
FürthNürnberg
Freising
Holzkirchen
Pfinztal
Freiburg
Efringen-Kirchen
RostockItzehoe
Hannover
Bremen
Euskirchen Chemnitz
WertheimKaiserslautern
Schkopau
Paderborn
58 institutes 1.5 billion € budget 15 000 employees
Fraunhofer UMSICHT
� Networks: Energy, SusWater
Alliances and networks
� Microelectronics
� Production
� Materials and components
� Life sciences
� Information and communication technology
� Surface technology and photonics
� Defense and security
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© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 4
Fraunhofer UMSICHT at a glance
Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology
Four Key Research Areas
� Biorefinery
Products from Renewable Resources
� Matfunc
Structured and Functionalized Materials
� Modular Energy Technologies
Flexible Solutions for Sustainable Energy Systems
� Information Networks for Process and Energy Technology
Utilization of Dispersed Know-how in Value Chains
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© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 5
Biorefineries at a glance
� »Biorefinery is an overall concept of a processing
plant where biomass feedstocks are converted and
extracted into a spectrum of valuable products.«
(US-DoE, E3 Handbook, 2000)
� Biorefinery concepts should fit to regional biomass
production characteristics
���� decentralized production systems
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 6
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Succinic acid
3. Biodiesel
4. Bio-Syngas
5. Summary
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 7
Succinic acid = C4H6O4 = dicarboxylic acid
� Succinic acid can be produced from renewable resources by fermentation under consumption of carbon dioxide
� Succinic acid is a bifunctional molecule, that can be converted to:
� Monomers for high value polymers (polyamides, polyesters)
� Specialty chemicals and environmentally friendly solvents
OHOH
O
O
Succinic acid – Platform for chemicals and polymers
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 8
Succinic acid – Process chain
Renewable
resources
Platform
Succinic acid
Solvents
THF����-ButyrolactoneDialkylsuccinates
Intermediates
Succinic acidanhydrideSuccinodintrile
Polyester 44
Polyamide 44
Fermentation
Monomers
1,4-Diamino-butane
1,4-Butanediol
Research group funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agri-culture and Consumer Protection and the FNR (Agency for Renewable Resources)
BMELV/FNR, FKZ 22024905
OHOH
O
O
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© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 9
Succinic acid – Fermentation
Renewable
resources
Platform
Succinic acid
Fermentation
OHOH
O
O
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
5
10
15
20
25 Standard 11 g/l Saccharose 17 g/l Saccharose 23 g/l Saccharose
Nat
ronl
auge
(5
M)
[ml]
Zeit [h]
Standard 11 17 2350
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Aus
beut
e (g
/g)
[%]
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© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 10
Succinic acid – Esterification
Platform
Succinic acid
Diethylsuccinate
OHOH
O
O
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
CAT 1 (0,2 w/w) CAT 2 (0,2 w/w) CAT 3 (0,2 w/w) CAT 4 (0,2w/w)
Diethyl succinateDiethyl succinateDiethyl succinateDiethyl succinate
Monoethyl succinateMonoethyl succinateMonoethyl succinateMonoethyl succinateSuccinic acidSuccinic acidSuccinic acidSuccinic acid
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© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 11
Succinic acid – Polymerization
Polyamide 44
Monomers
1,4-Diamino-butane
1,4-Butanediol
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 12
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Succinic acid
3. Biodiesel
4. Bio-Syngas
5. Summary
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 13
� Fats and oils are an important renewable reseource
� Transesterification process necessary (energy, waste)
� Objective: Improvement of competitiveness
� facilitating downstream processing
� accelerating reaction rate
� increasing ester yield
� addressing feedstock variabilty
Novel catalysts
Biodiesel – Novel production process
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 14
H2N NH3+
NH
H2N NH3+
NH-O O-
O
Biodiesel – Guanidine-carbonate (G2C process)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time / minutes
FA
ME
/TG
in F
AM
E /
wt.-
%
0
5
10
15
20
PG
in F
AM
E /
wt.-
%
FAMETriglyceridesMonoglyceridesDiglyceridesGlycerine
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IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 15
� FAME-content > 95 wt.-% in only one reaction step
� Short reaction times
� No soap formation
� simpler and faster phase separation
� reduction of washing water
� Facilitated downstream processing
� Higher tolerance to fatty acids
� Tremendous new glycerol quality
� no inorganic salt contents
� no purification required prior to use as
raw material for fermentation (lactic acid,
succinic acid, propanediol etc.)
Biodiesel – Advantages of the G2C-process
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 16
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Succinic acid
3. Biodiesel
4. Bio-Syngas
5. Summary
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 17
Bio-Syngas – General process scheme
Raw Syngas
H2/CO = 1.20
Upgraded Syngas
H2/CO = 1.7 ... 2.0
Gasification
Dust filter
Tar removal
S-removal
CO-Shift
CO2-rem.
Biomass
Oxygen
SyngasHeat
utilization10 bar 30 bar
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 18
Bio-Syngas – Reaction overview
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 19
Bio-Syngas – Ethanol synthesis
3 H3 H3 H3 H2222 + 3 CO + 3 CO + 3 CO + 3 CO � CHCHCHCH3333----CHCHCHCH2222----OH + COOH + COOH + COOH + CO2222
Reaction conditions: T ca. 275 ºC, p ca. 100 bar (Lit.)
Selectivity: 75%
STY = 320 kgethanol/Nm3catalyst ·h
Heterogeneous catalysts
Research agenda: Syngas purity, esp. N2, CO2
Choice of catalyst, p, T
Selectivity optimization
Mixed alcohols C1 - C4 as fuel
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 20
Bio-Syngas – Economics of ethanol synthesis
Plant size 100 000 t/a
Investment
Pulp.&Ferm. 264 Mio €
Syngas 180 Mio €
Biomass 50 €/t (db)
Production cost
Pulp.&Ferm. 0,85 €/l
Syngas 0,44 €/l 0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Biomass price [€/Mg] dry basis
Eth
anol
cos
t pr
ice
[€/l]
via Pulping & Fermentationvia Gasification and Synthesis
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 21
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Succinic acid
3. Biodiesel
4. Bio-Syngas
5. Summary
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 22
� Biorefinery is the concept of intelligent biomass utilization – not a single technology or plant layout
� Different processes and products will be suitable for different regional conditions
� Fraunhofer UMSICHT is working on succinic acid, biodiesel and bio-syngas processing
� Further development in key technologies (catalysis, biotechnology, downstream processing, process integration …) is necessary
� Agricultural production system and logistics have to be integrated
� New concepts should be examined by LCA
Concluding remarks
15.09.2009
© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
IEA Bioenergy, Task 42 Biorefineries, Worms 15.09.2009
No. 23
Succinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and BioSuccinic Acid, Biodiesel and Bio----Syngas Syngas Syngas Syngas ––––
Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries Building Blocks for Biorefineries
Dr. Stephan Kabasci
Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safetyand Energy Technology UMSICHTBusiness Unit Manager »Renewable Resources«
Thank you for attentionThank you for attentionThank you for attentionThank you for attention
Bei Fragen wenden Sie sich bitte an:Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHTDr.-Ing. Hartmut PflaumLeiter Marketing, Kommunikation, UnternehmensplanungOsterfelder Straße 346047 OberhausenTel.: 0208-8598-1171E-Mail: [email protected]
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