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PLANTMETABOLISM
Dr. Idha Kusumawati, S.Si., Apt., M.Si.
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Plant Metabolism
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Primary Metabolites
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the sugars made upof glucose and its isomers
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Polysaccharides
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Polysaccharides
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Polysaccharides
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Cotton Boll – Pure Cellulose
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Gluey Polysaccharides
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Pectin and emicellulose
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Gum Arabic ! Acacia senegal
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Stora"e Polysaccharides
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Inulin-erusalem articho!e
Another Stora"e Carbohydrates
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Proteins
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Proteins
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" Structural proteins ma!e
up # to $%& of the cellwall in plants.
" '(pansins help increase
the surface area of cell
walls.
" '(tensins help protect
or repair damaged cell
walls." )he plant cell
membrane is about *%&
structural proteins.
Proteins
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Proteins
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Proteins
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Pa#ain $ Chymo#a#ain
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Bromelain
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LIPI%S
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OILS
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OLI&E OILS
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'A(ES
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Bayberry 'a)
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*o+oba 'a)
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Secondary Metabolites
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Secondary Metabolites
d b li
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Secondary Metabolites
not involved in any primary
biological activities of the plant
(e.g. photosynthesis, development)
> 30,000 secondary metabolites
identified
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Turlings et al. 1990
herbi,or
edama"e
arti-cial
dama"e
arti-cialdama"e
.
re"ur"itantno
dama"e
.re ur ita
Chromato"ra#hicPro-le
/unction o0
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/unction o0Secondary Metabolites
S d M b li
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Chemical ClassCompound
ExamplePlant
Examples
TerpenoidsLargest group with
structures identified,~30,000 compounds
Monoterpenes 'ssential oils and+olatiles e.g.
menthol
Mint
Sesuiterpenes
Diterpenes
)riterpenes Cucumber
)etraterpenoids
PhenolicsMore ubiquitous in
terms of presence in plants
)anninsCondensed
tannins/a!s
0ignins
1la+onoidsNitrogen
Containing Al!aloids 2icotine, Cocaine )obacco
Nitrogen andSulfur Containing
3lucosinolates SinigrinCabbage and other
4rassicaceae
Secondary Metabolites
Al1 l id
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" Al!aloids generally include al!aline substancesthat ha+e nitrogen as part of a ring structure.More than 5*%% al!aloids are !nown and are thelargest class of secondary compounds. )hey are+ery common in certain plant families, especially6
" peas 7 1abaceae" sunflower 7 Asteraceae" poppy 7 8apa+eraceae" tomato 7 Solanaceae
" dogbanes 7 Apocynaceae" mil!weeds - Asclepiadaceae" citrus 7 9utaceae.
Al1aloids
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Ter#enoids
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Ter#enoids
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/la,onoids
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/la,onoids
More Phenolics
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More Phenolics
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Minor Secondary Metabolites
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Minor Secondary Metabolites
Mustard Oil
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Mustard Oil