RESEARCHONINNOVATIONANDTRANSFORMATIONFORPEOPLE
ANDTHEPLANET
PerOlsson@perserudsper
StockholmResilienceCentre
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A safe and just space for humanity
Source: Oxfam
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A safe and just space for humanity
World Social Science Report 2013
Photo:KajTörök
Adaptability and Transformability
• ADAPTABILITY is the capacity of a SES to adjust its responses to changing external drivers and internal processes and thereby allow for development within the current stability domain, along the current trajectory.
• TRANSFORMABILITY is the capacity to create new stability domains for development, a new stability landscape, and cross thresholds into a new development trajectory.”
Walker et al. 2004, Folke et al. 2010
“…some now consider it easier to accept future temperature increases of up to 4 °C or more within this century (along with other environmental and social changes) than to pursue transformative strategies to avoid such changes.” O’Brian (2012)
Outlineoftherestoftheday
1. TransformaKonExercise
2. ScalingExercise
3. Agency
1 TransformaKon
Transformingbureaucracies
InsKtuKonalisingparKcipatoryapproachesandprocessesfornaturalresourcemanagement
LimitaKonswithexisKngframeworks
• Tends to miss the ecological dimension of such shifts addressing only the social dimension will not be sufficient to guide society toward sustainable outcomes.
• Societies may undergo major transformations without improving their capacity to learn from, respond to, and manage environmental feedback from dynamic ecosystems
Olssonetal.2014
UnderstandingtransformaKonsinsocial-ecologicalsystems
ConK
nuity
ChangeMacro
Meso
Micro
DrawingonmulKpleapproachesandlensesinSEStransformaKonstudies
Prepare
Window of Opportunity Navigate
Stabilize
Preparing for transformation • Engage stakeholders to
identify dysfunctional states and raise awareness of problems
• Identify thresholds, plausible alternative states, pathways, and triggers
• Identify the barriers to change, potential change agents, and strategies to overcome barriers
• Build strategic networks
Navigating the transition • Identify potential crises
and use them as opportunities to initiate change
• Maintain flexible strategies and transparency
• Foster institutions that facilitate cross-scale and cross-organizational interactions and stakeholder participation
Building resilience of the new regime
• Create incentives and foster values for stewardship in the new context
• Initiate and mobilize social networks of key individuals for problem-solving
• Foster interactions and support of decision makers at other levels
M.Leach2012
Olsson et al 2004
Triggers
Transformations in a water management regime in the Tiscza River, Hungary
Transformations in a water management regime in the Tiscza River, Hungary
Sendzimiretal2008
Shadow networks
Olssonetal.2006
• Characterized by political independence and out of the fray of regulation and implementation
• Incubators - places to develop alternative policies, dare to learn from each other, and think creatively about how to resolve resource problems
• Their ability to link in to the formal political arenas and networks at different levels
Exercise
Macro/Landscapes-geographicalposiKonoftheland,climate,availableresources,poliKcalconstellaKons,economiccycles,andbroadsocietaltrendsMeso/Regimes-dominantrule-sets,socialnetworksandorganizaKons,prevailinginfrastructuresMicro/Niches-smallprotectedspacesinwhichnewpracKcescandevelop,protectedfromharshselecKoncriteriaandresistancefromprevailingregimes
Threescales
Fig.2
Macro
Meso
Micro
NavigaKngtransformaKonsingovernanceofChileanmarinecoastalresources
Gelcich et al. 2010
PhasesoftransformaKon
Gelcich et al. 2010
Exercise• Apply the transition management framework to create a
timeline of the development of the governance transformation in Chile
• Identify significant events and transition points. Think about political, social, cultural, economic, and ecological aspects.
• Observe and analyze relationships across time and scales - success or failure at one level might be explained by opportunities or barriers at other levels – alignment, breakthrough or falling apart, accomplishments, crisis, failures, etc.
2 Scaling
CopyrightPolicymic
Photo:©2010BruceRMitchell
CopyrightPolicymic
Changing the system dynamics that created the problem in the first place
AsocialinnovaKonisanyiniKaKve,product,process,programordesignthatchallenges
and,overKme,changes,thedefiningrou$nes,resourceandauthorityflowsor
beliefsofthebroadersocialsysteminwhichitisintroduced.SuccessfulsocialinnovaKonshavedurability,scaleandtransformaKve
impact.
Social-ecological innovations�
AnyiniKaKve,product,process,programordesignthatchallengesandoverKmechangesthedefiningrouKnes,resourceandauthorityflowsorbeliefsofthebroadersocial-ecologicalsysteminwhichitisintroduced.Successfulsocial-ecologicalinnovaKonshavedurability,scalabilityandtransformaKveimpact.Theyfundamentallychangeshuman-environmentalinteracKonsandfeedbacks.TheyenhancethecapacityofEarth’secosystemstogenerateessenKalservices. �
OlssonandGalaz2012
Veta la Palma - Integrated Fish Farm
IntroducingCBRMinSolomonIsland
Abernathy,Bodin,Olssonetal2014
SpreadofCBRMinSolomonIslands
Photo:GarthCripps/BlueVentures
Bricolage - drawn from the junk collectors in France and defined as making creative and resourceful use of whatever materials are at hand - regardless of their original purpose ��Recombining existing and new ideas to form something novel (Levi-Strauss 1962)�
SpreadofCBRMinSolomonIslands
SpreadofCBRMinSolomonIslands–bricolage
MerrieandOlsson2014
BigPictureBoaomUpInnovaKons
Exercise!
WhatisthesocialinnovaKoninthisfilm–isitproduct,process,program,designorallofthese?IdenKfyasmanyoftheelementsasyoucan,andhowtheyareconnected.HastheinnovaKonscaledout?Why?Hasitscaledup?Inotherwords,towhatextentdoyouseetheiniKaKveashavinganimpactontheflowsofresources,power/authority,rouKnesand/orbeliefsthatcreatedtheprobleminthefirstplace?DoyouseeparadoxesthattheBarefootCollegeseekstoresolve?
Exercise-BarefootCollege
3 Agency
Westley,Olssonetal.2011Westleyetal.2011,Westley,etal.2013
Photo: www.flickr.com/photos/37365478@N03/3465479992/
KeyActors• Malaysia,Indonesia,Philippines,PapuaNewGuinea,TimorLeste,SolomonIslands• ConservaKonInternaKonal,CI,WorldWildlifeFund,WWF,NatureConservancy,TNC• AsianDevelopmentBank,ADB• AsianPacificEconomicCooperaKon,APEC• GlobalEnvironmentFacility,GEF• UnitedStatesAgencyforInternaKonalDevelopment,USAID
CoralTriangleIniEaEve(CTI)aninternaKonalagreementandpartnershipforecosystem-basedmanagementofcoastalandmarineresourcesintheCoralTriangle.Nexus–climatechange,biodiversityandfoodsecurity
RosenandOlsson2013
‘‘Aeer9/11,andlatertheBali-bombings,itbecameakeyobjecKvetosupportpoliKcalstabilityinSoutheastAsia.ThestructureprovidedbytheCTIprovidedagoodopportunitytoincreasepoliKcalpresenceintheregion’’(Interview32).
RosenandOlsson2013
‘‘IllegalfishinginAustralia’snorthernwatershasincreaseddramaKcallyinthepastfiveyears.Morethan240foreignvessels–mostofthemIndonesian–havebeenapprehendedthisyearforfishingillegally…Illegalfishingdepletesfishstocksandposesseriousenvironmental,quaranKneandsecurityriskstoAustralia’’[56].
RosenandOlsson2013
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