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Transcription1
Transcription 2
Translation1
Translation2
Mutations
Where does transcription take place? (name part of eukaryotic cell)What are copied from DNA during transcription?
In the nucleus!Produces RNA
(mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)Transcription #1 100
What are the sites on Prokaryotes called that regulate gene expression during transcription?
Why is gene regulation important in Eukaryotes?
Regulatory Sites Without these gene expression could not be controlled (turn on or off) in Prokaryotes
RegulatorySites
Transcription #1 200
Gene regulation in Eukaryotes allows for cell specialization
What is the function of the promoter?
Binding site of the RNA Polymerase to begin making
mRNA
Transcription #1 300
An ______________is a group of genes that work together to
regulate transcription in prokaryotes
Operon
Transcription #1 400
How does the lac repressor turn off the lac genes in the lac operon?
By binding to the operator and blocking transcription by RNA Polymerase
Transcription #1 500
Transcribe this DNA strand into mRNA…
T A C A C G C A G T C A (DNA)
mRNA
T A C A C G C A G A T T (DNA)
A U G U G C G U C U A A(mRNA)
Each codon has 3 nucleotides each
Transcription #2 100
What is the entire process of transcription and translation
called?
Protein SynthesisTranscription #2 200
When an mRNA is being transcribed, what is edited out
and what is kept in?
IntronsOut!
“junk”
Exons In!
Transcription #2 300
What is this object leaving the nucleus after transcription?
Transcription #2 400
mRNA
What is the part of a Eukaryote’s DNA that signals where the RNA
polymerase is to begin transcribing?
Hint:
Transcription #2 500
The TATA Box is the promoterregion in eukaryotes for transcription.
Where does the mRNA go for translation to occur?
Out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to the ribosome
Translation #1 100
Cytoplasm
Once the mRNA is in the cytoplasm, what RNA recognizes and wraps around the mRNA?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)Translation #1 200
Where does the ribosome (rRNA) begin reading the mRNA? What amino acid does this code for?
Begins at the “Start” codon AUG (Remember: It’s the month we start school)
AUG codes for Methionine (Met)
Translation #1 300
What happens to the amino acids that are brought to the ribosome by the
tRNA’s during translation?
Amino Acid
Translation #1 400
The amino acid joins the growing polypeptide chain (protein). The tRNA then leaves to find another amino acid.
Amino Acid
When do tRNA’s stop bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Translation #1 500
When a STOP codon is reached on the mRNA strand.
Translation #1 500
Stop codon
Polypeptide chain released into cytoplasmand the ribosome falls off of the mRNA which is disposed of by the cell.
Translate this mRNA
A U G U G C G U C U A A
mRNA
A U G U G C G U C U A A
Amino Acids
Met Cys Val Stop
This is TRANSLATION!!!Translation #2 100
What does this wheel show?
What process is taking place when you use this wheel?
Translation #2 200
Shows the GENETIC CODE
The process is TRANSLATION
How many codons specify for the amino acid Threonine? What are they?
What is the max possible number of codons for a single amino acid?
Translation #2 300
ThreonineACGACAACCACU
6 is the maximum number or
codons possible for an
amino acid!
What brings the amino acid to the ribosome to make proteins during
translation?
Translation #2 400
tRNAbrings
1 AminoAcid
How many different codons are there?
How many different amino acids are there?
Translation #2 500
Different codons
Different amino acids
What is a gene mutation?Not a real
picture
Change in nucleotide sequence
Mutations for 100
Of the following mutations, which one of these is not a gene mutation?
SubstitutionDeletion InsertionInversion
Gene mutation in mice.
Mutations for 200
Substitution = Point Mutation (gene)Deletion = Frame Shift Mutation (gene)Insertion = Frame Shift Mutation (gene)
Inversion = Chromosomal Mutation
I bet he can catch 3x
more flies!
What type of gene mutation is it when a nucleotide is inserted or
deleted?
Mutations for 300
Frame Shift Gene Mutation
The amino acid sequence is no longer
the same because the codons have
shifted
Name all types of chromosomal mutations
Mutations for 400
What genes control the basic plan for where organs and tissues are to go in an
embryo?
Mutations for 500
Hox GenesNOT a real picture!!!
