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Presented By:Amrita Mathur
OLAP v/s OLTP
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Which are ourlowest/highest margin
customers ?
Which are ourlowest/highest margin
customers ?
Who are my customers
and what productsare they buying?
Who are my customersand what products
are they buying?
Which customersare most likely to goto the competition ?
Which customers
are most likely to goto the competition ?
What impact willnew products/services
have on revenueand margins?
What impact willnew products/services
have on revenue
and margins?
What product prom--otions have the biggest
impact on revenue?
What product prom-
-otions have the biggestimpact on revenue?
What is the mosteffective distribution
channel?
What is the mosteffective distribution
channel?
A producer wants to know.
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Data, Data everywhereyet ...
I cant find the data I need
data is scattered over thenetwork
many versions, subtledifferences
I cant get the data I need need an expert to get the data
I cant understand the data Ifound
available data poorly documented
I cant use the data I found results are unexpected
data needs to be transformedfrom one form to other
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What is a Data Warehouse?
A single, complete andconsistent store of dataobtained from a variety
of different sourcesmade available to endusers in a what theycan understand and use
in a business context.
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What are the users saying...
Data should be integratedacross the enterprise
Summary data has a real
value to the organization
Historical data holds thekey to understanding data
over time
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OLTP OLTP = online
transaction processing
The process of movingdata around to handle
day-to-day affairs Scheduling classes
Registering students
Tracking benefits
Recording payments, etc.
ATM
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OLTP
Run the business in real time OLTP systems captures
transaction immediately asthey occur.
Database Systems have beenused traditionally for OLTP.
Optimized to handle largenumbers of simple read/write
transactions
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OLTP example : ATM
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Limitations of OLTP
OLTP does not have repositories offacts and historical data for businessanalysis.
Cannot quickly answer adhocqueries.
Data is inconsistent and changing. Duplicate entries exists.
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OLAP : Online Analytical Processing
OLAP is the process of creating andsummarizing historical, multidimensionaldata To help users understand the data better
Provide a basis for informed decisions Allow users to manipulate and explore data
themselves, easily and intuitively
More than just reporting
Reporting is just one (static) product ofOLAP
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OLAP Databases
OLAP systems require support databases
These databases typically Support fewer simultaneous users than OLTP
back ends Are structured simply; i.e., denormalized
Can grow large Hold snapshots of data in OLTP systems
Provide history/time depth to our analyses
Are optimized for read (not write) access
Updated via periodic batch (e.g., nightly) ETLprocesses
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13MonthMonth
11 22 33 44 776655
Pr
oduct
Pr
oduct
ToothpasteToothpaste
JuiceJuiceColaCola
MilkMilk
CreamCream
SoapSoap
Regio
n
Regio
n
WWSS
NN
Dimensions:Dimensions: Product, Region, TimeProduct, Region, Time
Hierarchical summarization pathsHierarchical summarization paths
ProductProduct RegionRegion TimeTime
Industry Country YearIndustry Country Year
Category Region QuarterCategory Region Quarter
Product City Month WeekProduct City Month Week
Office DayOffice Day
Multi-dimensional Data
HeyI sold $100M worth of goods
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OLAP database servers
OLAP database server supports commonanalytical operation as:
Slicing and Dicing
Roll up
Drill down
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Slicing and Dicing
Product
Sales Channel
Reg io
n s
Retail Direct Special
Household
Telecomm
Video
Audio IndiaFar East
Europe
The Telecomm Slice
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Roll-up and Drill Down
Sales Channel
Region Country
State
Location Address Sales
Representative
RollU
p
Higher Level ofAggregation
Low-levelDetails
Drill-D
own
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Application-Orientation vs.Subject-Orientation
Application-Orientation
OperationalDatabase
LoansCreditCard
Trust
Savings
Subject-Orientation
DataWarehouse
Customer
Vendor
Product
Activity
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OLTP OLAP
Users Clerks, IT professionals Knowledge workers
Function Day to day operations Decision support
DB Design Application oriented Subject orientedView Detailed, flat relational Summarized,
multidimensional
Usage Structured, repetitive Adhoc
Unit of work Simple transactions Complex queries
Access Read/Write Read
Records
Accessed
Tens Millions
Users Thousands Hundreds
Database Size 100 MB-GB 100 GB-TB
Metric Transaction throughput Query throughput
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To summarize ...
OLTP Systems areused to runabusiness
OLAP helps tooptimizethebusiness
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University Questions
Q. Differentiate between OLTP and OLAP.
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THANK YOU
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