Nucleic AcidsInformation Storage and Energy Transfer
Nucleic Acid Basics
Made of C,H,O,N,P SPONCHMonomer is a nucleotideFunctions
- information storage - information transfer
- energy transfer
Meet the Monomer-Nucleotide
P = Phosphate GroupS= 5 Carbon Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)B= Nitrogen Base
Meet the Polymer
• Polymers of nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides joined by condensation reactions
• They are held together by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another
- called phosphodiester bonds
Meet the Polymers
• DNA 2 chains of nucleotides held RNA together by H Bonds
Nucleic Acid Types-DNA • Deoxyribonucleic Acid• made of two strands of
nucleotides• Form a double helix• DNA stores hereditary
information - recipes for the
proteins• found in the cell’s
nucleus
Nucleic Acid Types- RNA• Ribonucleic Acid• Single strand of nucleotides• forms a single helix• transfers information from
the DNA to the ribosomes - carries a protein recipe to
the ribosome -ribosomes are structures in a cell
that make protein
DNA- stores protein recipes in the nucleusRNA – transfers them to the ribosome to be built
DNA vs. RNA
• Double stranded Single Stranded
• Sugar–Deoxyribose Sugar – ribose
• Nitrogen Bases Nitrogen Bases Adenine Adenine Thymine Uracil Guanine Guanine Cytosine Cytosine
Base Pairing
Nucleic Acid Types - ATP• Adenosine Tri-Phosphate• ATP is a single nucleotide• high energy molecule• produced by cellular
respiration• transfers energy within
cells
DNA/RNA vs. ATP DNA or RNA ATP
Nucleic Acid Types-ADP• Adenosine Di-Phosphate• Single nucleotide• “rechargeable” energy transfer molecule• Lower energy than ATP• Cellular respiration
converts ADP into ATP
• DNA contains the original message• mRNA copies the message with “opposite”
image = transcription• tRNA brings amino acids to mRNA in ribosome
= translation• Codon-anticodon relationship
Gene Expression
Codon-anticodon relationship
Flashcards for Fun and Profit
• Elements found in Nucleic Acids• Functions of Nucleic Acids• Parts of a nucleotide• Phosphodiester bonds• Structure and function of DNA• Role of H bonds in DNA• Structure and function of RNA• Structure and function of ATP• Structure and function of ADP
