GREEN FIEND
GREENFIEND1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345
ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION
MISSION (EIM) IN MT. NEGRON
AGHAM / CEC /
KALIKASAN
20 JANUARY 2012
ST. SCHOLASTICA’S
ACADEMY, SAN FERNANDO,
PAMPANGA
PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT !
RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL PLUNDER
AND DESTRUCTION!
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
Outline
• Objectives of the EIM
• Biodiversity assessment
• Inventory and assessment of flora and fauna using the
Line Plot Sampling Technique
• Agricultural assessment
• Hydrologic and geologic assessment
• Salient findings
• Recommendations•
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
BIO-PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
OF MT. NEGRON
Biodiversity assessment team
(October 26-30, 2011)
• Foresters – CEC Phils / KALIKASAN
• Biology students – PUP Sta.Mesa
• Physicist – AGHAM/PUP Sta.Mesa
Geology, Hydrology and Agriculture team(December 9-12, 2011)
• Geologists – AGHAM/UP NIGS
• Agriculturist - AGHAM
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
OBJECTIVES OF THE EIM
1. To assess the biological diversity in Mt. Negron
2. To generate information that will be critical in the general advancement of knowledge on the diverse resources found in the Mt. Negron
3. To generate information that will provide scientific basis for the possible impacts of mining activities in the ecosystem of Mt. Negron, considering also its effects in the life of indigenous peoples living in the area.
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT
• Biodiversity greatly influence
the stability of ecosystems found in the forests
• hence has direct relevance to
the sustainability of the ability
of the forests to perform the
various environmental goods
and services (i.e., protection,
soil and water conservation
provision of basic needs and
socio-cultural values) crucial to
the society
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT
OF FLORA AND FAUNA
Line-plot sampling technique
- a transect which has been divided into two:
1. Transect
following the
North direction-seven 20 x 20 meter
plots were made,
with 100 meter
interval between two
plots.
2. Along the river -from the last plot (7th
transect), following
the river, four points
have been
established at 300
meters intervals each
Satellite image with identified plots
along the transects established within
Sitios Tapuac, Kundipit and Tappi,
Mount Negron, Porac, Pampanga.
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
LIST OF TREES FOUND IN
7 PLOTS IN MT. NEGRON
Local Name Scientific Name Family Abundance
Karal Albizia procera Fabaceae 15
Pangkol Aralia bipinnata Araliaceae 5
Tui Bischofia javanica Phyllantaceae 7
Tebey Ficus nota Moraceae 4
Manaba
Lagerstroemia
speciosa Lythraceae2
Binunga Macaranga tanarius Euphorbiaceae 5
Total 38
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
LIST OF REGENERATION OF
TREES FOUND IN MT. NEGRON
• 61 tree species with a total of 1189 individual regenerations
• these include the
sapling and wildlings--
show the possible
vegetation of the area
for the next 15 years
• these species have
important economic,
medicinal, aesthetic
and cultural uses that
sustain the lives of the
Aeta people
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
ECONOMIC USES OF TREES
FOUND IN MT. NEGRON
Behind the monetary values of trees, Aetas also regard the
economic importance of trees in accordance to their use/
contribution in their daily lives such as –
• providing lumber for shelter, (Dulit, Iwis, Pintog)
• fuelwood (Kil-ong)
• religious statues (Kato-kato)
• even for making board games, Daros (Kamayong), and
• guitar (Laniti)
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
MEDICINAL USES OF TREES
FOUND IN MT. NEGRON
Trees also play a vital role in providing remedies for a range
of health problems, which is evident in their vibrant
indigenous knowledge systems. Among these are—
• Manaba that induces good menstrual flow• Nasala which promotes calmness• Maapatning that cures hearing problems• Bangaba which is known to relive ulcer• Binunga and Ala-ala which are both used by mothers to heal binat
• Matangdilaw for eye problems• Nasapid that neutralizes gastric acidity• Nawnet for faster wound healing• Nato which aids in faster reccuperation, and • Tukay-tukay which encourages appetite
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
TREES WITH SPECIAL USES
• Karal’s (Albizia procera) sap are used as poison by dipping the
tip of an arrow to kill the enemies or used when gathering or
hunting food
• “Tyasaas” is used for security purposes--the leaves of this tree
produce sound when disturbed or touched thus serving as
warning whenever somebody or someone is approaching
• Kalasag or armor of the matutubang (warriors) are made of tree
called “Tagipo” because of the strong properties of the tree in
terms of protecting the warriors from enemies
• “Pogipog” is considered as “wishing tree” for Aetas
• Amoy-amoy and Kaawat, -emits foul odor --used as a natural
insect-repellant
• Mindagat’s sap exudates are used as a dye
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
ANIMALS, BIRDS AND INSECTS IN MT. NEGRON
• Plants in Mt. Negron provide a wide variety of needs by the
animals
• Total of 18 faunal orders under 11 classes (insects, bees,
ants, cockroaches, frogs, toads, worms, birds, lizards,
spiders, boars, bats) : play important roles in the ecosystem
• Mt. Negron is already a disturbed area for animals, but
further disturbance will destroy the habitat of the said fauna
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
AGRICULTURE IN MT. NEGRON
Methodology• Soil analyses were conducted through
rapid soil testing
• Agrodiversity and soil texture were also
evaluated
• Location of the sampling sites was determined using GPS
• Key informant interviews were also facilitated with the Aeta
farmers for their farming practices
• Comprehensive online research and review of related
technical literatures were also made to substantiate the
evaluation of the agricultural aspect of this EIM
Area covered for agricultural assessment was Brgy. Camiaswith its three sitios: Patal, Inginglis and Kuyukut.
..
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
SAMPLING POINTS FOR SOIL ANALYSES
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
Soil samples analyzed from the farming
communities that will be directly affected by
the mining operation
Soil Sample
(SS)
Coordinates Type of
vegetation
Sitio Patal
(SS1)
15003’50.8
120025’57.6
Pineapple, Taro
Sitio Patal
(SS2)
15003’50.8
120025’57.6
Taro
Sitio Ininglis
(SS3)
15003’53.2
120024’97.5
Corn, Kamote
Sitio Kuyukut
(SS4)
15004’03.0
120024’10.1
Taro, Banana,
Jackfruit, Cassava,
Beans, Tobacco
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
RESULTS OF RAPID SOIL TESTING
Soil
SamplepH N (%) P K
Soil
Texture
SS1 6.8 Low High Deficient Sandy
SS2 6.8 Low High Sufficient Sandy
SS3 6.0 Low High Sufficient Sandy
SS4 4.8 Low High Sufficient Sandy
On pH:
• soil from Sitios Patal and Ininglis are within the
range of pH with optimum condition
• soil sample from Sitio Kuyukut registered low pH
indicating that the soil is acidic
Nitrogen (N):
• four soil samples registered low N content
• N deficiency may be due to regular crop removal
during harvesting or leaching caused by heavy
rains- plants will glow slow and small
Phosphorous (P)
• also a major factor in soil
fertility
• all soil samples derived
from Brgy. Kamias have
high phosphorous content
Potassium (K)
• presence of K in soil serves
as protection from leaching
• only the soil sample derived
from Sitio Patal is deficient
from K, Ininglis and Kuyukut
(grown with gabi) have
sufficient K content.
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
FARMING SYSTEM Upland farming is the common
agricultural activity of the Aeta communities.
In the parcel of land that they are cultivating,
there are mixed vegetation that involves
root crops, vegetables and trees
No specific cropping pattern is being
followed and their planting seasons are twice
a year.
People also rely on their harvest from the
natural vegetation such as wild banana
that they sell in the local market
For food, they hunt wild pig and they also
catch fish and other aquatic food during dry
season
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
WATER TESTING
Sampling stations were selected to represent the water quality of
the main river and some of its tributaries
On site measurements were done on the following parameters:
Temperature, pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS), Turbidity, Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
Measurements were made on the surface of the river, having
three (3) repetitions for each parameter. Discharge of the river at
each sampling station was also measured using a flow meter.
Other sampling conditions were noted such as weather condition
and date of sampling.
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
MAP OF
SAMPLING
POINTS
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
RESULTS OF WATER TESTING
• Passed the DENR
Standard for fresh
surface water for pH,
Total Dissolved Solids
and Salinity (watershed
and protected areas)
• High turbidity-- this
could be a result of
a high sediment
input upstream of
the station 3
tributary due to
disturbance of the
soil within the
vicinity of the reach.
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
GEOLOGIC FINDINGS
Mount Negron is a potentially active volcano located at
the boundary of 3 provinces- Zambales, Pampanga and Tarlac. • part of a chain of volcanoes-- West Luzon volcanic arc or Tri-
Cabusilan Mountain Range (Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Tayawan and Mt. Pinatubo) that lie along the western side of Luzon, within the tectonic setting of Western Bataan Lineament ((http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/negron.htm)).
• Mt. Pinatubo is the only considered active volcano in the area• Mt. Negron, Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Mataba, Bituin plug, and Tapungho plug
are ancestral satellite vents where ancient eruptions could have taken place.
• Peaks like Mt. Negron, Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Dorst, Mt. Tayawan and Mt.
Donald are believed to have been part of Pinatubo's original peak http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/newhall/index.html
• The magma reservoir of Mt. Pinatubo extends south to Mt. Negron(http://www.unisdr.org/files/3004_fireandmud.pdf)
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
GEOLOGIC FINDINGS
Downstream along Gumain River,
indurated fluvial deposits lie on
both sides of the channel—
• thin to thickly bedded,
alternating beds of clast-
supported and matrix-supported,
polymictic conglomerates
• conglomerates -- fine to coarse sand sized matrix and
pebble to cobble, subangular to subrounded clasts
• clasts are andesites, porphyritic andesites and basaltic
andesites
• phenocrysts of severals clasts are amphibole, plagioclase
and quartz.
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
GEOLOGIC FINDINGS
Along a tributary in Sitio
Bitak/Patumbol, several kilometers
upstream, a massive, highly
indurated pyroclastic flow
deposit was observed
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
GEOLOGIC FINDINGS
upstream in Sitio Kuyukot, loose
pumice deposits of sand to
pebble sizes can be observed, as
well as in other areas along ridges.
• along the river, upstream, highly
fractured andesitic rocks bound
the river-- mineralized but only
pyrite was identified in the rock
sample collected.
• in some areas, the andesites are
porphyritic, while others have
been altered to clay
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
FINDINGS ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA (Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees, in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron)
The more diverse the vegetation, the more diverse the wildlife is and the greater the proportionality of the populations.
• there is a total of 6 species of trees belonging to 6 families
• future vegetation indicated by regenerations recorded
having 61 species belonging to 23 families
• despite the highly disturbed forests in the secondary and
submarginal forests, tree species noted are highly significant
to the lives of Aetas, for they possess indigenous uses which
may not be known to non-Aetas
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
SALIENT FINDINGS (Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees, in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron)
• the presence of wild boar, alamid and eagles
show that forests in Mt. Negron are still
potential for wildlife habitat (particularly for
significant wildlife species). Further degradation
and disturbance to the Mt. Abo ecosystem
might cease the proliferation of such species
• in the absence of good baseline information, it
is conceivable that the original diversity and
richness of flora in the areas now covered by
secondary and submarginal forests are much
higher than the estimates herein reported due
to the degradation of the forests.
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
SALIENT FINDINGS (Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees, in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron)
• mineral resources are not the only significant material but
the biota inside the forest as well that sustain the life of the
IPs from time immemorial
• mining and logging activities can hasten degradation and
depletion of these resources that can affect forest
ecosystem and has large impact to the culture, social and
economic well-being of the indigenous people
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
1. The Class AA Standard of water in Gumain River should
be preserved for several uses: potable drinking, irrigation
and other uses. Large-scale mining operations might
contaminate the riverine system
2. Forest ecosystem must be enhanced for the sustainability
of the various uses of forests: economic, medicine,
cultural
3. Agricultural production can be optimized by diversified
crop production and appropriate technologies that will
bring back nutrients in soil
4. Activities that will hasten degradation and resources
depletion must be prevented
PRESERVING THE BIODIVERSITY AND
WATERSHED IN MT. NEGRON
Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE
1. Reject neo-colonial policies of globalization imposed by
World Trade Organizations (WTO) (liberalization of
mining)
2. Provide economic and political reforms to local agriculture
3. Strengthen the efforts to promote responsible mining,
sustainable agriculture, modernization of agriculture
within the framework
of genuine agrarian reform and
national industrialization
Lasting solutions for the development of
domestic economy, local agriculture and
achieving economic self-sufficiency
GREEN FIEND
GREENFIEND1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345
DEFEND MT. NEGRON FROM
MINING PLUNDER!!
REPEAL MINING ACT OF 1995!
RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL PLUNDER
AND DESTRUCTION!