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GREEN FIEND GREENFIEND 1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345 ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION MISSION (EIM) IN MT. NEGRON AGHAM / CEC / KALIKASAN 20 JANUARY 2012 ST. SCHOLASTICA’S ACADEMY, SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT ! RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL PLUNDER AND DESTRUCTION!
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Page 1: Mt.abo eim3

GREEN FIEND

GREENFIEND1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345

ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION

MISSION (EIM) IN MT. NEGRON

AGHAM / CEC /

KALIKASAN

20 JANUARY 2012

ST. SCHOLASTICA’S

ACADEMY, SAN FERNANDO,

PAMPANGA

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT !

RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL PLUNDER

AND DESTRUCTION!

Page 2: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

Outline

• Objectives of the EIM

• Biodiversity assessment

• Inventory and assessment of flora and fauna using the

Line Plot Sampling Technique

• Agricultural assessment

• Hydrologic and geologic assessment

• Salient findings

• Recommendations•

Page 3: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

BIO-PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT

OF MT. NEGRON

Biodiversity assessment team

(October 26-30, 2011)

• Foresters – CEC Phils / KALIKASAN

• Biology students – PUP Sta.Mesa

• Physicist – AGHAM/PUP Sta.Mesa

Geology, Hydrology and Agriculture team(December 9-12, 2011)

• Geologists – AGHAM/UP NIGS

• Agriculturist - AGHAM

Page 4: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

OBJECTIVES OF THE EIM

1. To assess the biological diversity in Mt. Negron

2. To generate information that will be critical in the general advancement of knowledge on the diverse resources found in the Mt. Negron

3. To generate information that will provide scientific basis for the possible impacts of mining activities in the ecosystem of Mt. Negron, considering also its effects in the life of indigenous peoples living in the area.

Page 5: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT

• Biodiversity greatly influence

the stability of ecosystems found in the forests

• hence has direct relevance to

the sustainability of the ability

of the forests to perform the

various environmental goods

and services (i.e., protection,

soil and water conservation

provision of basic needs and

socio-cultural values) crucial to

the society

Page 6: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT

OF FLORA AND FAUNA

Line-plot sampling technique

- a transect which has been divided into two:

1. Transect

following the

North direction-seven 20 x 20 meter

plots were made,

with 100 meter

interval between two

plots.

2. Along the river -from the last plot (7th

transect), following

the river, four points

have been

established at 300

meters intervals each

Satellite image with identified plots

along the transects established within

Sitios Tapuac, Kundipit and Tappi,

Mount Negron, Porac, Pampanga.

Page 7: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

LIST OF TREES FOUND IN

7 PLOTS IN MT. NEGRON

Local Name Scientific Name Family Abundance

Karal Albizia procera Fabaceae 15

Pangkol Aralia bipinnata Araliaceae 5

Tui Bischofia javanica Phyllantaceae 7

Tebey Ficus nota Moraceae 4

Manaba

Lagerstroemia

speciosa Lythraceae2

Binunga Macaranga tanarius Euphorbiaceae 5

Total 38

Page 8: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

LIST OF REGENERATION OF

TREES FOUND IN MT. NEGRON

• 61 tree species with a total of 1189 individual regenerations

• these include the

sapling and wildlings--

show the possible

vegetation of the area

for the next 15 years

• these species have

important economic,

medicinal, aesthetic

and cultural uses that

sustain the lives of the

Aeta people

Page 9: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

ECONOMIC USES OF TREES

FOUND IN MT. NEGRON

Behind the monetary values of trees, Aetas also regard the

economic importance of trees in accordance to their use/

contribution in their daily lives such as –

• providing lumber for shelter, (Dulit, Iwis, Pintog)

• fuelwood (Kil-ong)

• religious statues (Kato-kato)

• even for making board games, Daros (Kamayong), and

• guitar (Laniti)

Page 10: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

MEDICINAL USES OF TREES

FOUND IN MT. NEGRON

Trees also play a vital role in providing remedies for a range

of health problems, which is evident in their vibrant

indigenous knowledge systems. Among these are—

• Manaba that induces good menstrual flow• Nasala which promotes calmness• Maapatning that cures hearing problems• Bangaba which is known to relive ulcer• Binunga and Ala-ala which are both used by mothers to heal binat

• Matangdilaw for eye problems• Nasapid that neutralizes gastric acidity• Nawnet for faster wound healing• Nato which aids in faster reccuperation, and • Tukay-tukay which encourages appetite

Page 11: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

TREES WITH SPECIAL USES

• Karal’s (Albizia procera) sap are used as poison by dipping the

tip of an arrow to kill the enemies or used when gathering or

hunting food

• “Tyasaas” is used for security purposes--the leaves of this tree

produce sound when disturbed or touched thus serving as

warning whenever somebody or someone is approaching

• Kalasag or armor of the matutubang (warriors) are made of tree

called “Tagipo” because of the strong properties of the tree in

terms of protecting the warriors from enemies

• “Pogipog” is considered as “wishing tree” for Aetas

• Amoy-amoy and Kaawat, -emits foul odor --used as a natural

insect-repellant

• Mindagat’s sap exudates are used as a dye

Page 12: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

ANIMALS, BIRDS AND INSECTS IN MT. NEGRON

• Plants in Mt. Negron provide a wide variety of needs by the

animals

• Total of 18 faunal orders under 11 classes (insects, bees,

ants, cockroaches, frogs, toads, worms, birds, lizards,

spiders, boars, bats) : play important roles in the ecosystem

• Mt. Negron is already a disturbed area for animals, but

further disturbance will destroy the habitat of the said fauna

Page 13: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

AGRICULTURE IN MT. NEGRON

Methodology• Soil analyses were conducted through

rapid soil testing

• Agrodiversity and soil texture were also

evaluated

• Location of the sampling sites was determined using GPS

• Key informant interviews were also facilitated with the Aeta

farmers for their farming practices

• Comprehensive online research and review of related

technical literatures were also made to substantiate the

evaluation of the agricultural aspect of this EIM

Area covered for agricultural assessment was Brgy. Camiaswith its three sitios: Patal, Inginglis and Kuyukut.

..

Page 14: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

SAMPLING POINTS FOR SOIL ANALYSES

Page 15: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

Soil samples analyzed from the farming

communities that will be directly affected by

the mining operation

Soil Sample

(SS)

Coordinates Type of

vegetation

Sitio Patal

(SS1)

15003’50.8

120025’57.6

Pineapple, Taro

Sitio Patal

(SS2)

15003’50.8

120025’57.6

Taro

Sitio Ininglis

(SS3)

15003’53.2

120024’97.5

Corn, Kamote

Sitio Kuyukut

(SS4)

15004’03.0

120024’10.1

Taro, Banana,

Jackfruit, Cassava,

Beans, Tobacco

Page 16: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

RESULTS OF RAPID SOIL TESTING

Soil

SamplepH N (%) P K

Soil

Texture

SS1 6.8 Low High Deficient Sandy

SS2 6.8 Low High Sufficient Sandy

SS3 6.0 Low High Sufficient Sandy

SS4 4.8 Low High Sufficient Sandy

On pH:

• soil from Sitios Patal and Ininglis are within the

range of pH with optimum condition

• soil sample from Sitio Kuyukut registered low pH

indicating that the soil is acidic

Nitrogen (N):

• four soil samples registered low N content

• N deficiency may be due to regular crop removal

during harvesting or leaching caused by heavy

rains- plants will glow slow and small

Phosphorous (P)

• also a major factor in soil

fertility

• all soil samples derived

from Brgy. Kamias have

high phosphorous content

Potassium (K)

• presence of K in soil serves

as protection from leaching

• only the soil sample derived

from Sitio Patal is deficient

from K, Ininglis and Kuyukut

(grown with gabi) have

sufficient K content.

Page 17: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

FARMING SYSTEM Upland farming is the common

agricultural activity of the Aeta communities.

In the parcel of land that they are cultivating,

there are mixed vegetation that involves

root crops, vegetables and trees

No specific cropping pattern is being

followed and their planting seasons are twice

a year.

People also rely on their harvest from the

natural vegetation such as wild banana

that they sell in the local market

For food, they hunt wild pig and they also

catch fish and other aquatic food during dry

season

Page 18: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

WATER TESTING

Sampling stations were selected to represent the water quality of

the main river and some of its tributaries

On site measurements were done on the following parameters:

Temperature, pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids

(TDS), Turbidity, Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)

Measurements were made on the surface of the river, having

three (3) repetitions for each parameter. Discharge of the river at

each sampling station was also measured using a flow meter.

Other sampling conditions were noted such as weather condition

and date of sampling.

Page 19: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

MAP OF

SAMPLING

POINTS

Page 20: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

RESULTS OF WATER TESTING

• Passed the DENR

Standard for fresh

surface water for pH,

Total Dissolved Solids

and Salinity (watershed

and protected areas)

• High turbidity-- this

could be a result of

a high sediment

input upstream of

the station 3

tributary due to

disturbance of the

soil within the

vicinity of the reach.

Page 21: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

GEOLOGIC FINDINGS

Mount Negron is a potentially active volcano located at

the boundary of 3 provinces- Zambales, Pampanga and Tarlac. • part of a chain of volcanoes-- West Luzon volcanic arc or Tri-

Cabusilan Mountain Range (Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Tayawan and Mt. Pinatubo) that lie along the western side of Luzon, within the tectonic setting of Western Bataan Lineament ((http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/negron.htm)).

• Mt. Pinatubo is the only considered active volcano in the area• Mt. Negron, Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Mataba, Bituin plug, and Tapungho plug

are ancestral satellite vents where ancient eruptions could have taken place.

• Peaks like Mt. Negron, Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Dorst, Mt. Tayawan and Mt.

Donald are believed to have been part of Pinatubo's original peak http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/newhall/index.html

• The magma reservoir of Mt. Pinatubo extends south to Mt. Negron(http://www.unisdr.org/files/3004_fireandmud.pdf)

Page 22: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

GEOLOGIC FINDINGS

Downstream along Gumain River,

indurated fluvial deposits lie on

both sides of the channel—

• thin to thickly bedded,

alternating beds of clast-

supported and matrix-supported,

polymictic conglomerates

• conglomerates -- fine to coarse sand sized matrix and

pebble to cobble, subangular to subrounded clasts

• clasts are andesites, porphyritic andesites and basaltic

andesites

• phenocrysts of severals clasts are amphibole, plagioclase

and quartz.

Page 23: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

GEOLOGIC FINDINGS

Along a tributary in Sitio

Bitak/Patumbol, several kilometers

upstream, a massive, highly

indurated pyroclastic flow

deposit was observed

Page 24: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

GEOLOGIC FINDINGS

upstream in Sitio Kuyukot, loose

pumice deposits of sand to

pebble sizes can be observed, as

well as in other areas along ridges.

• along the river, upstream, highly

fractured andesitic rocks bound

the river-- mineralized but only

pyrite was identified in the rock

sample collected.

• in some areas, the andesites are

porphyritic, while others have

been altered to clay

Page 25: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

FINDINGS ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA (Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees, in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron)

The more diverse the vegetation, the more diverse the wildlife is and the greater the proportionality of the populations.

• there is a total of 6 species of trees belonging to 6 families

• future vegetation indicated by regenerations recorded

having 61 species belonging to 23 families

• despite the highly disturbed forests in the secondary and

submarginal forests, tree species noted are highly significant

to the lives of Aetas, for they possess indigenous uses which

may not be known to non-Aetas

Page 26: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

SALIENT FINDINGS (Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees, in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron)

• the presence of wild boar, alamid and eagles

show that forests in Mt. Negron are still

potential for wildlife habitat (particularly for

significant wildlife species). Further degradation

and disturbance to the Mt. Abo ecosystem

might cease the proliferation of such species

• in the absence of good baseline information, it

is conceivable that the original diversity and

richness of flora in the areas now covered by

secondary and submarginal forests are much

higher than the estimates herein reported due

to the degradation of the forests.

Page 27: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

SALIENT FINDINGS (Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees, in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron)

• mineral resources are not the only significant material but

the biota inside the forest as well that sustain the life of the

IPs from time immemorial

• mining and logging activities can hasten degradation and

depletion of these resources that can affect forest

ecosystem and has large impact to the culture, social and

economic well-being of the indigenous people

Page 28: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

1. The Class AA Standard of water in Gumain River should

be preserved for several uses: potable drinking, irrigation

and other uses. Large-scale mining operations might

contaminate the riverine system

2. Forest ecosystem must be enhanced for the sustainability

of the various uses of forests: economic, medicine,

cultural

3. Agricultural production can be optimized by diversified

crop production and appropriate technologies that will

bring back nutrients in soil

4. Activities that will hasten degradation and resources

depletion must be prevented

PRESERVING THE BIODIVERSITY AND

WATERSHED IN MT. NEGRON

Page 29: Mt.abo eim3

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

1. Reject neo-colonial policies of globalization imposed by

World Trade Organizations (WTO) (liberalization of

mining)

2. Provide economic and political reforms to local agriculture

3. Strengthen the efforts to promote responsible mining,

sustainable agriculture, modernization of agriculture

within the framework

of genuine agrarian reform and

national industrialization

Lasting solutions for the development of

domestic economy, local agriculture and

achieving economic self-sufficiency

Page 30: Mt.abo eim3

GREEN FIEND

GREENFIEND1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345

DEFEND MT. NEGRON FROM

MINING PLUNDER!!

REPEAL MINING ACT OF 1995!

RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL PLUNDER

AND DESTRUCTION!