MOA-II microlensing exoplanet survey
MOA-II microlensing exoplanet survey
Takahiro Sumi
(Nagoya univ.) the MOA collaboration
Takahiro Sumi
(Nagoya univ.) the MOA collaboration
planetary microlensing planetary microlensing
Sensitivity of various methods
Sensitivity of various methods
•RVRV •transit transit •Direct imageDirect image•MicrolensingMicrolensing :: not rely on flux from hostnot rely on flux from host
•small planet : down to Earth•1-6 AU : around snow line•Faint star :M-dwarf, brown dwarfFaint star :M-dwarf, brown dwarf•No host No host : : free floating free floating planetplanet•Far system:Far system: galactic galactic distributiondistributionCredit Bennett Credit Bennett
Sensitivity of microlensingSensitivity of microlensing
PLANETPLANET
FUNFUN
• Pointing each candidatePointing each candidate• High cadenceHigh cadence
MOAMOA(NewZealan(NewZealand)d)
OGLEOGLE(Chile),(Chile), ((no observation in no observation in
20092009))
Wide field Wide field Low cadenceLow cadence
MOAMOA(NewZealan(NewZealand)d)
OGLEOGLE(Chile),(Chile), ((no observation in no observation in
20092009))
Wide field Wide field Low cadenceLow cadence
Microlensing observation global networkMicrolensing observation global network
Survey GroupSurvey Group Follow-up GroupFollow-up GroupMicroMicrolensinglensingAlertAlert
AnomalyAnomaly AlertAlert
MOA (since 1995)
( Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics )( New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude : 44S, Alt: 1029m )
MOA (since 1995)
( Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics )( New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude : 44S, Alt: 1029m )
Mirror : 1.8mCCD : 80M pix. FOV : 2.2 deg.2
Mirror : 1.8mCCD : 80M pix. FOV : 2.2 deg.2
MOA (until ~1500) ( the world largest bird in NZ )
MOA (until ~1500) ( the world largest bird in NZ )
height:3.5height:3.5 mmweight:240kgweight:240kgcan not flycan not flyExtinct 500 years Extinct 500 years
agoago
(( MaoriMaori ate them) ate them)
height:3.5height:3.5 mmweight:240kgweight:240kgcan not flycan not flyExtinct 500 years Extinct 500 years
agoago
(( MaoriMaori ate them) ate them)
Observation by MOAObservation by MOA
•50 deg.2(20Mstars)
1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))
•1obs./95min.(Mjup)
1obs./47min. (Mnep)
1obs./15min. (M)
•50 deg.2(20Mstars)
1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))
•1obs./95min.(Mjup)
1obs./47min. (Mnep)
1obs./15min. (M)489489events(events(33planets) planets) (16/9/2009)(16/9/2009)
http://www.massey.ac.nz/~iabond/alert/alert.html
G.C.
Real-time Anomaly check at Mt.John
Real-time Anomaly check at Mt.John
The planet found on 11/9/2009
The planet found on 11/9/2009
anomalyanomaly
The first planet via microlensing OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53
The first planet via microlensing OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53
Mass : ~3MJ, Sep. : ~4AUMass : ~3MJ, Sep. : ~4AU
2nd Exoplanet Discovery by lensing2nd Exoplanet Discovery by lensing:OGLE 2005-BLG-71 (Udalski, et. al.2006Dong et al. 2008)
Data from OGLE, FUN,PLANET & MOA
•ML=0.46±0.04•DL=3.3±0.4kpc•Mp=3.5±0.3MJ
•Sep=3.6±0.2AU•VV~103km/s (HST)
Thick disk
The most massivePlanet at wide sep for M-dwarfChallenging to form in core-accretion model
5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-
390390 5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-5.5 Earth mass:OGLE-2005-BLG-
390390 Sep~3AUSep~3AU
The smallest PlanetThe smallest Planet !! (at that time)(at that time)
(Beaulieu et al. 2006, Nature,439,437)(Beaulieu et al. 2006, Nature,439,437)
•Proved microlensingis sensitive toSuper earth
snow lineHabitable zone 25 multiple systemHost mass
Jupiter, Saturn
First case that both giant planets are outside of snow line
giant planets are supposed to form outside of snow line, butnot observed
OGLE-2006-BLG-109L
Jupiter/Saturn analog : OGLE-2006-BLG-109L
Jupiter/Saturn analog : OGLE-2006-BLG-109L
The smallest host starThe smallest host star :: MOA 2007-MOA 2007-BLG-192BLG-192
The smallest host starThe smallest host star :: MOA 2007-MOA 2007-BLG-192BLG-192
With planetNo planetMMhosthost=0.06 =0.06 (0.024-0.128) (0.024-0.128) MM
MMp p =3.3 =3.3 (1.0-17.8)(1.0-17.8)MMEarthEarth
MOAOGLE
VLT-NACO(AO) VLT-NACO(AO) imageimage
VLT-NACO(AO) VLT-NACO(AO) imageimage
Can be Can be determined determined by HST by HST 5 years later 5 years later
No flux No flux from from Lens Lens
Lens is faint:Lens is faint:Late M-dwarf Late M-dwarf or or brown dwarfbrown dwarf
Bennett et al. 2008
Summary of Planet candidates
Summary of Planet candidates
preliminary.Credit Bennett preliminary.Credit Bennett
Gould et al. 2006:“Cool Neptune” are common in K,M-dwarf : ~40% (>16% at 90% confidence.)”
consistent with formation theory. (Ida & Lin, 2004)
GCSun
Galactic distribution
Galactic distribution
Density distribution
Distance
Ho
st m
ass
Few Planets in GB!?(be careful: there may be Observational bias)
Uniform in DL
>60% of lensing eventsare due to bulge lens
Free floating planetFree floating planet
•half planets rejected after 108yr
•Free floating
•Microlensing can find
Planet scattering Simulation by Veras et al. 2009
tE=1.2days ~1MJ
summarysummarysummarysummary 9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published 3 3 exoplanets in preparation. exoplanets in preparation.
MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (489489events so events so far)far)
3(+2) 3(+2) exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far.exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far. Unique planets: Unique planets:
The largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick diskThe largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick disk Jupiter/Saturn analogJupiter/Saturn analog Exoplanet around Brown dwarfExoplanet around Brown dwarf
””Cool NeptuneCool Neptune““ are common in K,M-dwarf are common in K,M-dwarf Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??
Free floating planetsFree floating planets
Earth Mass planet soon!Earth Mass planet soon!
9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published9 exoplanets (8system) via microlensing published 3 3 exoplanets in preparation. exoplanets in preparation.
MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (MOA is the only survey group in 2009 (489489events so events so far)far)
3(+2) 3(+2) exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far.exoplanets candidates in 2009 so far. Unique planets: Unique planets:
The largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick diskThe largest Giant planet at wide sep. around M-dwarf in Thick disk Jupiter/Saturn analogJupiter/Saturn analog Exoplanet around Brown dwarfExoplanet around Brown dwarf
””Cool NeptuneCool Neptune““ are common in K,M-dwarf are common in K,M-dwarf Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??Evidence of few exoplanets in the bulge??
Free floating planetsFree floating planets
Earth Mass planet soon!Earth Mass planet soon!
endend
OGLE-2007-BLG-368 (MOA-2007-BLG-308)OGLE-2007-BLG-368 (MOA-2007-BLG-308)
q=q=1x10^-4, sep=, sep= 0.9RE
Keck, AO, K-bandKeck, AO, K-band
OGLE, I-bandOGLE, I-band
D(kpc) ML(M) Mp Sep (AU)
OGLE-2003-BLG-235/MOA-2003-BLG-53
θE,Bayesian,flux limit
OGLE-2005-BLG-169
θE,Bayesian,flux limit
OGLE-2005-BLG-071
θE,Parallax,Astrometry.Thick disk. Most Massive planet in M-dwarf
OGLE-2005-BLG-390
θE,Bayesian
OGLE-2006-BLG-109
θE, Parallax
MOA-2007-BLG-192
θE,Parallax.VLT,Smallest host
MOA-2007-BLG-400
θE,Bayesian,flux limit
OGLE-2007-BLG-368
In preparation
OGLE-2007-BLG-349
In preparation
MOA-2007-BLG-197
In preparation
MOA-2008-BLG-310
If blend is lens
Planetary microlensingPlanetary microlensing
€
2.7−2.3+1.6
€
0.63−0.09+0.07
€
2.6−0.6+0.8MJ
€
4.3−0.8+2.5
€
13−7+6M⊕
€
0.49−0.29+0.23
€
2.7−2.3+1.6
€
5.8−0.7+0.6
€
3.3−0.4+0.4
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0.46−0.04+0.04
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3.5−0.3+0.3MJ
€
3.6−0.2+0.2
€
6.6−1.0+1.0
€
0.22−0.11+0.21
€
5.5−2.7+5.5M⊕
€
2.6−0.6+1.5
€
1.49−0.13+0.13
€
0.50−0.05+0.05
€
0.71−0.08+0.08MJ
€
0.27−0.03+0.03MJ
€
2.3−0.2+0.2
€
4.6−0.5+0.5
€
1.0−0.4+0.4
€
0.06−0.021+0.028
€
3.3−1.6+4.9M⊕
€
0.62−0.16+0.22
€
5.8−0.8+0.6
€
0.30−0.12+0.19
€
0.82−0.33+0.52MJ
€
0.72−0.16+0.38or6.5−1.2
+3.2
€
0.67−0.14+0.14
€
74−17+17M⊕
€
1.25−0.10+0.10
€
> 6(> 0.08M⊕)