MicronutrientsMicronutrients
- Vittal
CHOOSE YOUR TRACE METAL
IRON IODINE COPPER
ZINC COBALT CHROMIUM
SELENIUM COPPER MANGANESE
MOLYBDINUM NICKLE VANADIUM
IRON IODINE COPPER
ZINC COBALT CHROMIUM
SELENIUM COPPER MANGANESE
MOLYBDINUM NICKLE VANADIUM
IRONSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Fish, Liver, meat, jaggary, Meat group, Leafy Greens, cereals, legumes, dates, turmeric, watermelon
Constituent of Hb., enzymes, role in O2 transport
LBW, Blood loss, hook worm, malabsorption, poor intake
IRONClnical
FeaturesRequirement Remarks
Pallor, dyspnoea, CCF, irritability, lack of conc.,pica, koilonychia,
Prophylaxis:
2 mg/kg/d
Treatment:
6 mg/kg/d O for 3-4 mo.
Oxalates, Zn, phytates inhibit absorption
Toxicity: GI Upset, metabolic derangement, acidosis, hepatic failure.
Tt. : Gastric lavage, Desferoxamine, Deferiprone
IODINESOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Sea foods, drinking water, iodized salt
Constituent of thyroxine
Low content in water, excessive intake of cabbbage, cauliflower
IODINEClnical
FeaturesRequirement Remarks
Goitre, hypothyroidism, still birth, CNS defect
Investigations:
Urinary iodine, PBI, T3, T4, TSH, Iodine uptake
50-150 mcg/day
Iodized salt to contain 15 mcg/g (15 ppm) uptp 30 ppm is added t tackle loss
Toxicity: Goitre
COPPERSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Liver, fish, meat, oyster, legumes,
Constituent of enzymes, ceruloplasmin role in hemopoisis, bone metabolism
LBW, preterm, TPN, PEM, Nephrotic syndrome
COPPERClnical
FeaturesRequirement Remarks
Liver, fish, meat, oyster, legumes, nuts, prunes
Constituent of enzymes, ceruloplasmin role in hemopoisis, bone and connective tissue metabolism, nerve fibres and skin
Hypochromic anemia, neutropenia, hypopigmentation of hair, bony defects
Inv: S.Cu: 75-150 mcg%
S.Cerulo: 10-15 mcg%
ZINCSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Liver, beef, oyster, wheat germ, nuts, grapes.
Phytates reduce absorption
Constituent of enzymes, ceruloplasmin role in protein and nucleic acid synthesis
PEM, hepatitis, TPN, nephrotic syndrome, acrodermatitis eneteropathica
ZINCClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Growth retardation, anroexia, gonadal atrophy, alopecia, diarrhoea, reduced taste sensation
Inv.: S.Zn: (60 – 150 mcg%), Hair Zn.
5 -15 g / d
Treatment:
1-2 mg / kg / d
Used as adjuvant in Tt. Of Wilson;s Disease, Diarrhoeal disorders
Toxicity: GI Upset, Cu deficiency
COBALTSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Meat group Constituent of B12, role in iron absorption, iodine utilization
PEM, TPN
COBALTClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Hypothyroidism, anemia, goitre,
Inv. : S.Co. (0.007 mcg%)
Not known Excess can cause goitre and cardiomyopathy
CHROMIUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Yeast, liver, cereals, nuts, cocoa, pepper, cheese, chickens, mushrooms, molasses
Facilitates insulin action
PEM, TPN
CHROMIUMClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Hyperglycemia, encephalopathy
Inv. : S.Cr. (0.02 mcg%)
10 mcg/d
Treatment:
180 mcg single dose
Renal failure, dermatitis
MOLYBDINUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Legumes, whole grains, greens, meat group, nuts
Components of xanthine oxidase, instrumental in iron storage. Instrumental in production of uric acid.
TPN, poor soil content
MOLYBDINUMClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Mouth and esophageal cancers, tachycardia, coma
Inv. : S.Mo. (0.07 mcg%)
250-500 mcg/d
Bony defects, hyperurecemia, competes with Cu absorption.
Deficiency never occurs
SELENIUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Meat group, greens, garlic, oysters
Antioxidant co-factor, maintains liver integrity
PEM, TPN, poor soil content
SELENIUMClnical Features Requirem
entRemarks
Keshan cartiomyopathy, arthritis, myalgia, growth retardation, liver necrosis, risk of cancer , Kashin-Beck Disease (chondrodystrophy)
Inv. : S.Se. (13 mcg%)
100 mcg/d Dental caries, alopecia, garlic odour in breath
MANGANESESOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Cereals, nuts, legumes, whole grains, egg yolk, greens, tea
Component of superoxide dismutase, role in oxidative phosphorylation, bone and tendon formation
TPN
MANGANESEClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Growth retardation, reddening of hair, increased prothrombin time
Inv.
S. Mn. (0.06 mcg)
1-5 mg / d Encephalitis, goitre, cardiomyopath, cholestasis.
Iron decreases absorption of Mn
NICKLESOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Chacolates Component of urease, nickle, plasmin, stabilizes membranes
TPN
NICKLEClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Inv.
S. Ni. (0.02 mcg)
Not known Dermatitis, linver, necrosis, nasal and lung cancers
SILICONSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Cross linkage of collagen
TPN
SILICONClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Growth retardation, defective bone growth
Not known Glaucoma and fibrosis of lung
VANADIUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY
Protein rich food TPN PEM
VANADIUMClnical Features Requirement Remarks
Associated with nutritional edema
Not known