Magnus Wikander FKAB Marine Design
Managing risks in LNG bunkering operations
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UDDEVALLAGOTHENBURG
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FKAB GLOBALLY
-We have been delivering great ship designs and marine engineering since 1961
FKAB Marine Design
-We have been delivering great ship designs and marine engineering since 1961
FKAB Marine Design
Today s presentation
- LNG, the future fuel for shipping?
- LNG bunkering today in Norway
- Making LNG available for larger ships
- LNG bunkering ship to ship from a risk perspective
- HAZID & Risk Assessment
LNG, the future fuel for Shipping?
- Increase of oil price!
- Stricter environmental legislations
- Environmental concern of the transport buyer
- LNG, the bridge over to renewable gas fuels
Ships suitable for LNG
How can LNG be a competitive Bunker Fuel?
LNG Small Scale Distribution is required
- Hubs (small scale LNG terminal) are needed. Fuel supply is crucial in shipping
- LNG Feeders, there are few, more are required to fit the possible demand
- LNG Bunkering solutions, only for smaller ships today
- The price of LNG as bunker fuel must take into account the increased investment cost for a LNG system
FKAB L2 – 16 500m3 LNG feeder FKAB L1 – 800m3 LNG/MGO mini feeder vessel
LNG distribution vessels from FKAB
LNG fueled ships today
Pictures: Cryo AB
LNG bunkering today
pictures: Cryo & GASNOR
• Truck to ship
pictures: GASNOR
• Onshore terminal to ship
LNG bunkering today
Bunkering of larger ships today
• HFO/MDO/MGOBunkering Ship to Ship
Making LNG available for larger ships
Joint industry project:LNG bunkering ship to ship
- Swedish Marine Technical Forum
- Linde Cryo AB
- FKAB Marine Design
- Det Norske Veritas
- LNG GOT
- White Smoke AB
IMO IGF Interim regulationsExisting regulations for gas driven ships IMO IGC Code
Existing regulations for gas carriers (gas bunker ship)
LNG bunkering ship to ship?No existing regulations or guidelines
*SIGTTO = Society of International Gas Tanker & Terminal operators Ltd*OCIMF = Oil Companies International Marine Forum
International Rules and Guidelines
IMO - IGC CodeRules for the bunker boat, which is a small LNG carrier
IMO - IGF CodeRules for the receiving ship, the ship using LNG as fuel
SIGGTOGuidelines for LNG transfer
OCIMFGuidelines for Oil transfer, STS oil bunker procedures
National Rules and Guidelines
Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency - MSBRegulations on land
Swedish Transport Agency, Maritime departmentRegulations at sea
Port regulations e.g. “Green bunkering” for Port of Göteborg
Bunkering scenario Port close to urban areasBunkering during
unloading and loading
Truck and carsPassengers
Very short time in port
LNG & MGO
Important parameters – Bunker scenario
• Fast and Safe bunker procedure
• Bunker operation should not prolong stay in port
• Bunkering of LNG and MGO / MDO at the same time
• Environmental concern, minimal environmental impact from bunkering procedure
• Proven technology
• Accurate bunkering; measurement of quantity and quality
Workflow LNG bunkering ship to ship project
HAZID Risk identification
Risk Assessment
Finalized Concept
Concept development
HAZID workshop - Objectives
1. Identify hazards which have the potential to result in health, safety or environmental impact;
- Fire or explosion - Hydro-carbon releases (vapour leaks) cryogenic releases, - Loss of structural integrity or control
2. Propose risk reducing measures for the hazards identified
LNG BUNKERING TIMELINE
BEFORE BUNKERING DURING BUNKERING AFTER BUNKERING
EVENT
CALLARRIVALMOORINGCHECKLIST TO RECEIVING SHIPCONNNECTION LINK / EARTHINGCONNECTION HOSERETURN OF SIGNED CHECKLISTOPEN MANUAL VALVESREADY SIGNAL BOTH SHIPSPUMP START SEQUENCETRANSFER SEQUENCEPUMP STOP SEQUENCEPURGING OF CARGO LINES (BOTH SHIPS)SHUT MANUAL + REMOTE CONTROLLED VALVESDISCONNECTION HOSESINERTING OF CARGO LINES (RECEIVING SHIP)DISCONNECTION LINK / EARTHINGDELIVERY CARGO DOCUMENTUN-MOORINGDEPARTUREINERTING OF CARGO LINES (BUNKER SHIP)
HAZID workshop - Risk areas/systems considered for each step of the operation
1. Bunkering system (ship to ship transfer)
2. Receiving ship and surrounding environment
3. LNG and NG (boil-off) transfer
4. Bunker manifolds
5. Venting system
6. Total vessel
HAZID workshop - Hazard guidewords/check list
• Fire or explosion hazard• Fire/Explosion in mach. spaces and LNG system• Fire/Explosion in other areas• Other hazards generated by materials and substances• Leakage of liquid LNG causing loss of structural integrity• Mechanical hazards• Electrical hazards• Thermal hazards• Hazards generated by malfunctions• Collisions• Dropped objects• Grounding• Foundering• Environmental Hazards• Pollution• Occupational accidents• Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles• Hazards generated by erroneous human intervention
Identified risks & Risk Assessment
ID Operation Hazard TypeDescription of consequence and probability
•Comments •Possible Safeguards and input for concept development
Risk Assesment/Actions
1 During bunkering operation
Fire/Explosion in mach. spaces and LNG system
Leakage trough bunkering station causing fire /explosion
• Leakage in couplings (QR/QCDC), flexible hose, pressure relief valve.• Will probably leak as heavy gas-phase, rise after a while to light gas-phase
•Operation• Strict supervision of bunkering, visual inspection of equipment and active leak detection.•Technology• Safe break-away • Dry disconnection coupling• Multiple transfer hoses to reduce leak size• Pipe-in-pipe (ex. Flexible hose)
A. Visual inspection and supervision to be included of bunker checklists.
B. Safe break coupling to be installed at receiving ship manifold due to safety reasons and correct breakpoint. Minimizes spill at break
C. Dry disconnection coupling towards receiving ship to minimize spill.
D. Differential pressure measuring over the hoses to indicate leakage and activate safe shut-down
Type of risk with consequence How the risk is reduced
to acceptable levels
Fire/explosion
Hazards generated by neglecting
ergonomic principles & human
intervention
External Hazards
Pollution
Grounding
Mechanical hazards
Other hazards generated by materials and substances
Leakage of liquid LNG
causing loss of structural integrity
Environmental Hazards
Consequence
Prob
abili
ty
Collisions
Hazards generated by malfunctions
Electrical hazards
Identification of risks - LNG bunkering ship to ship
”No Show Stoppers”
• Ship to Ship bunkering procedure for LNG and MGO, based on guidelines from OCIMF and SIGTTO
• Procedure and technical solutions are approved in principle by DNV
LNG bunkering Ship to Ship
FKAB L1 – LNG/MGO bunker ship
• Technical concept solution for fast, uncomplicated and safe LNG Ship to Ship bunkering
• Operational procedure for Ship to Ship LNG bunkering, including checklists
Conclusion
- We have the answer of how to bunker LNG fuelled ships
Download the procedure at: www.fkab.com
Magnus WikanderFKAB Marine Design
Thanks for listening
More than 45 years of experience
Close to leading ship-builders in Asia
Close to major European ship-owners
Total design consultancy from idea todelivery
Several proven ship designs from small to large vessels
www.fkab.com