M3 U4 Subject Clause
"big bang"
a cloud of dust
What was it to become?
certain or uncertain
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago.
主语从句： ___________________________
从句语序为： ______________
主句谓语动词多为 _____ 数
在句子中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句陈述语序
单
基础知识回顾 : 关系词及其意义
不作成分，无意义，只起连接作用。 that
不作成分，但含有“是否”意义。whether/if
从句中作主语，宾语，表语 , 定语 who,whom, what, which, whose从句中作状语 when where why how
• 1. that 引导• That the universe began with a "Big Bang" is gene
rally accepted. • That water is important is a fact. • That human beings do great harm to the earth is c
ertain.• That the earth is becoming warmer and warmer wo
rries many scientists.
that 在主语从句中 _________ 成份， _____ 意义，_______ 省略
不做 没有不可
为避免主语冗长 , 句子头重脚轻 , 经常用 it 作形式主语 , 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 .
It is generally accepted that the universe began with a "Big Bang".
It+be+pp/adj./n.+that 从句It+vt.+object+that 从句
It is a fact that water is important.It is certain that human beings do great harm to the earth.It worries many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.
• 2. whether 引导• Whether the earth began with a " Big Bang" is
unknown.• Whether we can live in other planets is not
clear.whether 引导主语从句， ______ 成分，译为_______,________ 省略
不做是否 不可
How the earth began is unknown.
What the earth began with is unknown.
When the earth began with a "Big Bang" is unknown.Why the earth began with a "Big Bang" is unknown.Where we can live is unknown.
what 引导主语从句，充当 ________________ ，译为_______, ________ 省略
主语，宾语，表语什么
不可how, when, why, where 引导主语从句，充当 ______ ，译为 ______________________________, _____ 省略
状语如何，在什么时候，为什么，在哪里
不可
不可
______ we should not spit everywhere is certain.
______ the man is doing is disgusting.
It is certain that we should not spit everywhere.
That
What
Whether the two pandas are a couple is not clear.
这两只熊猫是否是夫妻是不知道的。
______________________ is a mystery.
他们在想什么是个谜。
What they are thinking
• ______ the earth began is not known to humans. • ________most scientists believe about the beginning
of the earth is the “ Big Bang” theory.• _______ the earth is becoming warm is a good topic
for research.• ______ there is life on other planets is what scientists
want to find out.• _______ Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our
solar system surprised us.
whether / that / why / what / how
What
How
Why /How
Whether
ThatIt surprised us that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.
• Example:
• 1. The formation of the earth is still unknown
•
• How the earth formed is still unknown
write sentences in different ways
(subject clause)
2. The disappearance of dinosaurs puzzled many scientists .
_____________________________puzzled many scientists.
3. Humans’ acitivities has caused global warming.
___________________ has caused global warming.
4. Many scientists’ worry is that the earth is becoming hotter and hotter ______________________ is that the earth is b
ecoming hotter and hotter.
Write sentences in different waysWrite sentences in different ways
Why/How dinosaurs disappeared
What humans have done
What many scientists worry about
ProblemsProblems
• 1 We human beings do great harm to our earth. It does upWe human beings do great harm to our earth. It does upset me .set me .
• That That we human beings do great harm to our earth does uwe human beings do great harm to our earth does upset me. pset me.
• What we human beings do does upset me.What we human beings do does upset me.• 2 We are doing many terrible things. We bring great pain 2 We are doing many terrible things. We bring great pain
to wildlife. to wildlife. • WhatWhat we do bring great pain to wildlife. we do bring great pain to wildlife.• 3 For example, we are cutting down too many trees and k3 For example, we are cutting down too many trees and k
illing too many animals. It is a pity. illing too many animals. It is a pity. • For example, For example, itit is a pity is a pity that that we are cutting down too ma we are cutting down too ma
ny trees and killing too many animals. ny trees and killing too many animals. • 4 Thus, many animals are dying out because they lost th4 Thus, many animals are dying out because they lost th
eir habitats. eir habitats. • ThusThus, the reason why, the reason why many animals are dying out many animals are dying out is thatis that
they lost their habitats. they lost their habitats. • 5 In a word, we should protect our earth. I am worried.5 In a word, we should protect our earth. I am worried.• whatwhat worries me is whether we can protect our earth. worries me is whether we can protect our earth.
